Impact on Public Transport

Prelims

The four-step transportation planning methodology—trip generation, distribution, modal split, and traffic assignment—was developed decades ago and is still largely the platform of many existing models in practice. Nevertheless, in the past decade, new approaches have been developed to augment and improve components of this platform or to seek new modeling paradigms. It is timely to take inventory of what we have so far and to provide a preview of what lies ahead. In fact, in terms of methodological advances, improving the planning process to make it more accurate and reflective of reality is one important aspect. It is often criticized that the sequential four-step planning procedure, lacking feedback between steps, comes-up short of capturing actual behavior. Another aspect in methodological advances, equally important, is to broaden the consideration to include vital elements that were ignored in the past. Planning procedures that incorporate environmental and sustainability considerations are such good examples. This special issue is the first part of two issues on this topic. This special issue focuses on recent methodological advances in urban transportation planning; the upcoming issue pertains to emerging techniques for urban transportation planning. Four papers are contained in this special issue, as summarized below. The paper by Boyce, ‘‘Is the Sequential Travel Forecasting Paradigm Counterproductive?’’ provides an overview of the historical development and applications of the sequential travel forecasting procedure. The author questions the validity of the current paradigm, pointing to the shortcomings of considering the procedure as individual steps. The author then proposes a new travel-forecasting paradigm that integrates travel choices, leading to an integrated, internally consistent travel and route choice model. The paper by Black et al., ‘‘Sustainable Urban Transportation: Performance Indicators and Some Analytical Approaches,’’ begins by stating the importance of considering sustainability in urban transport planning and the lack of analytical tools for this purpose, including the lack of appropriate sustainability indicators. The authors then propose a study framework, define sustainability indicators, and depict tools for the analysis, using Sydney, Australia as a case study for illustration purposes. EDITORIAL

This study to analyze the development of Public Transportation in the application of smart cities in the United States, China, Italy, and Brazil. The result of public transportation services dramatically contributes to increase mobility, and safety, as well as having a positive impact in urban areas. This research method uses a qualitative approach to bibliometric analysis. The data source is taken from the Scopus and articles searched for the last ten years (2012-2021) using keywords smart city and public transportation. The data found, 293 articles, with the top four countries having the highest number of articles. United States by 41, China by 32, Italy by 23, and Brazil by 20. The data analysis technique in this study used the Nvivo12plus and Vosviwer. The study results there are three concept findings in the development of public transportation; mobility, policy, and connectivity. The four countries have different focuses on implementing public transportation. United States focuses on mobility, policy, and connectivity with indicators such as urban mobility, intelligent transportation management, and governance. China focuses on mobility and connectivity, smart urban mobility, criteria, infrastructure, economy, and the environment, China is not the policy concept. Italy and Brazil also focus on the idea of mobility and policy with indicators that focus on the progress of urban mobility analysis and efforts to improve the convenience of public transportation to increase demand. The concept of connectivity has not been a concern for Italy and Brazil. Within these four countries, the United States dominates the development of public transportation, because it has fulfilled the three concepts of public transportation, namely mobility, policy, and connectivity. It is hoped that from the analysis of the development of this research, the four countries can further improve technological advances based on the Intelligent Transport System (ITS) to make public transportation smarter.

Factors influencing the residential location choice of individuals working at an integrated township

In China, most cities do not utilize the function of public transportation priority development sufficiently. However, a good coordination between current public transportation development and urban development is the foundation to promote public transportation development. This paper introduces analyzing procedures of coordination between public transportation pattern and urban development, and uses the concept of a deviation coefficient to build a coordinate evaluation model between them, aiming to improve urban public transportation. By coordinating evaluation of Beijing public transportation pattern and urban development in 2011, and then recommending public transport priority development pattern of different sizes cities. It can provide quantitative reference to adjust and plan patterns for the city decision-making departments.

