High-Definition Transmission, Signal Processing, and Display

The transmission, signal processing, and display of high-definition television (HDTV), can benefit if visual perception is completely understood. This information is used in the design of a reduced-bandwidth compatible transmission system and a progressively scanned camera and display for improved vertical resolution without interline flicker. Its application to the development of a solid-state light-valve HDTV projector for theater and consumer use is also discussed.

The authors propose an HDTV (high-definition television) transmission system design for an SDH (synchronous digital hierarchy)-based STM network. The proposed HDTV coding algorithms are based on subband coding; one uses subband DCT (discrete cosine transform) for HDTV distribution services, while the other uses subband DPCM (differential pulse code modulation) for HDTV contribution services. The network architecture is discussed in regard to providing broadband communication services such as HDTV transmission service upon the introduction of B-ISDN (broadband integrated services digital network) in the early 1990s. The authors also propose a method to compensate for degradation in video transmission systems, i.e., burst errors in STM networks and consecutive cell loss in ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) networks, using random error correcting codes and an interleave structure. An HDTV transmission experimental system using an SDH-based STM network is described. >

This work first overviews a novel design, and prototype implementation, of a virtually transparent epidermal imagery (VTEI) system for laparo-endoscopic single-site (LESS) surgery. The system uses a network of multiple, micro-cameras and multiview mosaicking to obtain a panoramic view of the surgery area. The prototype VTEI system also projects the generated panoramic view on the abdomen area to create a transparent display effect that mimics equivalent, but higher risk, open-cavity surgeries. The specific research focus of this paper is on two important aspects of a VTEI system: 1) in vivo wireless high-definition (HD) video transmission and 2) multi-image processing-both of which play key roles in next-generation systems. For transmission and reception, this paper proposes a theoretical wireless communication scheme for high-definition video in situations that require extremely small-footprint image sensors and in zero-latency applications. In such situations the typical optimized metrics in communication schemes, such as power and data rate, are far less important than latency and hardware footprint that absolutely preclude their use if not satisfied. This work proposes the use of a novel Frequency-Modulated Voltage-Division Multiplexing (FM-VDM) scheme where sensor data is kept analog and transmitted via "voltage-multiplexed" signals that are also frequency-modulated. Once images are received, a novel Homographic Image Mosaicking and Morphing (HIMM) algorithm is proposed to stitch images from respective cameras, that also compensates for irregular surfaces in real-time, into a single cohesive view of the surgical area. In VTEI, this view is then visible to the surgeon directly on the patient to give an "open cavity" feel to laparoscopic procedures.

Detection of fake high definition for HEVC videos based on prediction mode feature

Comparison of visual census and high definition video transects for monitoring coral reef fish assemblages

Multimedia applications place high demands on resources in wireless networks. The 60GHz frequency band has been adopted to support high data rate applications in wireless personal area networks (WPANs). In the IEEE 802.15.3c standard for millimeter-wave-based high-rate WPANs, devices are allocated a dedicated transmission time called a CTA (channel time allocation) based on their request to transmit. While the duration of a CTA may be adjusted, the standard does not specify how resource allocation should be achieved. High-Definition (HD) video with variable bit rate (VBR) is a potential application for the WPAN. In this work, an IEEE 802.15.3c network is simulated and the throughput losses due to static resource provisioning for a series of H.264/SVC (MPEG-4 Part 10) HD video sources are identified. It is demonstrated that the high data rates proposed for the 60GHz frequency band will not be achieved without dynamic resource allocation.

This paper presents Layered Division Multiplexing (LDM), a technology that may be used to provide a flexible multi-layer system transmission by means of spectrum overlay. This technology can be used to simultaneously deliver multiple program streams with different characteristics and robustness for different services (mobile TV, HDTV and UHDTV) in one RF channel. — In Layer Division Multiplex (LDM) the signal to be transmitted consists of a number of different independent signals superimposed together at different injection levels to form a multi-layer signal. Each layer can have its own characteristics. The top layer is the most robust one, which has a negative Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) system threshold value, and can be used for robust mobile service. The lower layer(s) can be used to provide fixed high data rate services, such as multiple High Definition Television (HDTV) and Ultra High Definition Television (UHDTV). For example, DVB-T2, or an alternative design of a high data rate transmission system can be used for the second layer. The upper layer signal can be a separate program, or be used for delivering supplementary bit rate to be combined with the lower layer signal to provide additional features or achieve higher quality of service (e.g., scalable video coding and placing audio on upper layer for extra robustness).

The frame rate (FR) of a video plays an important role in affecting the perceptual video quality. Most studies about the effect of FR on the video quality mainly focused on low frame rate, e.g. less than 30 frames per second (fps), at low resolutions like CIF or QCIF. As the video frame rate and resolution advance, we reconsider this issue and investigate the relationship between frame rate and the perceptual video quality under high frame rate and high resolution. In this paper, we discuss the impact of frame rate on the perceptual quality of High Definition (HD) video with high frame rates (up to 120 fps) considered. Firstly, we design and conduct subjective experiment to construct the video dataset, which includes video sequences at different frame rates and the corresponding mean opinion scores (MOS) which represent the perceptual video quality. Based on the MOS results, we analyze how perceptual video quality changes as frame rate varies among different video sequences and propose some meaningful findings. The video dataset will be made publicly available. We deem that this study will enrich video quality assessment and benefit the development of high frame rate and high definition video business.KeywordsVideo quality assessmentSubjective experienceHigh frame rateHigh definition

In order to make up for the deficiency of traditional industrial terminals such as high video transmission delay and low speed, this paper researches and designs a video transmission system based on 5G technology. 5G is the most disruptive technology in the industrial Internet field. It is characterized by high speed, low latency, large capacity, mobility, security, etc. This system takes advantage of Rockchip RK3399 as the core processor for video data processing and makes use of Huawei MH5000 5G industrial module to connect to 5G wireless network. The 5G terminal device transmits the video data to the server through the 5G network, and the video data is forwarded to the client through the server for display. In this paper, a video data transmission protocol is designed for the real-time transmission of UAV video. This protocol can reduce the delay of video capture and transmission to client display. This system compares and analyzes the video transmission effects of several wireless transmission schemes. A large number of experiments have verified that the 5G video transmission delay is 49ms and 23 frames per second, which meets the needs of industrial applications.

