Interoperable cross-domain semantic and geospatial framework for automatic change detection

AN ASSESSMENT OF SPATIAL VARIATION OF LAND SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS OF MINNA, NIGER STATE NIGERIA FOR SUSTAINABLE URBANIZATION USING GEOSPATIAL TECHNIQUES

In recent years the development of technology and the lifting of several technical limitations, has brought the third dimension to the fore. The complexity of urban environments and the strong need for land administration, intensify the need of using a three-dimensional cadastral system. Despite the progress in the field of geographic information systems and 3D modeling techniques, there is no fully digital 3D cadastre. The existing geographic information systems and the different methods of three-dimensional modeling allow for better management, visualization and dissemination of information. Nevertheless, these opportunities cannot be totally exploited because of deficiencies in standardization and interoperability in these systems. Within this context, CityGML was developed as an international standard of the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) for 3D city models’ representation and exchange. CityGML defines geometry and topology for city modeling, also focusing on semantic aspects of 3D city information. The scope of CityGML is to reach common terminology, also addressing the imperative need for interoperability and data integration, taking into account the number of available geographic information systems and modeling techniques. The aim of this paper is to develop an application for managing semantic information of a model generated based on procedural modeling. The model was initially implemented in CityEngine ESRI's software, and then imported to ArcGIS environment. Final goal was the original model’s semantic enrichment and then its conversion to CityGML format. Semantic information management and interoperability seemed to be feasible by the use of the 3DCities Project ESRI tools, since its database structure ensures adding semantic information to the CityEngine model and therefore automatically convert to CityGML for advanced analysis and visualization in different application areas.

Land, sometimes referred to as dry land, is the solid surface of Earth that is not permanently covered by water. The study describes the land use and land cover (LULC) dynamics in Bokaro district at Jharkhand from 1991 to 2011 using Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS). Whatever, human activities is invented or generated begins from LAND. Therefore, its uses and disintegration by human throughout the period of time is very essential to be known. A city grows not only by population but also by change in its spatial dimensions. The present study investigated the change detection of Bokaro district, Jharkhand, India using LANDSAT satellite data for the year 1991, 2001 and 2011. Topo sheet and high resolution images from Google earth were also used for the study. The process used for the study is known as image processing under which supervised classification method was used using different classes for the study area. The results indicated that there is a drastic increase in agriculture and habitation whereas forest, water and fallow land reduced within the district boundary limit. Migration is still continuing in the district and afforestation/human activities done throughout the period effecting in the reduction of water. Keywords: Change detection, land use and land cover, LANDSAT, Geographical Information System (GIS), remote sensing Cite this Article Modi AK, Das P, Panda D. Land Use/Land Cover Change Dynamic of Bokaro District, East India Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques. Journal of Remote Sensing & GIS . 2018; 9(3): 16–22p.

As time goes by, technology is also developing, especially in the field of Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have become an important tool in analyzing, managing, and designing. In various fields and sectors. Semarang Regency is a region located in the province of Central Java which has many very diverse tourist destinations. Tourist destinations in Semarang Regency are relatively low in visitors compared to other regions. Therefore, the aim of this research is to design an application that functions to introduce tourist destinations in Semarang Regency to the wider community by adopting Geographic Information System (GIS) technology. This application makes it easier for visitors to find out tourist locations, see locations virtually using images, see place ratings based on public assessments, looking at the costs required to access tourist areas, etc. This design method uses qualitative methods and system design using UML (Unified Modeling Language).

