Performance analysis of PMSM drive based on FOC technique with and without MRAS method

Model reference adaptive system (MRAS) is one of the popular methods to observe the speed and the angle information of the Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). This paper proposes a new adaptation scheme for MRAS to replace the conventional PI controller based on Popov Hyperstability theorem. In this project, the speed of PMSM is controlled by using field oriented control (FOC) method and the MRAS is used to observe the speed and the rotor position of the motor. The reference model for the MRAS is the PMSM itself while the adjustable model is the current model in the rotor reference frame. The Sugeno Fuzzy Logic Inference System (FIS) is implemented in the adaptation scheme in order to tune the error between the reference and the adjustable model. The new proposed method shows it is capable to track the motor speed efficiently at wide range of operating speeds.

This paper proposes a method of detecting speed for the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) without speed sensors on the base of model reference adaptive system (MRAS) combining with variable structure control. Moreover, to weaken the chattering phenomenon coming from the signum function, a sigmoid function is utilized and an adaptive gain is designed. Meanwhile, a speed regulator is designed by the sliding mode technology to improve the dynamic performance of PMSM and to overcome drawbacks of the proportion integration differentiation (PID) controller. Simulation results are presented, which show the validity of this proposed strategy, and the desired effect can be obtained.

The main contribution of this review work is to show how various control techniques are used to manage the speed of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM). The PMSM’s are mostly used in electric vehicles, electric traction and high performance industrial drive applications. In this article conventional sensorless techniques are compared with machine learning techniques such as fuzzy logic, artificial neural network and neuro-fuzzy controllers to control the speed of PMSM drive based on vector control approach. The benefits of machine learning techniques used in sensorless PMSM drive are easy to design, less execution time and fast access speed control. The various controlling techniques used in controller along with its complexity, advantages and drawbacks are discussed in this article. The above mentioned controlling techniques are implemented and simulated by using MATLAB R2019b/Simulink software based on sensorless Model Reference Adaptive System (MRAS) with the help of Field Oriented Control (FOC) strategy of PMSM drive. By comparing the all sensorless controlling techniques in simulation study, it is identified that the combination of neuro-fuzzy controller gives the best speed control performance than other controllers.

This study compares Field-Oriented Control (FOC) and trapezoidal control techniques for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs) in modern industrial variable-speed applications. Traditionally, variable-speed applications have relied on DC machines, which have inherent drawbacks such as increased maintenance, spark losses, higher inertia, and overall higher costs. This FOC has emerged as a sophisticated method that enables independent control of torque and magnetization flux in AC motors, allowing for precise regulation of torque and speed tailored to the motor's electromagnetic state. FOC leverages Sinusoidal Pulse-Width Modulation (SPWM) and Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) techniques to enhance DC voltage utilization and minimize switching and harmonic losses. In contrast, the paper presents a detailed model of a PMSM drive system based on electronic components rather than standard mathematical blocks, leading to more realistic simulation results. All simulation modules, including the inverter and PWM generator, were custom-built, allowing for performance comparison under varying speed and torque conditions. Brushless DC (BLDC) motors, which are typically categorized as PMSMs with trapezoidal back-EMF waveforms, have gained traction due to their simplicity and cost-effectiveness. The trapezoidal control technique, also known as six-step commutation, simplifies the control process by aligning motor phase switching with the rotor position, resulting in a quasi-square-wave current. However, this method introduces torque ripple and presents control challenges, particularly in low-speed applications. Given the rising economic constraints and stringent governmental standards, there is an increasing demand for efficient, low-interference, and adaptable electrical systems. This study demonstrates that FOC provides a more robust and efficient solution for high-performance applications than the trapezoidal control technique in PMSMs.

In this article is presented a sensorless control structure of the speed of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) rotor based on the classic Field Oriented Control (FOC) strategy, where the PI outer speed loop controller in the classical approach supplies the current reference i <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">qref</sub> for a Synergetic controller, which supplies the output controls u <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</sub> and u <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">q</sub> for the PMSM control. The synergetic control is considered as a generalization for the Sliding Mode Control (SMC). Among the remarkable properties of this type of design of control are the decoupling procedure and a reduced order model for the controller. The PMSM operating equations, fractional order calculus elements and a Sliding Mode Observer (SMO) type speed observer of are presented herein. By replacing the Synergetic current controller with a Fractional Order (FO) Synergetic current controllers, superior performance is achieved due to the use of the fractional calculus.

This paper presents a speed identification method based on the model reference adaptive system (MRAS) of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM). A stator flux observer based on a new voltage model is designed, using the compensation algorithm for the orthogonality of stator flux and back EMF. This paper designs an improved MRAS model based on this new voltage model and it takes the flux linkage as the state variable in the $\alpha\beta 0$ coordinate system. A sensorless vector control system for PMSM is constructed. Simulation results of the drive performance in MATLAB/Simulink are presented. Finally, this method has been applied to the high-power application, combined with a three-level inverter. The experiment has been carried out with DSP28335 as the core of the control circuit of the platform. Results indicate the correctness of the theoretical analysis.

A new instantaneous torque-control strategy is presented for high-performance control of a permanent magnet (PM) synchronous motor. In order to deal with the torque pulsating problem of a PM synchronous motor in a low-speed region, new torque estimation and control techniques are proposed. The linkage flux of a PM synchronous motor is estimated using a model reference adaptive system technique, and the developed torque is instantaneously controlled by the proposed torque controller combining a variable structure control (VSC) with a space-vector pulse-width modulation (PWM). The proposed control provides the advantage of reducing the torque pulsation caused by the nonsinusoidal flux distribution. This control strategy is applied to the high-torque PM synchronous motor drive system for direct-drive applications and implemented by using a software of the digital signal processor (DSP) TMS320C30. The simulations and experiments are carried out for this system, and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control.