The IEEE 802.11n standard supports very high physical layer data rates using Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna technologies. Despite such high rates, High Definition (HD) video streaming is still challenging in WLAN deployments. In this paper, we show that the wireless channel probing overhead of existing 802.11n data rate adaptation mechanisms can be detrimental to HD video performance. We propose VARA, a Video-Aware Rate Adaptation protocol that addresses this problem by adapting the frequency and timing of wireless probing to both video encoding rate variations and wireless channel variations. In addition, VARA employs novel strategies that multiplex several Variable Bit Rate (VBR) HD video streams by minimizing their aggregate peak rate requirement. Our experimental evaluations for static and mobile scenarios in a MIMO 802.11n wireless testbed demonstrate the practical benefits of VARA over state-of-the-art 802.11n rate adaptation protocols.

High capacity IEEE802.11 networks are increasingly supporting data intensive applications. Most of streaming applications are using high quality variable rate traffic which includes HD (High Definition) and UHD (Ultra High Definition) video streaming sources. Such services demand fair QoE for all end users which requires high network QoS as well as inter and intra service fairness. It is a challenging task to offer service fairness in a random access network due to nondeterministic resource allocation techniques. In this paper, we propose two video packet scheduling algorithms for the 802.11 MAC protocol which can offer high QoS as well as fairness among video streams transmitted on the downlink using the IEEE802.11ac MAC protocol. The first algorithm is the FRATXOP that allocates transmission resources for each flow based on experienced network congestion levels to improve throughput of HD and SD video connections. The second algorithm the EAS (Enhanced Access Scheduler) operates in conjunction with the FRA-TXOP to fairly allocate transmission resources to maintain fairness among all video streams. A ns-3 simulation model was developed to evaluate the performance of the above algorithms and compare with the standard IEEE802.11ac MAC protocol. Simulation results show that proposed algorithms can enhance the high network QoS as well as maintain high QoE fairness among all end video users.

Multiresolution (MR) transmission of compressed video is performed using subbands. The subband decomposition is used for both hierarchical estimation of the motion and encoding of the motion-compensated error frame. With this approach, the video at a given resolution embeds lower-resolution video. Frequency roll-off of higher-frequency subbands is used to obtain visually pleasing low-resolution videos at low-bit rates. It is well known that the transmission of higher-resolution video requires finely quantized low-resolution video. The necessary refinement of the coarsely quantized low-resolution video is made by using multistage quantization. A novel technique is introduced to improve the performance of conventional multistage quantization. Simulation of a three-resolution MR coding system were made on a monochrome MIT test HD (high-definition) video, which is 30 frames long at 30 frames/s with 1600*960 8-bit pixels per frame.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

High Efficiency Video Coding standard is an advanced and widely used video coding standard in recent high-definition (HD) video application. This video codec faces many challenges during the video transmission over lower bandwidth channel. One of the main challenges is the noise removal from HD video sequences. For noise removal, this video codec has in-loop filters specifically. Although these loop filters are efficient, they are not effective in removing rain pattern from the video sequences. To overcome this problem, a denoising filter has to be added to the loop filters. For denoising, an optimized multi-delay block frequency domain (OMBFD) adaptive filter is presented in this paper. Based on the intensity of raindrop, it is identified from the successive video frames. Then, these predicted raindrops are removed using the existing loop filters. Nevertheless, still, noises present in the frame are removed using the proposed OMBFD filter. To control the process of filtering, the exponential forgetting factor which is used in the proposed denoising filter is optimized using firefly optimization algorithm. Simulation results show the proposed denoising algorithm affords promising performance improvement compared to other denoising filters.

The high definition television (HDTV) system is introduced to microneurosurgery. Five cases with intracranial lesions: three cerebral aneurysms (giant aneurysms of the anterior communicating artery and internal carotid artery, aneurysm of the basilar artery), one acoustic neurinoma and one skull base meningioma, were operated on under the microscope using the HDTV system. The surgical procedures of each case were relayed and recorded by the system. In two of the five cases, we used two sets of HDTV system to produce stereoscopic projection. The HDTV system provided us with images of superior quality with a distinctly greater resolution than ordinary video systems.

High-definition television was described in 1935 by the Selsdon Committee as having not less than 240 lines per picture. Public transmission of an interlaced 405-line service commenced in 1936 and lasted until 1985, having been gradually displaced by 625-line colour. Today, high definition means more than 1000 lines, and is unlikely to be broadcast from conventional terrestrial transmitters.This Address reviews the development of terrestrial television transmission technology from the, pre-war Baird/Marconi-EMI trials, through the period of post-war Band I and III expansion to the introduction of u.h.f. and the ultimate realization in the United Kingdom of one of the most highly developed and effective colour transmission networks anywhere in the world.