Examining the clustering characteristics and fluctuations within urban areas during peak hours through the lens of bike-sharing is of utmost importance in the optimization of bike-sharing systems and urban transportation planning. This investigation adopts the principles of urban spatial interaction network construction and employs streets as the fundamental units of analysis to model bike-sharing activities during morning and evening peak hours within Beijing’s six central districts. Subsequent to this, a comprehensive analysis of the network’s structural attributes was carried out. A Walktrap method, rooted in modularity analysis, was introduced to discern and scrutinize the clustering patterns and characteristics of communities within the network across different temporal intervals. Empirical findings reveal a predominant usage pattern of shared bicycles for short-distance travel during both morning and evening peak hours. Notably, distinctive community structures manifest during these periods, characterized by two large communities and multiple smaller ones during the morning peak, while the evening peak showcases a single large community alongside several medium-sized and smaller ones. Moreover, the extended interaction radius points to an expanded geographic range of interactions among streets. These findings bear significant implications for the management of urban transportation, bike-sharing enterprises, and urban residents, proffering valuable insights for the optimization of bike-sharing schemes and transportation strategies. These research findings not only contribute to enhancing urban transportation planning and bike-sharing systems but also provide robust guidance for advancing more efficient and sustainable urban transportation solutions, thereby fostering the sustainable development of cities.

The rapid growth of cities all over the world has inevitably led to the aggravation of economic, social and environmental problems. In this regard, developing «green», low-carbon, circular and other new economic models is necessary. Transport sector is an important source of greenhouse gas emissions and air pollutants. The purpose of this work is to assess the impact of urban public transport, especially electric buses, on the air quality. The authors have analyzed international and Russia’s experience of the low-carbon development of urban public transport and evaluated the environmental effects of transitioning to electric buses in Moscow using a regression model and data visualization tools. The results have shown that integrating electric buses into an urban transport system can be considered as a step towards the low-carbon development of the transport sector. The authors have identified a decrease in carbon monoxide (CO) pollution in the districts of Moscow where there are electric bus routes. Although the authors managed to demonstrate positive aspects of using e-buses instead of traditional ones, the proposed hypotheses were not fully confirmed due to limited data and a small number of electric bus routes at an early stage of the project. The results of the work can be used both in theoretical studies of sustainable development and practical implementation of programs for the low-carbon development of an urban transport network

In Iran, the implementation of public transport and non-motorized transport infrastructure warrants the need to allocate adequate funding from the state and city hall. In this regard, in city hall development plans (the format approved by the Ministry of Interior), urban transportation plan has been one of the ten chapters. The purpose of this paper is to survey the content and documents related to the allocation of funds to the traffic sector in the former development program of Kerman city hall and by the way, assess the role of human-oriented transportation among the plans and programs of Kerman city hall. Therefore, the amount of funds allocated to the transport sector in Kerman city hall development plans and programs has been investigated for a period of six years (2009-2014). Comparative analysis method is used for surveying the position and the importance of sustainable transport among planners and urban management. Kerman is the historical city and the most important city in the South East of Iran. Due to uncontrolled population growth in recent decades, a large number of cars added to its pathways, so it is required to have a plan of sustainable transportation programs to be evaluated traffic. Results of the analysis indicate that the budget allocated to the development of the vehicle-oriented transportation is much more than human-oriented transportation and in fact, human-oriented systems of transport such as walking and cycling are considered less than the others. Also in the old fabric of Kerman city that has formed on the basis of the human-oriented transportation, the lowest level of funding is intended to regulate transportation. With this description, it is clear that achieving sustainable development and human-oriented in urban transport sector, it fundamentally needs paradigm shift in urban transport development and revision in the attitudes of managers and planners, and in the meantime it is necessary to correct the programming cycle of urban development along with review of the allocating funds mechanism and to define projects in various sectors. Urban and transport planners can conduct municipalities projects with costing not too much and hereto provide non-motorized styles in the field of urban transport networks. If only allocated apart of the overall funding for roads, highways and city streets to the development of public transport and non-motorized transportation options, the impact would be very high.

Development of public transportation in the main steps to unravel traffic congestion in Surakarta City. Various alternative public transports are provided which are directly integrated, such as Batik Solo Trans (BST), city transportation, Werkudara-level buses, and railbus. Directly proportional to the number of public transportation equipment will have a major impact on the breakdown of traffic congestion that has occurred. There have been many people in Surakarta City who utilize integrated and sustainable public public transportation.

