Implementation of field oriented control for permanent magnet synchronous motor

The objective of this paper is to control the speed of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) over wide range of speed by consuming minimum time and low cost. Therefore, comparative performance analysis of PMSM on basis of speed regulation has been done in this study. Comparison of two control strategies i.e. Field oriented control (FOC) without sensor less Model Reference Adaptive System (MRAS) and FOC with sensor less MRAS has been carried out. Sensor less speed control of PMSM is achieved by using estimated speed deviation as feedback signal for the PI controller. Performance of the both control strategies has been evaluated in in MATLAB Simulink software. Simulation studies show the response of PMSM speed during various conditions of load and speed variations. Obtained results reveal that the proposed MRAS technique can effectively estimate the speed of rotor with high exactness and torque response is significantly quick as compared to the system without MRAS control system.

This paper deals with the performance analysis of the field oriented control (FOC) of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive with a PID (proportional plus integral plus derivative) in DC link voltage control and fuzzy PID for speed control in closed loop operation. A mathematical model of the PMSM drive has been developed by considering each accessories of the model to analyze both the steady state and transient performances of the PMSM drive system. The current controlled inverter feeding power to the PMSM motor is powered from a PWM current controlled converter. The advantages of the integrated PMSM drive are demonstrated. The PID voltage control takes care of the constant DC link voltage to feed the inverter. The fuzzy controller provides a better response to the drive system specially in the steady state condition. The state space model developed in terms of derivatives of winding currents, DC link voltage, supply currents, rotor speed, and rotor position are simulated to obtain the required information. The study also examines the effectiveness of the PMSM drive under steady state and transient conditions for different parameter variation.

This paper describes two alternative variable speed motor drive systems for washing machine applications. Three phase induction motors with tachometer feedback and direct drive permanent magnet synchronous motors with hall sensor feedback are two drive systems commonly used in North American washers today. Appliance manufacturers are now evaluating sensorless drive systems because of the low reliability and high cost of the speed and position feedback sensors. A Field Oriented Control Algorithm with an embedded rotor flux and position estimation algorithm enables sensorless control of both permanent magnet synchronous motors and induction motors. The estimator derives rotor shaft position and speed from rotor flux estimates obtained from measured stator currents and the applied voltages. Sampling of currents in the dc link shunt simplifies stator current measurement and minimizes cost. Field oriented control algorithm allows good dynamic control of torque and enables an extended speed range through field weakening. The digital control algorithm runs on a unique hardware engine that allows algorithms to be designed using graphical tools. A common hardware platform can run either the PMSM or IM using sensorless field oriented control in a front loading washer application. Test results are presented for both drives in standard wash cycles.

In this article is presented a sensorless control structure of the speed of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) rotor based on the classic Field Oriented Control (FOC) strategy, where the PI outer speed loop controller in the classical approach supplies the current reference i <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">qref</sub> for a Synergetic controller, which supplies the output controls u <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</sub> and u <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">q</sub> for the PMSM control. The synergetic control is considered as a generalization for the Sliding Mode Control (SMC). Among the remarkable properties of this type of design of control are the decoupling procedure and a reduced order model for the controller. The PMSM operating equations, fractional order calculus elements and a Sliding Mode Observer (SMO) type speed observer of are presented herein. By replacing the Synergetic current controller with a Fractional Order (FO) Synergetic current controllers, superior performance is achieved due to the use of the fractional calculus.

A new instantaneous torque-control strategy is presented for high-performance control of a permanent magnet (PM) synchronous motor. In order to deal with the torque pulsating problem of a PM synchronous motor in a low-speed region, new torque estimation and control techniques are proposed. The linkage flux of a PM synchronous motor is estimated using a model reference adaptive system technique, and the developed torque is instantaneously controlled by the proposed torque controller combining a variable structure control (VSC) with a space-vector pulse-width modulation (PWM). The proposed control provides the advantage of reducing the torque pulsation caused by the nonsinusoidal flux distribution. This control strategy is applied to the high-torque PM synchronous motor drive system for direct-drive applications and implemented by using a software of the digital signal processor (DSP) TMS320C30. The simulations and experiments are carried out for this system, and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control.

