HIGH-TECH MARKET DEVELOPMENT TRENDS IN UKRAINE

Purpose. Given the global technological trends, identify conceptual approaches to technical and technological modernization of the agricultural production as a key element of sustainable development of the real sector of the economy of Ukraine and strategic directions of agricultural science research. Methods. Monographic, system analysis, abstract and logical. Results. It has been established that in the conditions of global climatic changes, the basis of the formation of highly automated agriculture will be flexible ecologically oriented technological processes in agricultural production, built on fundamentally new technical and technological foundations, namely: intellectualization, digitalization, complex automation and robotization. The concept of development of high-tech agricultural production of Ukraine has been developed based on the principles of sustainable development and the innovative concept “Industry 4.0”, which will ensure high and sustainable economic growth of the agricultural sector, the development of domestic agricultural machinery and related sectors of the economy. Strategic tasks for agricultural science on the development of the technical and technological base of highly automated agricultural production are identified. Conclusions. The study of modern trends in the development of the economies of advanced countries and their effectiveness give grounds for asserting that the specified strategic directions of technical and technological modernization of the agricultural sector will be the basis for the formation of an effective model for the development of high-tech agricultural climate-oriented production in Ukraine. Keywords: climate change, high-tech production, agriculture, technology, intellectualization, automation, mechanical engineering.

Subject. This article discusses industrial enterprises focused on high-tech production. Objectives. The article aims to outline the areas for further development of the high-tech manufacturing sector. Methods. For the study, we used analysis and synthesis, comparison, and grouping. Results. The article finds that to date there is no consensus on the list of indicators and criteria that characterize high-tech production. The article offers a list of indicators that can help assess the state and determine the further development of high-tech production at industrial enterprises of the Russian Federation. Conclusions. At industrial enterprises focused on high-tech production, it is necessary to develop a fixed assets management system that will help timely management decisions be made regarding their renovation and modernization.

Introduction. The reform of the agro-industrial production of Ukraine radically changed the organizational and economic conditions of the functioning of dairy enterprises and other structures engaged in the processing and sale of dairy products. This led to a fundamentally new relationship between product producers and product consumers, and led to a sharp decline in the production of milk and dairy products. The future of milk production by agricultural enterprises largely depends on the influence of general trends in the development of world agriculture and the market. In the last five years, it has been growing. There are approximately 230 million productive dairy cows; the yield of one cow varies from 2,200 to 9,800 kg in the regions of the world. Methods. Generally accepted methods and techniques were used in the process of conducting the research: a set of scientific methods of the abstract and logical method (induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, analogies and comparisons, formalization) in the development of theoretical provisions on the substantiation of organizational and economic factors of increasing efficiency. The economic and statistical method was used when conducting an analysis of quantitative and qualitative indicators of the effectiveness of the functioning of dairy enterprises, in particular its methods: comparison (comparison of the data of the reporting year with the corresponding indicators of previous years); grouping (to identify cause-and-effect relationships between features), series of dynamics (tracking of temporal changes in indicators of the activity of agricultural enterprises and households - milk producers), analytical information is displayed using graphic and tabular methods. Results. It has been proven that ensuring food security within the physiological norms of consumption of dairy products of Ukrainian production can be guaranteed by the development of high-tech production, due to increasing the productivity of cows and the creation of systematized dairy zones on the territory of Ukraine. At the same time, it is necessary to provide state assistance in the construction and reconstruction of milk processing enterprises according to world standards on a corporate basis. This will make it possible to produce export-oriented products, creating added value. Discussion. In the post-war period of revival of the agrarian economy, the development of dairy farming should be carried out on the basis of a comprehensive program that includes all components of the agro-food chain of movement of milk from the producer to the final consumer. In addition, the development of incentives for the reorientation of agricultural enterprises - producers of plant products to dairy cattle breeding - is timely. Keywords: milk, production, agricultural enterprises, households, milk processing enterprises.

