Study of Priority Mode Development for Public Transportation

Compact cities, as opposed to the urban sprawl, are being advocated in many countries and regions. As a sustainable urban form, these have significant implications on the pursuit of economic, social, and environmental sustainability. However, despite their advantages, compact cities have negative impacts on urban development. Both positive and negative impacts are derived from developed countries. However, whether these impacts are applicable to developing countries remains uncertain.\n\n\n\nThis research aims to examine the development and impacts of urban compaction in China. Guided by land use policies, compact development in Beijing is currently being promoted through the intensification of existing construction areas rather than the development of new large-scale areas. This research aims to explore the development of urban compactness from the perspective of time and spatial dimensions and examine the impact of compact development.\n\n\n\nTo carry out this research, this thesis reviews the relevant theories on compact cities characterized as high-density developments and mixed-use developments of construction areas that have a well developed public transport system. These compact cities can be achieved through urban intensification. In this work, an indicator system for measuring urban compactness based on the features of compact cities (e.g., high-density development, mixed-use development, and public transport system) is proposed. The development of the urban compactness of an entire city during the period of 1992-2007 is also calculated according to the indicator system. In addition, the development of urban compactness in the different regions of inner city districts, outer city districts, and new towns in 1996, 2001, and 2006 are also studied. Given that compact cities have a significant impact on urban development, some indicators that reveal economic, social, and environmental development are utilized to test the impact of compact cities in Beijing through statistical studies and semi-structured interviews.\n\n\n\nThe results of evaluating the urban compactness development from the entire city perspective indicate rapid population growth and urbanization, along with the rapid increase of urban density in Beijing. Compared with high-density development, mixed use development has not been as rapid. With the mass construction of the subways and the increase in the provision of public buses, the development of public transport has also improved significantly. Following these results, the impact of urban compaction is analyzed, and compact development appeared to be beneficial to economic, social and environmental development, although some of its benefits have not been embodied fully. This research further examines the spatial development of urban compactness. The findings reveal that land use in the central city has become increasingly compact and that the potential for urban compactness could be further enhanced in the outer city districts. In new towns where the urban sprawl is quite severe, high-density development and mixed-use development should be promoted. To increase accessibility, the public transport system should be further improved. By analyzing the development of urban compactness, this study suggests that the support facilities and services in Beijing are insufficient compared with population growth and urbanization occurring in the city; this inadequacy leads to the backward progress of mixed-use development. As a large city, the different regions in Beijing stand in different positions that require varied development strategies to achieve urban compaction. The study fills a gap in the literature on compact development in China and population growth as well as theoretically and empirically enriches the impact of urban compaction in the context of rapid urbanization and population growth.

At present, with the advancement of China’s urbanization construction process, China’s urbanization rate has gradually increased in recent years, and the population in the suburbs and surrounding towns and rural areas continue to pour into large cities, which inevitably leads to a series of social problems in the process of China’s urban economic development. In the process of population gathering in large cities, traffic problems have a great impact on urban workers. With the increase of urban population and the rising stock of private cars, the efficiency of ground transportation continues to decline; the population aggregation in big cities, the poor travel experience of public transport system in the morning and evening rush hours on weekdays, and the long commuting time and distance of workers restrict the long-term development of large cities in China to a certain extent. This paper studies the coordination between ground public transport and rail transit in Beijing with reference to the coordination of the development of ground public transport and rail transit. Finally, based on these problems, this paper puts forward some suggestions for the long-term coordinated development of public transport in Beijing.