Field-oriented control (FOC) of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is extensively preferred in high-performance drive systems due to its distinct features like better power factor, high efficiency, higher power density, high torque to volume ratio and low inertia. A voltage source inverter (VSI) is generally used to control the PMSM. A suitable pulse width modulation (PWM) technique has to be used to control the VSI. In this paper, a comparative performance analysis of vector-controlled (FOC) PMSM drive with SPWM and SVPWM techniques is presented. The PMSM drive has been modeled and simulated in Simulink environment. The simulation results obtained under various test conditions has been analyzed. Performance parameters like current THD, voltage THD, speed response, torque response and DC bus utilization has been used for the study. Based upon the comparative analysis, a suitable control technique has been suggested for controlling the PMSM drive.

The main contribution of this review work is to show how various control techniques are used to manage the speed of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM). The PMSM’s are mostly used in electric vehicles, electric traction and high performance industrial drive applications. In this article conventional sensorless techniques are compared with machine learning techniques such as fuzzy logic, artificial neural network and neuro-fuzzy controllers to control the speed of PMSM drive based on vector control approach. The benefits of machine learning techniques used in sensorless PMSM drive are easy to design, less execution time and fast access speed control. The various controlling techniques used in controller along with its complexity, advantages and drawbacks are discussed in this article. The above mentioned controlling techniques are implemented and simulated by using MATLAB R2019b/Simulink software based on sensorless Model Reference Adaptive System (MRAS) with the help of Field Oriented Control (FOC) strategy of PMSM drive. By comparing the all sensorless controlling techniques in simulation study, it is identified that the combination of neuro-fuzzy controller gives the best speed control performance than other controllers.

This paper describes an implementation of FOC (Field Oriented Control) algorithm for speed control of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor — PMSM The motor considered is a Brushless-AC type — BLAC, with sinusoidal back-electromotive force — BEMF waveform, and the application intended for this motor is the direct drive — DD type of washing machines. The FOC algorithm is implemented using a National Instruments Labview FPGA System. This system is composed of a high level/high productivity tool for FPGA logic synthesis. The paper describes the design principles for FOC algorithm and then explains the implementation of the designed controllers in the Labview FPGA platform. Experimental results are provided to verify the FOC implementation.

This study compares Field-Oriented Control (FOC) and trapezoidal control techniques for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs) in modern industrial variable-speed applications. Traditionally, variable-speed applications have relied on DC machines, which have inherent drawbacks such as increased maintenance, spark losses, higher inertia, and overall higher costs. This FOC has emerged as a sophisticated method that enables independent control of torque and magnetization flux in AC motors, allowing for precise regulation of torque and speed tailored to the motor's electromagnetic state. FOC leverages Sinusoidal Pulse-Width Modulation (SPWM) and Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) techniques to enhance DC voltage utilization and minimize switching and harmonic losses. In contrast, the paper presents a detailed model of a PMSM drive system based on electronic components rather than standard mathematical blocks, leading to more realistic simulation results. All simulation modules, including the inverter and PWM generator, were custom-built, allowing for performance comparison under varying speed and torque conditions. Brushless DC (BLDC) motors, which are typically categorized as PMSMs with trapezoidal back-EMF waveforms, have gained traction due to their simplicity and cost-effectiveness. The trapezoidal control technique, also known as six-step commutation, simplifies the control process by aligning motor phase switching with the rotor position, resulting in a quasi-square-wave current. However, this method introduces torque ripple and presents control challenges, particularly in low-speed applications. Given the rising economic constraints and stringent governmental standards, there is an increasing demand for efficient, low-interference, and adaptable electrical systems. This study demonstrates that FOC provides a more robust and efficient solution for high-performance applications than the trapezoidal control technique in PMSMs.

This paper develops a sliding mode-based observer for load torque and parameters variations control of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives. A sliding mode control scheme combined with an observer is useful as a means to depress chattering and the robustness is increased. It is demonstrated that the robustness of an PMSM is improved by using the proposed observer and that the robustness is more enhanced by varying the controller parameters according to the value of the estimate of the disturbance. This paper also presents a detailed comparison of SMC controller with observer for PMSM. The observer designs the implementation aspects, and a comparative study on the extensive experimental results are given.