Досліджено основні тенденції розвитку страхового ринку України. Охарактеризовано страховий ринок як стратегічно важливий та перспективний сегмент економіки і джерело внутрішніх довгострокових інвестицій в національну економіку, зокрема в модернізацію виробничої інфраструктури. Визначено сутність інвестиційної діяльності страхових компаній у сфері виробничої інфраструктури. Страхові компанії можна віднести до установ, яким притаманна можливість продукувати насамперед довгострокові інвестиційні ресурси, дефіцит яких спостерігається в українській економіці. Простежено зростання інвестиційних ринків України, що значною мірою може бути забезпечено завдяки ефективному використанню страхових ресурсів вітчизняних страхових компаній. Вказано, що інвестиційна функція страхового ринку реалізується через розміщення тимчасово вільних засобів у цінні папери, депозити банків, нерухомість тощо. Виявлено основні джерела інвестиційної діяльності страхових компаній – власні кошти (статутний фонд, резервний фонд, прибуток, цільове фінансування і надходження) та залучені кошти (поточне надходження страхових премій, резерви страхових внесків та відшкодувань, фонд запобіжних заходів). Запропоновано напрями вдосконалення державного регулювання інвестиційної діяльності страхових компаній: вдосконалення законодавчої бази та ринку капіталів, щоб забезпечити ефективне функціонування страхових компаній у сфері інвестування.

On the basis of the analytical research the peculiarities of the meat processing enterprises functioning of Ukraine were identified, quantitative and qualitative trends of the meat and meat products market in Ukraine were investigated, factors influencing its development prospects were determined. The article points out that cattle meat production in Ukraine has been declining annually and has been unprofitable for the last 20 years. At the same time, it is proved that the meat industry in Ukraine has significant reserves and great prospects for development, the successful implementation of which is possible only if the negative phenomena and processes in the agricultural sector are overcome. The paper investigates that over the past year, there has been some increase in meat production, with a marked decrease in beef, veal and pork meat production and an increase in poultry meat production. The main problems of the industry and the ways of overcoming them in the current economic conditions are outlined. The main leaders of producers of meat products in Ukraine are highlighted. The dynamics of the poultry population and the production of this type of meat are discussed. The structure of livestock farming by agricultural enterprises and private farms is considered. The dynamics of the structure of meat production in Ukraine by types compared to 2014 and 2018 is provided. The desired market capacity, which could meet the needs of Ukrainians in the rational consumption of meat products, is 3.432 billion tons, but the actual consumption reaches only 2.295 billion tons, which is 66.9 % of the rational indicator. Among the main effective ways of providing market capacity are: increasing the availability of goods by introducing individual assistance to low-income categories of the population; an increase in the consumption of products outside the home, which will necessitate an increase in real wages; elimination in the food markets of non-equivalent product exchange; development of a balanced range of products at meat processing enterprises. Keywords: meat processing companies, meat and meat products market, meat and meat products production, poultry meat, turkey meat.

To strengthen national competitiveness and sustainability, the high-tech industry has been developed as the center of gravity of industrial development in each country, covering the development of new products and the expansion to new customers and markets. Although both aspects are indispensable to high-tech firms’ growth momentum and competitive advantages, it is difficult to develop them at the same time. In recent years, scholars have been paying an increasing amount of attention to the significance of organizational ambidexterity in different management fields. Importantly, transformed high-tech firms are obliged to manage the tensions and conflicts that arise from the exploration of new knowledge and the exploitation of existing knowledge to find an appropriate balance between the two to yield synergistic effects. In this study, an original method was used to measure differences in the degree of ambidexterity. The method establishes a multiplicative term of exploration and exploitation to represent the degree of effect of ambidexterity. The higher the exploration and exploitation are, the higher the degree of ambidexterity will be. This study takes as its objects electronics manufacturing firms in Taiwan that engage in the development of new high-tech products. We issued a total of 1000 questionnaires to electronics manufacturing firms in Taiwan and received 228 valid ones. The results indicate that exploitation has a positive effect on performance, and there is an inverse U-shaped correlation between exploration/exploitation and performance. Ambidexterity and its interaction with the market orientation were found to have a positive influence on organizational performance. We also investigated the extent to which an organization places emphasis on resources and the influence of resource allocation on organizational performance. We suggest that the co-existence of exploration and exploitation is important to organizational performance. Accordingly, developing the two capabilities at the same time conforms to the concept of ambidexterity.