Rapid urbanization took place in the Pearl River Delta of south China since 1980. Although drastic land use change took place in very short interval within this area, hardly any research has been done on this phenomenon for lacking of available data. Remote sensing is presently the most favorable observation method for land use and land cover change (LUCC) researches. While located in the south of China, the Pearl River Delta suffers from heavy cloud cover for more than half of the year. This makes real-time LUCC monitoring and change detection almost impossible with commonly used optical remote sensing data. In this paper, the orbital highest resolution SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) data - Fine Mode Radarsat data was used for trail of short-term land use change detection. Three scenes of repeat-pass Radarsat data was collected over the study area. Although repeat-pass Radarsat enable continuous land use monitoring under all weather condition, images acquired during different time are inevitably affected by seasonal land cover change and variable environmental status such as air humidity and raining. Besides, some significant observation bias might be induced because of the platform and sensor instability. All these variations and instability made short-term land use change detection quite a perplex problem. In this paper, short-term land use change caused by human activity was considered as abnormal phenomena in both spatial and temporal domain in time series images. And a Density-based Anomaly Detection (DBAD) algorithm was designed to detect abnormally changed land parcels in time series Radarsat images. Firstly, totally 3 scenes of fine mode Radarsat images were collected in the study area from January 1st to May 3rd, 2006. Simply stacked temporal images reveal apparent backscattering variation between the three scenes of images, which mainly owes to the fast vegetable growth during the observation period. Then image segmentation was done on the multi-temporal Radarsat images and object features including mean value of backscattering coefficient (Mean), minimal value of backscattering (Min), homogeneity of gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCMhomo) and dissimilarity of gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCMdis) were extracted basing on segmented image objects. After that change- vector was constructed for each land objects. In the third step DBAD algorithm was applied to the change vector dataset to detect anomaly change in the 3 scenes of images. Finally field surveying data plus manual interpretation were used for validation. Comparing with object-based image regression method, DBAD results in better accuracy. Besides, data validation also shows that DBAD have better accuracy in both under-constructed area and newly built up area (error lower than 12%). While for built up area and some mixed used area, it gains relatively lower accuracy than other land types (from 10% to 28.57%). To conclude, short-term land use change in time series images could be defined as spatial and temporal anomaly in remote sensing images. By extending traditional anomaly detection to spatial-temporal anomaly detection, land use change caused by human activity could be effectively detected during short time intervals. The algorithm DBAD focus only on the density of change vectors in feature space, which is independent of the amplitude and direction of change vectors. This enable DBAD effectively discriminate temporal image variation caused by observation system, environment or seasonal land cover change, especially in vegetation and cultivated area which changed remarkably during the observation period, from land use change caused by human activities. This helps to decrease the false alarming in short-term change detection. © 2008 SPIE.

Rapid urbanization in Indian metropolitan regions has intensified the demand for efficient and sustainable public transportation systems. Metro rail projects, while primarily designed to enhance urban mobility, also play a significant role in restructuring land use patterns and shaping urban development. This study evaluates the impact of metro stations on land use dynamics and urban growth using an integrated Drone (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle – UAV) and Geographic Information System (GIS) framework. The Pune Metro Corridor is selected as a case study to analyze spatial and temporal changes in land use and land cover (LULC) before and after metro implementation. High-resolution UAV imagery, supported by satellite data and cadastral maps, was processed using GIS-based techniques such as supervised classification, buffer analysis, change detection, and regression modeling. The results indicate a substantial increase in built-up and commercial land use within 500 m of metro stations, accompanied by a decline in open land and vegetation cover. A strong inverse correlation between distance from metro stations and development intensity confirms metro accessibility as a key driver of urban transformation. The study highlights the effectiveness of UAV–GIS integration for high-resolution urban monitoring and provides planning insights to support sustainable transit-oriented development in rapidly growing cities.

Based on the idea of Spatial Citizenship, which endeavours to promote individuals' maturity and participation in the geospatial society, we focus on teachers' competence in the field of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) teaching and learning. By employing methods of qualitative social research, we have determined the dimensions and structures of Spatial Citizenship competence which, in turn, were used to create a Spatial Citizenship competence model for teacher education and training. In light of the derived competence framework, we argue for a shift in learning with GIS from the expert-based view to the everyday non-expert use of digital geomedia.

The impact of land use- and climate change on the managed eco-geomorphic balance in the Alps

The field of geographical information systems (GIS) is reviewed from the viewpoint of spatial analysis which is the key component of the familiar four-part model of input, storage, analysis and output Input is constrained by the limits of manual methods and problems of ambiguity in scanning. The potential for developments in output is seen to be limited to the query mode of GIS operation, and to depend on abandoning the cartographic model. Discussion of storage methods is organized around the raster versus vector debate and the need to represent two spatial dimensions in one. A taxonomy of GIS spatial analysis operations is presented together with a generic data model. Prospects for implementation are discussed and seen to depend on appropriate scales of organization in national and international academic research.

The book is a collection of the third symposium on geographical information systems organized by ZRC SAZU and co-organized by the Association of Geographical Societies of Slovenia and the Association of Surveyors of Slovenia on 28 and 29 November 1996 in Ljubljana. The book contains twenty-four scientific, research, professional, educational and technical papers in the field of geographic information systems.

Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP) is one of the Key Biodiversity Areas (K.B.A.) in the Philippines. One of the major threats facing MMRNP is land-use change and habitat loss. Landuse and landcover changes in the MMRNP were determined from 1992 to 2015 using Geographic Information System (G.I.S.). Human settlements and agricultural land uses were increasing and often directly bordered the protected area boundaries. Results also showed that human settlements in MMRNP are creeping towards the core zone, potentially increasing human activity and threatening the protected area's biodiversity. Urban expansion around MMRNP varied but increasing as much as 10%. Forest cover varied both within the buffer and core zones with possible evidence of deforestation throughout the MMRNP. Comparison of spatial data from 1992 and 2010 survey reveals a reduction of 10,588.80 hectares in forest cover. Spatial analyses of forest cover data between 2010 and 2015 indicated an increase of ~157.2 hectares of forest cover due to the National Greening Program (N.G.P.) of DENR. Increasing human impacts and continued loss and fragmentation of wildlife habitats inside the protected areas strongly affect their effectiveness as conservation sites. Promoting awareness of biodiversity conservation among residents should be one of the major focuses of the management plans. It is essential to continue efforts to protect and manage protected areas such as Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park. The findings of this research provide a valuable contribution to support biodiversity conservation. It is highly recommended that periodic monitoring, both spatial and ground truthing activities of the land cover across the MMRNP is essential to better understand the trends in land use impacts to protected areas. Keywords : biodiversity, conservation, forest cover, G.I.S., protected area

The Songnen Plain is an important grain production base in China.As a typical vulnerable area of eco-environment,its west part is one of the foci of land use and sandy desertification study.In this paper,Tailai County,a typical sandy desertification region in the Songnen Plain was taken as an example,and a method integrating remote sensing,Geographic Information System(GIS) and field survey was employed to build the dataset of land use and sand desertification for analysis.Remote sensing images included the Landsat Thematic Mapper(TM) image in 1986 and 2000,and the image with the Charge-Coupled Device Camera(CCD) on the China-Brazil Earth Resources Satellite(CBERS) in 2005.Moreover,the land use change and dynamic response of sandy desertification were further analyzed by spatial analysis model of GIS.Results showed that quantity and degree of land use remarkably changed at a region level,and the response of sandy desertification was also remarkable.First,the degree of land use change was mainly aggravated,and it increased by leaps and bounds in the period 1986-2000,and slowed down in the period 2000-2005.Second,the general trend of sandy desertification was gradually increasing,at a rate of 40.7 hm2/a in the former period and 8 hm2/a in the latter period.Furthermore,low coverage grassland and forest were distributed in the highest risk region of sandy desertification,and had an increasing trend.Third,the transformation of land use had great impacts on sandy desertification.Although sandy desertification degree of land use unchanged was mainly mitigated,the transformation area of cultivated land and low coverage grassland to sand land was much larger than the area of sand land converted to them,thus it was still at the risk of further increase.The region of land use changed has been suffering sandy desertification since 1986 with two different desertification periods identified.The first period(1986-2000) saw severe sandy desertification,and in the second period(2000-2005) the sandy desertification was weakened greatly.On the whole,land use tended to be unreasonable,although the trend was mitigated,it was still at the risk of further increase in the sandy desertification.

From simple road maps to advanced global-position satellite (GPS) technology, geographic information is essential in today's world. As a result of computers, the Internet, and satellite technology, geographic information is expanding in both quantity and type. Businesses, scientists, travelers, and countless others rely heavily on accurate, up-to-date geographic information. This book is a unique, timesaving, and easy-to-use reference, steering users through the massive amount of geographic information available from a wide range of sources and providing tips on how to use them effectively and efficiently in real-world research. Topics include map basics, finding place names, general geography works, general and thematic atlases, special format maps, aerial photography, remotely sensed images, and more. This book provides an accessible overview of the important, emerging field of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), computer systems capable of assembling, storing, manipulating, and displaying geographically referenced information. Also included is information on geographical standards, organizations, instructional resources, commercial publications, and careers in geography. Whether researching a specific location or a general topic, collecting antiquarian maps, or having an interest in learning how to use geographic tools from topographical maps to nautical charts, this book is a must-have reference.

Spatio-temporal evolution of agricultural land use change drivers: A case study from Chalous region, Iran

Surakarta is one of the big cities in Central Java and is the centre of the development of the mainstay area of SUBOSUKOWONOSRATEN. The physical development of the city of Surakarta has unwittingly spread to the periphery. The material changes in land use illustrate the expansion of the city of Surakarta and social and economic towards urban areas, called urbanization. Spatially, urban development in the suburbs of Surakarta City tends to the south or, in other words, towards Sukoharjo Regency. In line with the unstoppable pace of urbanization, Sukoharjo Regency must maximize development opportunities. The growth of urban areas can indicate urbanization. Industrial and residential growth can be an indication of urban growth. Urban growth modelling uses landusesim, GIS and Cellular Automata as the basis. Expectations of land use change are for industry to increase by 405 ha and settlements to increase by 2103 ha. The most significant land use change from 2022-2032 is in residential land use with an area of 1714.95 ha, which has changed from 2022 by 9%. Changes in land use for settlements are below the previously predicted expectations. Industrial land use also experienced changes in 2032; it increased by 405 ha or 48% from 2022.