This study to analyze the development of Public Transportation in the application of smart cities in the United States, China, Italy, and Brazil. The result of public transportation services dramatically contributes to increase mobility, and safety, as well as having a positive impact in urban areas. This research method uses a qualitative approach to bibliometric analysis. The data source is taken from the Scopus and articles searched for the last ten years (2012-2021) using keywords smart city and public transportation. The data found, 293 articles, with the top four countries having the highest number of articles. United States by 41, China by 32, Italy by 23, and Brazil by 20. The data analysis technique in this study used the Nvivo12plus and Vosviwer. The study results there are three concept findings in the development of public transportation; mobility, policy, and connectivity. The four countries have different focuses on implementing public transportation. United States focuses on mobility, policy, and connectivity with indicators such as urban mobility, intelligent transportation management, and governance. China focuses on mobility and connectivity, smart urban mobility, criteria, infrastructure, economy, and the environment, China is not the policy concept. Italy and Brazil also focus on the idea of mobility and policy with indicators that focus on the progress of urban mobility analysis and efforts to improve the convenience of public transportation to increase demand. The concept of connectivity has not been a concern for Italy and Brazil. Within these four countries, the United States dominates the development of public transportation, because it has fulfilled the three concepts of public transportation, namely mobility, policy, and connectivity. It is hoped that from the analysis of the development of this research, the four countries can further improve technological advances based on the Intelligent Transport System (ITS) to make public transportation smarter.

A consistent pattern that emerged out of the consequences of COVID-19 is that public transport was hit particularly hard compared to private cars and other modes. This raises concern regarding the future of public transport and the sustainability of urban transport. While the current clash of challenges, trends and disruptions makes the future more difficult to forecast than ever, this chapter highlights both long-term and emerging trends that are likely to influence public transport beyond the pandemic. As a foundation for the discussion, the chapter first briefly outlines the state and development of public transport before COVID-19, as well as the immediate effects of the pandemic. Before COVID-19, strong trends included initiatives towards sustainable urban transport, digitalisation and automation, and increasingly personalised services. The pandemic induced lockdowns, restrictions to use public transport and anxiety towards crowding, which influenced people to travel less and shift to other modes. There were clear socioeconomic inequalities in the ability to do so and a loss of accessibility. Many agencies and operators suffered financially as a result of lost fare revenues and limited governmental support. Emerging trends such as less commuting and financial struggles are likely to influence public transport for many years to come. However, the pandemic, and the induced behaviour and exposed problems that have followed, can serve as a call for substantial changes in urban transport planning. A continued development and integration of sustainable mobility services, with public transport as a central actor, is widely seen as key in this ambition.

The rapid growth of cities all over the world has inevitably led to the aggravation of economic, social and environmental problems. In this regard, developing «green», low-carbon, circular and other new economic models is necessary. Transport sector is an important source of greenhouse gas emissions and air pollutants. The purpose of this work is to assess the impact of urban public transport, especially electric buses, on the air quality. The authors have analyzed international and Russia’s experience of the low-carbon development of urban public transport and evaluated the environmental effects of transitioning to electric buses in Moscow using a regression model and data visualization tools. The results have shown that integrating electric buses into an urban transport system can be considered as a step towards the low-carbon development of the transport sector. The authors have identified a decrease in carbon monoxide (CO) pollution in the districts of Moscow where there are electric bus routes. Although the authors managed to demonstrate positive aspects of using e-buses instead of traditional ones, the proposed hypotheses were not fully confirmed due to limited data and a small number of electric bus routes at an early stage of the project. The results of the work can be used both in theoretical studies of sustainable development and practical implementation of programs for the low-carbon development of an urban transport network

The authors reviewed the functions of strategic planning and identified problems in the development of urban passenger transport services. They identified the impact of land use on public transport development. Scientific studies of regions and cities have determined a number of conditions for their economic growth in the post-industrial economy, which include the importance of agglomerations and clusters, the differentiation and specialization of economic activities, the development of services and infrastructure. Increasing employment, the development of regional and municipal innovation systems, the ability of cities and regions to be attractive for living and creative fruitful work are increasingly important for the socio-economic development of cities. One important consequence of the research is that economic transformation towards regional and urban growth and development is becoming increasingly dependent on dense physical space. All these conditions can be realized with the availability of efficient and high-quality transportation services, vehicles and infrastructure, increased mobility of the population and accessibility of the services provided. This, in turn, means that public transport is the driving force for the economic development of regions and municipalities in terms of mobility and accessibility in general, as well as in comparison with other modes of transport.