The purpose of the article is to study and substantiate the mechanisms and instruments for financing innovation and high-tech production in the aerospace sector. The object of research is the system of financing innovation. The subject of the research is the peculiarities of the world and domestic system of financing innovations in the aerospace sector. The methodological base of the work includes the fundamental provisions of theories and concepts of innovation, conceptual approaches to the financing of innovations. Research methods: theoretical generalization, analysis and synthesis, induction, deduction, classification and comparison, theoretical methods, including systems analysis, economic, statistical and graphical research methods. The article considers the theoretical foundations of financing innovation, studies the world experience of development and financing of high-tech production. It is established that the aerospace sector of the economy is the most perspective area of innovative development and ensuring the global competitiveness of countries. And as one of the most high-tech areas, it requires significant funds for further development. The main sources of funding for the aerospace sector, as well as most other innovative areas, are government agencies and funds, banks, business angels, venture funds, incubators, accelerators, private investment companies. One of the most successful companies in the field of space technology is SpaceX. Being on the verge of bankruptcy, the company managed to attract funds from the state and successfully continue its own activities. Today, SpaceX uses a variety of funding sources, ranging from government contracts and grants to venture funding from the world's leading venture capital companies and famous business angels. The paper notes that the general state of the aerospace sector of Ukraine is characterized by insufficient state funding, lack of development of private companies. Based on the results of the study, the authors substantiated the ways of implementing world experience and priority areas of activity to ensure the stable development of innovative activities in the aerospace sector. The research results can be used for scientific substantiation and further creation of appropriate conditions for the development of innovative activities, in particular, ensuring an appropriate state system for financing innovation, the development of private companies in the aerospace sector, an increase in the interest of investment companies in Ukrainian aerospace activities, the formation of international relations in the aerospace sector.

Purpose: To overview the white head cabbage market in Ukraine, outline major problems, assess production capacity, and determine directions for improving efficiency in the future. Methods. Mathematical/statistical methods, grouping, analysis of time series, abstract-logical and dialectical approaches of cognition. Results. The current state of white head cabbage production in Ukraine is discussed. The shares of this crop in the total sown area and gross vegetable production have been determined; data on the location of white head cabbage production in different natural-climatic zones of Ukraine and farm categories have been summarized. The causes restraining the effective development of this segment of the vegetable market have been elucidated; they include outdated technologies and lack of innovations; few facilities for finishing, packaging, storage, and processing; lack of professional branding and effective infrastructure; weak development of agro-logistics; non-compliance of domestic vegetable products with European standards. The general strategy and priority areas of scientific support for future white head cabbage production in the context of integration processes are outlined. Conclusions. As the material well-being of the population rises, the food basket structure changes towards increased consumption of vegetables, including white cabbage. To justify the future development of vegetable growing in Ukraine, one should be guided by this benchmark, along with the expediency of the maximum use of the available natural and economic potentials for white head cabbage production. The further development of white head cabbage production in Ukraine must be directed towards high-intensity production based on the scientifically sound introduction of new high-yielding cultivars and hybrids with good palatability. At the same time, in the future, technical re-equipment of vegetable growing, development of information support, creation of marketing services, and development of market infrastructure will be required.

