Human–Computer Interaction

The purpose of this study is to discuss approaches for developing human–computer interaction (HCI) in educational technology (ET) based on definitions of visual design, learning variables and user-interface design principles in the field of instructional design and technology (IDT). We will do in several stages, first, we will review historical definitions of HCI and its developments in education and considerations for defining visual literacy for learning with instructional design (ID) models. Then, we will review each definition of visual principles for user interface design (UID) or user experience design (UED) and learning from screens. HCI and its roles with the perceptional approach will be discussed as previous definitions in the type of theories such as cognitive load, activity and paying particular attention to primary concepts included in each definition based on the ID model approach. We will also present some of the historical criticisms of the definitions, which provided designing and developing user interfaces. The process should indicate or address possible performance design approaches in ID steps for developing learning and teaching in learning environments as well as developing UID or UED in ET. This also indicates approaches in philosophy of ET and its theory, definition and applications of new technologies as well as UID or UED perspectives and visual design variables. In this study, we review the visual design techniques from past to present that multimedia project design teams should follow the strategies and rules for designing learning environments in industry, business and military based on philosophy of ET and HCI design with ID models by using the newest technologies. The process compares both understanding global UID or UED requirements and visual strategies and considerations for research and product design by ID models. The steps include recognising terminology in ET practice concept, psychological, technological and pedagogical foundations in ID as well as ET approaches and using visual rules for conducting multimedia projects in last decays. At the end of the study, conceptions of ET, ID models and HCI will be discussing to indicate design standards for multimedia projects in the field of IDT. We will also present the relationships between ET and designing problems for creating instructional materials in education. All steps in visual design, UID, UED and HCI design based on philosophical approaches and evaluations in the field are given at the end of the study. Keywords: User interface design, visual designs, human–computer interaction (HCI), user experience design, educational technology, IDT

In this paper, a method-mix (cultural dimensions, intercultural variables, user interface characteristics and human computer interaction (HCI) dimensions) for intercultural user interface design (IUID) is presented. Based on a hybrid approach covering cultural contexts in human–computer interaction (HCI) design using a model of culturally influenced HCI, this IUID method-mix represents the main constituent of a reasonable toolbox for IUID. The IUID method-mix is exemplified by application examples to demonstrate and discuss its benefit and limitations. The examples elucidate why and how cultural aspects play a role in HCI design and usability/UX engineering. Cultural influence on HCI is described using cultural variables for user interface design. The IUID method-mix serves to inspire HCI engineers in the requirement analysis phase as well as HCI designers in the design phase. The readers are sensitized to the challenges of intercultural usability/UX engineering and intercultural HCI design and will be equipped with relevant methodological knowledge needed to actively derive design recommendations for user interface design for and in their desired cultural contexts. Practitioners can prognosticate the ensuing effort and the expenditure for considering cultural context in intercultural user interface design.

Nuclear power plants design is moving toward a wider use of digital computers, especially microprocessors, in information and control systems. The amount of automation and the role of the operator are under discussion in many countries. The view of the operator’s role presently varies. The main opinions can be summarized as follows: 1. Move toward a high degree of automation, fostering the machine role. 2. Use of computer-generated procedures providing information to skilled operators for them to make the final decision. 3. Use of digital systems to help the operator identify problems, decide on the appropriate corrective actions and aid in the execution of those actions. Tecnatom, S.A. has developed an integrated Human Factor Engineering (HFE) methodology, based on international regulations and experience obtained from several national and international projects, combining technology, organization and human elements to generate a Human-Centered Design. Human Factor Engineering (HFE) is the application of the knowledge of human capabilities and characteristics to develop equipment, facilities and systems. With the application of this knowledge, human performance, and therefore system performance, can be dramatically improved. Man/machine systems designed with the human as a key element are inherently safer and more reliable than those that are not. Until recently, design of these human-equipment interfaces has been secondary to “pure hardware” design; that is, equipment and facilities were designed without formal consideration of the implications for operators. Our approach is to systematically apply an HFE methodology that will produce: a) Human-System Interfaces that are easy, friendly to and consistent for the operators. b) Simulator-Assisted Engineering platforms for validation activities in the logic, control and human-system interface areas. c) Training Programs based on the systematic analysis of job and task requirements. d) Procedures derived from the same design process and analyses as the Human-System Interface and Training. Application of good HFE methodology during system development, implementation and operation is, from our point of view, vital for optimal system performance regarding operation activities. “A disciplined approach to HFE helps ensure that humans are considered integral system components, requiring careful consideration of how they will interact with their equipment.”