Introduction: This study assesses the economic feasibility of implementing electric buses in Juiz de Fora - MG, considering acquisition, operation, and maintenance costs compared to diesel models. The methodology is based on the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) analysis, considering factors such as charging infrastructure, energy consumption, government incentives, environmental impact, and public policies related to electromobility.The results indicate that, although electric buses present 24% lower maintenance costs and up to 88.9% reduction in electricity expenses when combined with solar energy, the high initial acquisition cost and the need for structural investments compromise their economic feasibility in the short term. Additionally, implementing charging infrastructure represents a significant financial challenge for public transport operators. However, the analysis shows that alternative financing models, such as battery leasing and public-private partnerships (PPPs), can mitigate some of the financial challenges. Furthermore, more robust public policies, such as government subsidies, tax exemptions, and differentiated electricity tariffs, are essential to enable the energy transition in the public transport sector. Thus, this study reinforces the need for economic and regulatory strategies to facilitate fleet electrification, making urban transport more efficient, sustainable, and economically accessible in the long run. Objective: This article aims to analyze the economic feasibility of implementing electric buses in public transport in Juiz de Fora - MG, considering acquisition, operation, and maintenance costs compared to diesel buses. To achieve this, factors such as energy efficiency, charging infrastructure, government incentive policies, and available financing models will be evaluated. Additionally, the study seeks to identify the challenges and opportunities associated with transitioning to an electric fleet in the city, providing subsidies for decision-making by public managers and transport companies. Theoretical Framework: The study highlights the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) analysis, financing models for electromobility, public policies for sustainable transport, and environmental impacts of fleet electrification, providing a solid foundation for understanding the research context. Method: The methodology adopted in this research follows a quantitative approach, based on Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) analysis and the economic feasibility assessment of fleet electrification. Data was collected from operational cost surveys, energy consumption analysis, and investments in charging infrastructure, supplemented by information from case studies and secondary sources, such as technical reports and industry regulations. Results and Discussion: The results revealed that, despite up to 24% lower maintenance costs and up to 88.9% electricity savings when using solar energy, the high initial cost of electric buses and charging infrastructure compromises their economic feasibility in the short term. In the discussion section, these results are contextualized within the theoretical framework, emphasizing the importance of government subsidies, tax incentives, and alternative financing models to enable fleet electrification. Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this research are discussed, providing insights into how the findings can influence sustainable mobility and electromobility practices. These implications include public policy planning for urban transport, the adoption of financing models for electric fleets, and the feasibility of integrating renewable energy into the sector. Additionally, the findings may contribute to strategies that reduce economic barriers and encourage the transition to a more efficient and sustainable public transport system. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by analyzing the economic feasibility of fleet electrification in a medium-sized city in Brazil, a topic still underexplored in local contexts. The innovative approach includes the integration of solar energy as an alternative to reducing operational costs, expanding the debate on sustainability in public transport. The relevance and value of this research are highlighted by its potential impact on public policy formulation, urban planning, and the adoption of more accessible financial models for energy transition in the mobility sector.

An examination of the territorial imbalance of the cruising activity in the main Mediterranean port destinations: Effects on sustainable transport

The implementation of BSS represents a key approach to enhance sustainable transportation patterns within cities. Public transportation stations at the end of travel routes can integrate BSS better to enhance both sustainable transportation alternatives and connectivity options. Research studies the potential benefits along with technological viability of linking BSS with Bus stations. A stated preference survey provides complete understanding of how people choose their travel modes. The survey allowed researchers to discover optimal sites and design framework for bicycle stations. The researcher used Geographic Information System (GIS) to choose suitable locations. Progress toward developing a BSS network requires consideration of three fundamental elements including population distribution pattern combined with land usage and transportation accessibility characteristics. The predicted results from this investigation will introduce better last-mile options. Academics exposed that BSS enhance accessibility through lowered traffic congestion alongside environmental improvements from reduced pollution levels alongside elevated physical exercise rates. The urban transport system achieves social equity through active promotion mechanisms. This study will focus on establishing the major obstacles that require solutions to enable smooth system unification. Relevant infrastructure along with amenities must be developed for this system to function properly. The delivery of services that cater to BSS users combined with security protection measures and access guarantees ensure infrastructure safety. The findings of this study demonstrate how this research establishes the success of the research provides essential knowledge about the sustainable development of Peshawar's urban transport network which benefits future policymakers and planners. Urban transportation planners together with public officials should use these findings when designing BSS system integration strategies.