The purpose of the article is to assess the current state of the grain market in Ukraine and to justify approaches to choosing effective areas for its stabilization and increasing the competitiveness of grain on the world market in the post-war period. The following methods were used in the research: factor analysis to identify the influence of various factors on the level of grain competitiveness; the statistical method when determining the variation in the volume of grain production; the calculation and construction method for calculating the areas of implementation of climate technologies and the scope of investment required; forecasting when determining the amount of greenhouse gas emissions for grain crops; the abstract logical method when formulating conclusions. It was established that the strategic orientation of further grain market development in Ukraine should contribute to its stabilization and increase in the grain competitiveness on the world market in the post-war period, subject to compliance with the requirements of the European Green Deal on the transition to a climate-neutral circular economy by 2050. The stabilization of the volume of grain production in Ukraine at the level of 65-70 million tons and the restoration of soil fertility will be facilitated by the wider use of climate technologies (minimum tillage, organic farming, irrigation systems, etc.) in combination with the reduction of plowing-up of agricultural lands. The forecast of greenhouse gas emissions for grain crops for 2030 was performed in accordance with the indicators of the Updated Nationally Determined Contribution to the Paris Agreement, and the amount of required funding was determined. The proposed system of measures to stabilize the grain market in Ukraine in the post-war period will ensure market balance between supply and demand, coordination of the interests of players on this market, and increase the competitiveness of products on the world market without deteriorating the quality of land resources.

The development of a High-Tech Product requires the following ingredients: new and innovative ideas based on the creativity of the developers and the research accomplishments in the relevant field, careful selection of the best solution taking into consideration the global markets, the available and required knowledge of the participants, an assessment of the costs, development time, manufacturing capacities, adaptability of the work structures integrated into the development and design network.

Purpose. The aim of the article is to study the role of innovations in the development of the modern economy, the need to expand sources of their financing and, based on the study of the legislative basis of innovative entities in Ukraine, the formulation of the concept and substantive essence of innovation parks. Methodology of research. The following research methods were used to achieve the goal: analysis and synthesis, abstract and logical – to characterize the state of innovative activity of the entrepreneurial sector of Ukraine, substantiating the need to create a suitable investment and innovation environment for the commercialization of innovations; monographic and comparative – for studying the existing legislative and legal basis for the creation and functioning of scientific, technological, industrial, and innovation parks in Ukraine, identifying their features; graphic – for visualization of research results. Findings. The need to intensify the innovative activity of business entities as the only effective way of economic development in modern conditions is substantiated. The fact of low innovative activity of Ukrainian enterprises due to insufficient financing of innovations, lack of due attention to the existing problem on the part of state bodies and local self-government bodies, effective mechanisms of commercialization of scientific developments, etc. was established. With the beginning of hostilities, the revitalization of the innovative activity of enterprises in the defence sector of the economy as one of the most high-tech has been identified in Ukraine. The sources of financing innovations, their features and conditions of use are characterized. The need for the creation and development of innovation parks in Ukraine to establish effective communication between the participants of the innovation and investment process is substantiated. The latest approaches to the interpretation of the concepts of various innovative entities (parks) in Ukraine were considered, the legislative interpretation of each of them was analysed, and a number of debatable issues were revealed in it. The own concept of the innovation park, its content and role in the development of the economy was formulated. Originality. On the basis of the analysis of the legislative basis of the functioning of scientific, technological, industrial and innovation parks in Ukraine, the own concept of the innovation park is formulated, and the author's definition of its content is given. Practical value. The formulated concept of the innovation park, the definition of its essence can be of practical importance in terms of intensification of the innovative activities of enterprises, the production of high-tech innovative products, the development of innovative entrepreneurship and a positive impact on urbanism. Key words: innovation, innovative activity, economic development, investment, innovation park, science park, technology park, industrial park, innovation activity, innovative products, concept of innovation park, inter-subject cooperation, institutional platform.

Information is provided on the current state of the grain subcomplex in Belarus, in particular the Minsk region. The necessity of further development of high-tech agroindustrial production of a full cycle of in-depth processing of key grain crops on the basis of the Belarusian National Biotechnology Corporation is substantiated. This can help to increase the profitability of the main farms of the Minsk region.