One of the most affected sectors of Ukraine’s economy during the full-scale invasion has been passenger transportation. Despite all difficulties, the transport sector continues to function, fulfilling its primary tasks and maintaining stable mobility in the country. The article highlights the key tasks for the post-war recovery and development of Ukraine’s public transport, regardless of the ownership forms of transport companies' assets. The focus is placed not on specific issues of sector recovery but on global strategies and methodologies essential for the national economy. Four tasks have been identified, encompassing various aspects of public transport operations, including economic, legal, technical, technological, staffing, and managerial dimensions. The article proposes a comprehensive and multifaceted approach to the recovery and development of public transport, grounded in rigorous economic calculations and modeling of future transport processes. It is noted that, despite the overall slowdown in economic growth, the transport sector remains a key driver of recovery. Urban public transport is expected to face increased demand in the post-war period. Thus, a sector-specific plan must be developed and implemented to meet the population's demand for urban transportation in the post-war period. The recovery plan for public transport should include the following key points: A centralized approach to industry development with appropriate budget allocations. Payments to transport companies strictly based on their completed transport work (implementation of EU Regulation 1370). Acquisition of rolling stock and the renewal of transport infrastructure as interconnected priorities, with infrastructure renewal being the primary task. The involvement of predominantly Ukrainian companies in the recovery of public transport, which will create additional jobs for Ukrainians returning from the frontlines or abroad. This, in turn, will increase budget revenues, enabling the country to finance the military and repay debts currently being accumulated.Тhat only by relying on advanced economic science can the sector's crisis state be overcome, enabling municipal transport enterprises to achieve break-even operations and, eventually, profit.

Currently, the trends in urban public transport have been changing over the years in developing countries for mobilization and accessibility development. Urban public transportation systems are the most popular in Selangor State, including big cities such as the Klang Valley Region. Objective measures of spatial pattern and hotspots have been used to understand how urban public transport development relate to open access. This method relies on specific spatial information and available web-based tool that shows the pattern primarily based on given vicinity and statistics connectivity. To date, several studies have finished tested in developed countries. In this study, we use Geographic Information Systems to analyse and consider hotspots identification precisely and efficaciously. Therefore, in this paper, we focus on two types of point sample evaluations – Gi* hot spot and point density analysis evaluation as statistical operations. Public rail transport was evaluated as a validation to describe the percentage of distribution of open access. The final result, GIS mapping capabilities to show that GIS's technology offers to the variation of urban public transport relate to public services, is to create maps and spatial interpretations.

Developing countries are experiencing simultaneous growth of population, income and private vehicle ownership, which significantly affects urban transport environment and poses challenges to policymakers and urban transport professionals. Experience shows that the performance of urban transport service delivery in many developing countries is low; policy makers have incomplete information to make decisions and managers and professionals rarely have a clear picture of their operational performance, best practices elsewhere or the desired level of their service provision, which is the case of urban transport services in Nigeria. Urban transport in Nigeria is largely an unregulated market and inadequate both in quality and quantitative terms. Urban transport technology in use in Nigeria is a combination of Para-transit modes, consisting of shared taxis, minibuses, motorcycles and tricycles. Only in the cities of Lagos and Abuja are conventional buses in use, but even in both cities the use of Paratransit modes of transport is obviously dominant. As a matter of fact, Nigeria remains the only country in the world where densely populated cities with over 6 million people do not have an organized urban transport system based on a combination of conventional buses and rail. It will be therefore imperative to identify Key performance indicators (KPIs) that can be used to measure and improve the performance of urban transport services in Nigeria. This paper is focused on the identification of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for urban transport development in Nigeria. The KPIs that have been identified in this paper following the performance measurement framework can be used to monitor and evaluate urban transport performance in Nigeria and eventually guide the further development and modernization of urban transport system in Nigeria, in the sense that the KPIs will assist in identifying key areas for improvement and also serve as a guide for transport policy makers in making decisions. The KPIs presented in this paper have been categorized into Safety, Security, Environmental pollution, Financial perspective, Traffic management and Customer satisfaction.