Event-related potential and oscillatory cortical activities of artistic methodology in information visualization design in human–computer interface

Human-computer interaction for virtual-real fusion

<p>This dissertation discusses human-computer interaction, and the role of user interfaces in use and design from the point-of-view of human activity theory. Human-computer interaction conducted in purposeful human work is in focus. The main idea is that a computer application, from the user's perspective, is not something that the user operates on but something that the user operates through on other objects or subjects.</p><p>The contents of the report is the following: Danish Summary; Introduction; Human Activity and Human-Computer Interaction; User Interface Design -- the Empirical Cases; User Interfaces; Methods for User Interface Design; User Interface Design -- Advice to the Designer.</p>

This paper examines distributed design that involved educational science, information and communication technology (ICT) and human–computer interaction (HCI) specialists collaboratively designing a learning application. The design process is characterized by coordinating, contributing, contesting and representing. The HCI specialists “represented the user”, but users remained silent during the design process. The design work was dominated by ‘coordinating’ activity, but also ‘proposing’ and ‘evaluating’ activities were prominent. The educational science specialists were the most active ones in the design discussions, heavily involved in ‘proposing’ and ‘coordinating’ activities. The HCI specialists were involved in those as well, but distinctly contributed through ‘evaluating’ activity. Interestingly, also ‘challenging’ and ‘ignoring’ activities characterized the distributed design process among the educational science specialists and HCI specialists: design emerged as a political, conflictual process. The very limited ICT support for distributed design became also accentuated. This study opens up interesting avenues for future research in this respect.

Cities in Citizens’ Hands

The design of mobile device interfaces is an area that has started to be addressed in the human computer interaction (HCI) community during the past few years. While previous work on handheld interface design has focused on overall usability aspects, security related design issues have only been minimally addressed. An example of a security interface is an authentication interface as used by electronic commerce (e-commerce) web sites. The paper opens with a review of prior research on secure interface design. Results of a usability evaluation targeting authentication interfaces as accessed on mobile devices is presented. To illustrate design aspects of an authentication interface, a discussion of the eBay authentication interface is then discussed. Recommended guidelines are proposed for designing authentication interfaces as accessed via mobile devices.

To attract more users and promote purchase habits, social e-commerce platforms constantly propose new interaction techniques and marketing strategies. "Xiaohongshu" immediately became famous due to its popular "grass-planting" function. The platform established the "Sales through note-sharing" approach to interrupt the cycle of "planting without uprooting." The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors influencing online purchase intention of the "Xiaohongshu" Sales through note-sharing model from a human-computer interaction standpoint, as well as the relationships between these factors. To do this, we expanded on the TAM model by including five variables: social identity, social comparison, and knowledge sharing Willingness, interface design, and purchase intention form 12 hypotheses. We gathered 287 valid replies from "Xiaohongshu" users and tested them with SPSS and AMOS. According to the study findings, interface design has a greater impact on purchase intention than knowledge-sharing willingness and behavioral intention to use. Interface design significantly influences knowledge sharing Willingness and social identity significantly influence social comparison, which in turn significantly affects interface design. These results underscore the crucial role of interaction factors, particularly interface design, in purchase intention and the Sales through note-sharing model. This suggests that "Xiaohongshu" can enhance the Sales through note-sharing model by improving interface design to further enhance users' purchase intention and solidify the "grass-planting and uprooting" loop. In theoretical terms, this study extends the TAM model by integrating social factors (social identity, social comparison, knowledge sharing willingness) and interaction factors (interface design), enriching research in the fields of online purchasing and human-computer interaction on social e-commerce platforms. It also provides relevant insights for stakeholders.

The challenges of designing computer support for education have shifted considerably in recent years, with, e.g., the rapid growth of the Web, online learning and social networking. New human–computer interaction (HCI) design approaches, methods, tools and theories are now required to analyze and understand interactions and learning of online groups. This chapter first reviews a number of issues related to the new software and pedagogy challenges. It then presents the approach of the VMT research project to address these issues by combining support for integrated synchronous and asynchronous collaboration media. The VMT system integrates a lobby, small-group chat rooms, multiple shared work spaces and community wiki pages to foster learning at the individual, small-group and community levels. The use of this system for a college HCI course is reported. The VMT Project illustrates the application of design-based research to system development, the theory of group cognition as a conceptual framework and an adaptation of chat interaction analysis for HCI design.