Introduction. The modern development of the market of agricultural products in Ukraine actualizes important theoretical and practical problems of domestic agricultural science, directly attesting to the practical result of the state agricultural policy. There is still no single theoretical and methodological approach to assessing and diagnosing value and price disproportions in agricultural products due to regional differences, as well as directions of development of the organized agricultural market as an important institution in the context of reducing price asymmetry in the market of agricultural products, which determined the relevance of the topic of the article. Methods. The research is based on the use of general and specific methods of research within the methodological tools of modern economics, in particular, the dialectical method, analysis and synthesis, logical-historical, comparison, graphic, economic-statistical, etc. Results. The article substantiates the main economic aspects of the diagnosis of value and price disproportions of agricultural products and the functioning of the organized agricultural market in Ukraine. The peculiarities of diagnostics of price asymmetry on the example of strategic agricultural products - grain are revealed, on the basis of actual economic data the key tendencies of development of researched process in the context of regional levels and functioning of the organized stock exchange sector are defined. Discussion. Considering the priorities of price asymmetry and creating of modern mechanism for the functioning of the agricultural market, prospects for eliminating price disparities and forming an organized market for agricultural products are defined. The prospect of further research on this issue should be based on taking into account the cost and price asymmetry for agricultural products, the existence of phenomena of price asymmetry of various types in order to form an organized agricultural market, which would reduce or eliminate the negative effects of price disparities on agricultural products. Keywords: price, price asymmetry, regional pricing, market of agricultural products, organized agricultural market, stock exchange, stock market of agricultural products.

В статті проведено дослідження стану позицій України на світовому ринку зерна за останні 5 років. Одночасно відмітимо, що Україна має одні з найбільш сприятливих умов у світі для вирощування зернових культур. Значні площі земельних ресурсів високої якості та сприятливі кліматичні умови визначають визнаний високий експортний потенціал сільського господарства для міжнародної торгівлі. Саме в цих аспектах відображається актуальність обраної теми наукових досліджень даної публікації.
 Проведені дослідження підтверджують, що зерновий ринок України глибоко інтегрований у світовий аграрний ринок. Частка виробництва зернових України у загальному світовому виробництві зернових за 2015-2019 рр. коливалась в межах 3%, а сама Україна входить в десятку країн-лідерів виробників зернових культур. Що стосується експорту зернових культур, то його частка за 2015-2019 рр. коливалась від 10,7% до 13,6%. У 2019 році Україна увійшла до ТОП-5 експортерів зернових культур.
 Позиції України на світовому ринку зерна зростатимуть і в майбутньому, оскільки зростатиме попит і країна має значний нереалізований виробничий потенціал, який визначається такими двома чинниками, як майже вдвічі нижчі показники врожайності основних зернових культур, ніж у інших країн-лідерів та найвищі показники у світі родючості українських земель. Основними перспективними напрямами підвищення конкурентоспроможності вітчизняного зерна на світовому ринку є ріст обсягів виробництва зерна та зростання його урожайності за рахунок залучення іноземних інвестицій для оновлення матеріально-технічної бази; покращення якості зерна і поглиблення його переробки; оптимізація землеволодіння та землекористування; подальший розвиток ринкової інфраструктури; раціональне державне регулювання, подолання корупції на зерновому ринку.

The goals of the article are a definition of patterns of change in demand and supply of milk and dairy in the market of Ukraine and revealing the regularities of establishing of partial equilibrium state. The scientific methods which used in the process of the research: simulation was used for defining trends of supply and demand changing and their balancing in the dairy market; economic and statistical method was used for estimation of tendencies of production and consumption of dairy products in Ukraine; analysis and synthesis were used to find out the reasons that determine the trends of supply and demand changes; tabular and graphical methods were used for clearness of the image of the obtained research results; abstract-logical method was used for the formulation of conclusions. Results of the researching: Trends of demand and supply changes in the dairy market in the 2016 year was estimated. Specifics of establishing the state of partial equilibrium in that market were characterized relative to the main groups of its participants as producers and consumers. Development of methodological and practical aspects of features of establishing the state of market equilibrium in the dairy market, unlike existing, is based on a model basis is still actual. The practical significance of those results consists in working out of the tool of justification of managerial decisions for assessing the state and creating regulatory measures for sectoral development.