This paper presents a model reference adaptive system (MRAS)-based charging and discharging control method for a twelve-phase permanent magnetic synchronous motor (PMSM) in flywheel energy storage system (FESS). The proposed speed estimation strategy can make the FESS operate at high speed regardless of the declining precision and reliability of speed sensors. Considering the mutual coupling among the 4 sets of three-phase stator windings, a compensation method is developed to achieve independent control of the 4 sets. Furthermore, combined with the proposed speed estimation and compensation strategy, the charging and discharging control method of FESS based on the twelve-phase PMSM is investigated.

In most cases, using of an optical sensor represents the most common solution to obtain the induction motor actual speed. As in some cases the use of the speed sensor carries number of problems, an effort to find a solution that does not require a speed sensor is obvious in recent time. The paper presents some results of employing MRAS (Model Reference Adaptive System) method for sensorless induction motor shaft speed determination. The working principles and the possible algorithm mathematical derivation are described. Results of the drive performance simulation in MatLab/Simulink environment are presented. Finally, the algorithm is verified on the real induction motor drive utilizing dSPACE platform. Obtained results demonstrate good function and performance of the system.

To solve the problems of slow response speed of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) system when the external interference occurs and the poor anti-interference ability, this paper proposes a double model predictive control (MPC) strategy for PMSM to control speed and current. To be specific, firstly, the mathematical model of PMSM is established under the two-phase synchronous rotation coordinate system. Secondly, we propose the double MPC strategy where MPC controller is used in the speed outer loop and deadbeat prediction controller is used in the current inner loop. Finally, By comparing the traditional control strategy (speed outer loop PI controller and current inner loop deadbeat prediction controller) with the double MPC strategy, the simulation results show that the double MPC has no overshot, better steady-state performance, faster dynamic response and stronger anti-load disturbance capability, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.

Field Oriented Control (FOC) is a standard for high performance control of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) in the industry. It has excellent transient and steady-state response and relative simple structure. This paper is concerned in study case of implementing FOC control in realtime embedded system. The experimental results show that the FOC performs well in controlling the torque and speed of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with satisfactory result.

One of the main reasons for adopting the field oriented controlled (FOC) induction machine for high performance application is its capability for easy implementation in field weakening. In a sensorless FOC induction machine, the speed estimation in Field Weakening (FW) region and the sensitivity to parameter error of the motor is a major problem. Model Reference Adaptive System (MRAS) approach is one of the best techniques to estimate the rotor speed due to its straight forward stability approach. Space vector pulse width modulated (SVM) voltage source inverter is preferred to feed the FOC induction machine rather than the traditional sinusoidal pulse width modulated (SPWM) inverter due to the full utilization of voltage and current rating of the inverter. In this paper, a sensorless FOC induction machine with MRAS scheme based on sliding mode (SM) technique to estimate the rotor speed in the FW region using SVM fed inverter is modeled. The drive system is simulated by MATLAB/Simulink and the performance of the technique is evaluated by comparing the model with FOC induction machine with sensor using SVM inverter.

A Proportional-Integral (PI) controller is a system designed to diminish the error between the desired reference value and the measured variable of the process to be regulated. The PI controller works according to two input parameters that must be calculated by a tuning process. In this work, the process is performed using intelligent swarm algorithms to seek for optimal parameters of PI controller. Three reactive, nature-inspired algorithms (bat, whale optimization and cuckoo search), were used to tune the PI controller. The control scheme based on linear regulators is used to improve the performance of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) and to regulate the rotor speed to a desired reference value. In order to validate the effectiveness of the controller, simulation is performed under constant load condition, varying load condition and varying set speed conditions of the PMSM.

the article introduces a method for controlling the speed of a six-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive with the help of fuzzy logic controllers (FLCs). By utilizing the vector control technique, the fuzzy logic controller achieves a high level of dynamic performance. The FLC is implemented in the current and speed controllers of the six-phase PMSM drive. To evaluate its effectiveness under different operating conditions, the FLC with PMSM drives is designed and simulated using MATLAB. The FLC proves to be more robust and capable of overcoming the nonlinearity issues associated with the six-phase PMSM. The simulation outcomes confirm the efficiency of the suggested control technique for the PMSM drive system.

In order to improve the performance, efficiency and reliability of the interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drive, a set of control strategies are developed for wide speed range operation. A rotor flux oriented vector control with model reference adaptive system (MRAS) based rotor position/speed estimation is employed as the basic control strategy for IPMSM drive. A control strategy named maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) is applied to minimize the motor current magnitude during low speed operation. While an over-modulation method is employed to enhance the voltage transfer ratio of PWM inverter and the output torque capability of IPMSM during high speed operation, and flux weakening control is developed for high speed stable operation of IPMSM drive. Furthermore, phase current reconstruction under overmodulation is taken into account, which lowers the system cost and expands the working range of PWM inverter fed IPMSM motor drives. The issue of seamless switching from MTPA during low speed range to conventional field-weakening control during high speed range is also discussed. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of these control strategies, which realizes the high performance operation of IPMSM drive in wide speed range.