The Four-switch Three-phase Inverter (FSTPI) based AC drive system has attracted much attention because it can decrease the total system cost and simplify the system topology. It can also realize a fault tolerant topology for a post-fault reconfiguration for the traditional Six-switch Three-phase Inverter (SSTPI). In this paper, the Field Oriented Control (FOC) of the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) fed by the FSTPI was studied. First, the space vector pulse width modulation method for FSTPI was discussed and three equivalent zero-vector methods were investigated. Second, the control principle of the PMSM-FOC system was discussed as well. Based on the above analysis, the control model for the system was simulated and the results indicate that the FSTPI-PMSM-FOC drive system can operate steadily and has satisfied dynamic torque feature.

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper presents a proposed space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) controller for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). The Space vector pulse width modulation controller is used for power loss, torque ripple minimization of this type of motors. The proposed controller is a newly applied of Belt starter generator (BSG). The dynamic response of the BSG with the proposed controller is studied during the starter and generator modes with desired torque and speed with the optimal I&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt;, I&lt;sub&gt;q&lt;/sub&gt; current input. The effectiveness of the proposed space vector pulse width modulation is then analyzed with Field oriented control (FOC) characteristics in the BSG operating system. The analysis results are presented to demonstrate the characteristics and effectiveness of the proposed control techniques.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Sensorless technologies for the field-oriented control of the permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) are being actively developed today. Recently, a robust, nonlinear and globally convergent position observer for the surface-mount permanent magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM) has been proposed in [4]. The key feature of the robust observer is estimation of the rotor position requiring only the knowledge of the stator currents, voltages, resistance and inductance. However, the resistance and inductance of the stator may change during operation as a result of overheating, mechanical wear and environmental impacts. Thus, the aim of this study is to develop adaptive algorithms for the stator windings' parameters, which can be used for this position observer improvement. In this paper the authors propose four adaptive observers for estimation of the resistance and inductance at low motor speeds. It is assumed, that only currents and voltages of the stator windings are known. The other state variables and parameters of PMSM are unknown. The main idea of the synthesis of identification algorithms is linear filtering, which allows us to eliminate the unknown terms obtained by the mathematical transformations. Requirements to the external load, which ensure successful identification of the PMSM stator parameters, are given for each observer. The proposed adaptive observers for the stator resistance and inductance can be applied in case, when at low speeds, the field-oriented control of PMSM is carried out by means of Hall sensor, while at higher speeds, the sensorless control algorithms are used. A distinctive feature of the proposed estimation algorithms is that the resistance and inductance identification can be implemented during PMSM operation.

This paper presents an application of real-time remote control of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) using an embedded system and Webserver. The starting point is represented by the global Field Oriented Control (FOC) type approach for the PMSM control and the numerical simulations performed when using a Sliding Mode Observer (SMO) and the optimal adjusting of the speed controller parameters is performed by meaning of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method. The F28069 MCU is selected for a good performance/cost criterion, and Matlab/Simulink development environments are used together with Motor Control Blockset (MCB) Toolbox and Embedded - Coder Support Package (ECSP) developed for TI C2000 controllers from Texas Instruments and LabVIEW to obtain a flexible and robust software implementation of the real-time remote control application. Open Platform Communications (OPC) type of communication technologies and a LabVIEW embedded Webserver are used. The proposed implementation architecture enables real-time remote control both for clients that have minimal resources specific to the LabVIEW environment, and also for clients that can connect only through Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP).

This paper presents a method for Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive using Field-Oriented Control (FOC) technology. The rotor speed and current tracking controllers are designed based on backstepping control theory. A Sliding-mode observer (SMO) is used to estimate the back electromotive force under a static frame. After that, a Phase-locked Loop (PLL) is designed to estimate the speed and position of the rotor. The SMO and PLL have robustness against disturbance, high accuracy estimation ability. Moreover, speed and current tracking performance may be affected significantly by the disturbance which is caused by parameter variations and external load torque. So another SMO is presented to estimate the lump disturbance and improve the robustness of the controllers. Finally, the simulation and results are implemented using Matlab/Simulink with Siemens 1KF7 PMSM.