El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar el sistema de transporte urbano de la ciudad de Puno, se propone de infraestructura vial urbano para tener una capacidad vial de acuerdo al tipo de vía y así poder optimizar el tiempo de viaje del pasajero según la tendencia de movilidad, movilidad de origen destino según zonas, movilidad del transporte urbano. Se analizó el recorrido de rutas de transporte público urbano para determinar la velocidad promedio y así poder conocer los tiempos de viajes. La hipótesis que se ha formulado es: con el análisis del sistema de transporte urbano se propone infraestructura vial urbana para optimizar el tiempo de viaje del pasajero de la ciudad de Puno-2018, se analiza la tendencia de movilidad según origen destino, la movilidad del transporte urbano, rutas de transporte urbano público e infraestructura vial urbana. La investigación centró su metodología, bajo un enfoque cuantitativo, diseño no experimental. Se aplicó un cuestionario como un instrumento para el análisis; de los cuales permitieron recoger información y analizar las variables de estudio y efectuar las correlaciones. La muestra estuvo conformada de 384 pasajeros y 8 microbuses que brindan servicio en las principales rutas de transporte público urbano. Como resultado se tiene que el sistema de transporte urbano de la ciudad de Puno es concentrado debido al uso de suelo en la zona céntrica, la movilidad vehicular tiene obstáculos en el flujo debido al uso de la calzada como estacionamiento y que las vías superan su capacidad vial la cual no optimiza los tiempos de viajes en ciudad de Puno para lo cual se requiere de infraestructura vial urbana como son: terminales terrestres, pavimentado de las vías paraderos, declarar zonas rígidas las vías que son utilizadas por las rutas de transporte urbano e implementar un sistema inteligente de gestión de tráfico en las intersecciones principales de la ciudad.

Calculating Model of Urban Public Transit Subsidy

This article studies the relationship between green transportation and urban sustainable development from the perspective of urban sustainable development, and discusses in detail the theory, design and implementation of green transportation system construction based on urban sustainable development, and believes that green transportation is a city. An important component of sustainable development plays an important role in promoting its development. In the analysis of existing research materials, it discusses how urban development should create an environment and conditions for the development of green transportation from the aspects of planning, policy, awareness, technology, management and internal and external coordination. It also proposes scientific planning of urban development and improving urban land utilisation, and other suggestions to better promote the development of urban green transportation, improve the role of green transportation in the process of urban sustainable development, and put forward corresponding countermeasures.

Private Sector-led Urban Development Projects. Management, Partnerships and Effects in the Netherlands and the UK

Transport plays a crucial role in urban development by providing access for people to education, markets, employment, recreation, health care and other key services. Cities which prioritize public transport and non-motorized modes are considered at the top of surveys measuring urban quality of life. Concerns over the quality of life have spread to the growing use of active transportation modes, and as so, proximity to the public transportation system is highly valued. The relationship between public transport accessibility and residential land value is the subject of many recent researches. A house located near public transports will tend to be sold at higher prices. This is due to the convenience that public transportation brings to its influence area, enabling quick access to the network and reduced travel times. However, some studies have found that this proximity can induce adverse effects on property values.The main concern of this paper is to address the importance of a public transport subway system in urban areas, and to analyse the effect of housing distance to stations has in real estate prices.A geocoded database integrated in a geographical information system was used, containing information on housing unit’s sales from Bucharest, Romania, between 2013 and 2017. This system allowed analysing and exploring all data characteristics. The effect of housing distance to stations has in real estate prices was obtained through statistical modelling procedures, developed within an R software environment.

Public transportation is a relatively high-capacity and energy-efficient alternative for urban passenger transportation. With the development of society and economy, demand for public transportation increased dramatically in Shanghai. This paper probed into the public transportation system in Shanghai, evaluated its development. Based on current situation and trend in public transportation, the strategy for public transportation development pointed out. Further efforts should be allocated on infrastructure construction, public transportation priority system development, government finance and policy support, and establishment of information system, thus to establish a diversified, multi-level public transportation system in Shanghai.