The article provides some terms about Criteria, indicators, and indices, which are the pillars when building a set of criteria. The article also presents some experiences in building sustainable urban transport criteria by synthesizing some international criteria sets such as: German International Cooperation Agency (GIZ), US criteria, Singapore criteria, China criteria, and some criteria compiled by domestic urban transport researchers and briefly introduced some methods for developing criteria. Based on domestic and international experiences, the article evaluates and draws some issues about the group of criteria, the number of criteria in each group of criteria and about the component criteria. The contents synthesized in the article will contribute to the scientific basis for research on the field of sustainable urban transport development in Vietnam.

The increasing urban population and rapid growth in the number of vehicles have created significant challenges in managing urban traffic efficiently. Traditional traffic management systems, based on pre-timed signals and static infrastructure, often fail to adapt to real-time traffic fluctuations, leading to frequent congestion, delays, road accidents, and increased air pollution. In response to these challenges, the Smart Traffic Management System (STMS) presents a modern, technology-driven solution aimed at improving the efficiency, safety, and sustainability of urban transportation networks.The proposed STMS integrates advanced technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and cloud computing to monitor, analyze, and control traffic flow in real-time. IoT-enabled sensors, cameras, and GPS devices installed at key traffic intersections and on vehicles gather real-time data on traffic density, vehicle speed, road conditions, and environmental factors. This data is transmitted to a centralized processing unit, where intelligent algorithms analyze traffic patterns and make dynamic adjustments to traffic signal timings based on current demand. Furthermore, the system incorporates predictive analytics to anticipate congestion and suggest alternate routes to drivers via mobile applications or smart navigation systems. Emergency vehicle prioritization, pedestrian safety monitoring, and integration with public transportation systems are also key features of the system, contributing to a more inclusive and responsive traffic ecosystem. The implementation of a Smart Traffic Management System has the potential to significantly reduce travel time, fuel consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions, while also improving road safety and commuter experience. Additionally, the system’s scalability and adaptability make it suitable for deployment in cities of varying sizes and complexities. This paper explores the architecture, functionalities, implementation strategies, and benefits of STMS, while also addressing the potential challenges such as data privacy, infrastructure costs, and the need for policy support.

One of the most affected sectors of Ukraine’s economy during the full-scale invasion has been passenger transportation. Despite all difficulties, the transport sector continues to function, fulfilling its primary tasks and maintaining stable mobility in the country. The article highlights the key tasks for the post-war recovery and development of Ukraine’s public transport, regardless of the ownership forms of transport companies' assets. The focus is placed not on specific issues of sector recovery but on global strategies and methodologies essential for the national economy. Four tasks have been identified, encompassing various aspects of public transport operations, including economic, legal, technical, technological, staffing, and managerial dimensions. The article proposes a comprehensive and multifaceted approach to the recovery and development of public transport, grounded in rigorous economic calculations and modeling of future transport processes. It is noted that, despite the overall slowdown in economic growth, the transport sector remains a key driver of recovery. Urban public transport is expected to face increased demand in the post-war period. Thus, a sector-specific plan must be developed and implemented to meet the population's demand for urban transportation in the post-war period. The recovery plan for public transport should include the following key points: A centralized approach to industry development with appropriate budget allocations. Payments to transport companies strictly based on their completed transport work (implementation of EU Regulation 1370). Acquisition of rolling stock and the renewal of transport infrastructure as interconnected priorities, with infrastructure renewal being the primary task. The involvement of predominantly Ukrainian companies in the recovery of public transport, which will create additional jobs for Ukrainians returning from the frontlines or abroad. This, in turn, will increase budget revenues, enabling the country to finance the military and repay debts currently being accumulated.Тhat only by relying on advanced economic science can the sector's crisis state be overcome, enabling municipal transport enterprises to achieve break-even operations and, eventually, profit.