Digital advertising is increasingly embedded within contemporary human–computer interaction (HCI) environments, where advertisements function not only as persuasive messages but also as structural elements of digital interfaces. Despite the rapid growth of online advertising, research examining how interface design influences advertising effectiveness remains fragmented across HCI, communication science, and marketing. This study synthesizes interdisciplinary research on how HCI-related interface variables affect visual advertising attention, avoidance, and persuasion outcomes. A systematic literature review following the PRISMA 2020 framework was conducted using four major databases: Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and the ACM Digital Library. The review covers peer-reviewed studies published between 2000 and 2025 that combine HCI methodologies—such as eye-tracking, usability evaluation, interaction logging, and user experience measurement—with advertising outcomes including attention, recall, persuasion, and avoidance. A total of 118 studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed using narrative synthesis. The findings indicate that advertising effectiveness is strongly shaped by interface-level variables including visual complexity, animation, interactivity, aesthetic congruence, and user task context. Visual attention operates through a dual-pathway mechanism in which bottom-up visual salience interacts with top-down goal-directed browsing behavior, explaining phenomena such as banner blindness. The review highlights the need for stronger theoretical integration between HCI and communication-based persuasion frameworks.

In recent years, gesture recognition and speech recognition, as important input methods in Human–Computer Interaction (HCI), have been widely used in the field of virtual reality. In particular, with the rapid development of deep learning, artificial intelligence, and other computer technologies, gesture recognition and speech recognition have achieved breakthrough research progress. The search platform used in this work is mainly the Google Academic and literature database Web of Science. According to the keywords related to HCI and deep learning, such as “intelligent HCI”, “speech recognition”, “gesture recognition”, and “natural language processing”, nearly 1000 studies were selected. Then, nearly 500 studies of research methods were selected and 100 studies were finally selected as the research content of this work after five years (2019–2022) of year screening. First, the current situation of the HCI intelligent system is analyzed, the realization of gesture interaction and voice interaction in HCI is summarized, and the advantages brought by deep learning are selected for research. Then, the core concepts of gesture interaction are introduced and the progress of gesture recognition and speech recognition interaction is analyzed. Furthermore, the representative applications of gesture recognition and speech recognition interaction are described. Finally, the current HCI in the direction of natural language processing is investigated. The results show that the combination of intelligent HCI and deep learning is deeply applied in gesture recognition, speech recognition, emotion recognition, and intelligent robot direction. A wide variety of recognition methods were proposed in related research fields and verified by experiments. Compared with interactive methods without deep learning, high recognition accuracy was achieved. In Human–Machine Interfaces (HMIs) with voice support, context plays an important role in improving user interfaces. Whether it is voice search, mobile communication, or children’s speech recognition, HCI combined with deep learning can maintain better robustness. The combination of convolutional neural networks and long short-term memory networks can greatly improve the accuracy and precision of action recognition. Therefore, in the future, the application field of HCI will involve more industries and greater prospects are expected.

The emphasis of human-computer interaction (HCI) design on the technology and computer action tends to obscure consideration of the contribution of the computer interface to the service interaction. This chapter suggests that since a majority of commercial information systems support or provide services, the nature and progression of the service encounter should be a key concern of human computer interface designers. The chapter proposes the concept of service-oriented HCI in which HCI design is derived from service design, dialog is driven by customer needs and perceptions, activities that have led up to the service encounter are considered, and the service interaction dialog is aligned with the computer dialog. As part of service-oriented HCI, the chapter illustrates the use of scripting to examine ex-post the role of a computer interaction in a service encounter. It demonstrates that the computer dialog can drive the service interaction in such a way that the quality of the interaction is reduced and customer satisfaction affected. It concludes that the role of the computer system in a service interaction is an area for further research. Furthermore, script analysis may enable the development of human-computer dialogs that meet some of the criteria of service-oriented HCI.

In the contemporary digital era, individuals spend an increasing amount of time interacting with digital devices, leading to potential issues such as cognitive overload, digital fatigue, and diminished overall well-being. Traditional user interface (UI) designs often adopt a one-size-fits-all approach, failing to adapt to the dynamic cognitive and emotional states of users. This limitation can exacerbate negative user experiences and hinder productivity. Concurrently, the proliferation of digital interactions has produced vast amounts of behavioral data, including keystroke dynamics, which offer a non-invasive and continuous source of information about user states. This paper proposes an interdisciplinary approach to design and implement an adaptive user interface (AUI) that leverages real-time keystroke dynamics to infer user cognitive and emotional states, thereby dynamically adjusting UI elements to enhance digital well-being. Integrating principles from behavioral data analysis, human- computer interaction (HCI), and cognitive psychology, our research aims to address the critical need for more responsive and user-centric digital environments. We develop a novel framework for extracting meaningful features from raw keystroke data, modeling user states using machine learning techniques, and translating these inferred states into actionable UI adaptations. Through a series of controlled experiments, we demonstrate the efficacy of our AUI in mitigating cognitive load, improving task performance, and fostering a more positive user experience. Our findings highlight the significant potential of keystroke dynamics as a robust indicator of user well-being and provide a foundational blueprint for future advancements in intelligent and empathetic UI design. This work contributes to the growing body of knowledge at the intersection of technology, psychology, and design, paving the way for digital systems that are not only efficient but also inherently supportive of human flourishing.