Improving Reading Achievements in Descriptive Text by Using TPRC (Think, Predict, Read and Connect) Strategy

This thesis entitled “Problem Posing Learning (PPL) to Teach Students’ Speaking Ability”. The problem of this study as follows: “Is there any significant difference between the students who are taught by using Problem Posing Learning (PPL) and who are taught by using conventional method at eighth grade students of MTs Nurul Huda Sukaraja OKU Timur?” In this study, the writer used true experimental design, where this design consisted of experimental and control group. The population in this study is eighth grade students of MTs Nurul Huda Sukaraja OKU Timur. The number of the population is 125 students. Whereas, in taking the sample, the writer used cluster random sampling. Therefore, class VIII.1 was chosen as experimental group who were taught speaking using Problem Posing Learning (PPL) and class VIII.2 as control group who were taught speaking conventionally. In this study, the writer used the test to collect the data. Based on the findings, it was found that the mean score of pre test in the experimental group was 54.24, and post test score was 70.25. While the mean score of pre test in control group was 53.14, and post test score was 64.2. And the result of analyzing the data, was t-obtained was 2.77 while t-table was 2.046. It means that t-obtained was higher than t-table this indicated that Ho was rejected and consequently Ha was acceptable. It means that Problem Posing Learning (PPL) is effective to apply at eighth grade students of MTs Nurul Huda Sukaraja OKU TIMUR.

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of a climate-ecosystem program reflect-ing an early childhood play-based curriculum on early childhood development (nature), environmental con-servation attitudes, ecological literacy, and early childhood playfulness. Methods The study participants are 5-year-old children from a kindergarten in Gyeonggi Province, with 13 in-dividuals in the experimental group and 15 individuals in the control group. SPSS 23.0 was used to determine the mean, standard deviation, and reliability coefficient of the study variables. The homogeneity test was conducted using the pre-test mean scores between groups, and the difference between the experimental and control groups was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test based on post-test mean scores. Pre-post differences between the experimental and comparison groups were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results The main research results are as follows: First, the simple difference between the pre-test and post-test mean scores of the study variables revealed improvement in the experimental group(from 0.13 to 1.02 points), while the comparison group showed both an increase(from 0.01 to 0.36 points) and a decrease(from -0.26 to -0.03 points). There was no statistically significant difference in pretest mean scores between the experimental and comparison groups, confirming homogeneity. The pre-post difference test of the experimental group showed statistically significant differences in early childhood development (nature) and environmental conservation atti-tudes and subscales (conservation attitude, recycling attitude, environmental pollution prevention attitude), eco-logical literacy and subscales (nature's rights, intention to support, resource protection, ecological sensitivity, eco-logical social environment, ecological development_reverse, nature governance_reverse, ecological crisis indif-ference), and early childhood playfulness and some subscales (physical spontaneity, social spontaneity, sense of humor). On the other hand, there were no statistically significant differences in the cognitive spontaneity and ex-pression of pleasure sub-domains of preschoolers' playfulness. The pre-post difference test for the comparison group found statistical significance only for ecological sensitivity, a sub-scale of ecological literacy, and physical spontaneity, a sub-scale of preschoolers' playfulness. Second, the factors that resulted in statistically significant differences in post-hoc mean scores between the experimental and comparison groups were environmental con-servation attitudes and their sub-scales, recycling attitudes, ecological literacy and its sub-scales, supportive in-tention, ecological sensitivity, nature dominance(reverse), and ecological crisis indifference. Conclusions The results of this study confirm the effectiveness of climate and ecosystem programs through play. As an extension of this study, we aim to propose collaborative activities with the local community through a living lab approach.

The persistently high prevalence of dental caries among elementary school children in Indonesia requires serious attention from various stakeholders to enhance their knowledge and awareness in maintaining healthy teeth. Innovative and enjoyable learning media are needed to engage children in learning how to care for their dental health. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of quartet cards in improving dental health knowledge among fourth-grade elementary school students. A quasi-experimental method was employed, with purposive sampling used for participant selection. A total of 62 students participated, comprising 31 students in the experimental group and 31 in the control group. The research instrument consisted of a pretest and posttest questionnaire with 15 validated items using point biserial correlation and Cronbach’s Alpha for reliability testing. Both groups received a lecture on dental health, followed by a quartet card game intervention in the experimental group only. Data analysis included descriptive statistics to determine the mean pretest and posttest scores, followed by a Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test to assess the mean differences. The results indicated a greater increase in mean scores in the experimental group compared to the control group. The experimental group’s mean pretest score was 11.19, and the posttest score was 12.42, while the control group had a mean pretest score of 10.90 and a posttest score of 11.94. The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test showed a significant increase in knowledge in the experimental group (p = 0.002), whereas the control group did not show a statistically significant improvement (p = 0.145). Playing the dental health quartet card game was found to be effective in enhancing dental health knowledge among elementary school children.

This study used a Two Groups, Random Selection Experimental Design to improved academic performance of Grade 9 learners of Silanga National High School Catbalogan City using Cloze Test Pocket Worksheet in Science. Its purpose was to seek answers to the following questions: (1) What is the pretest mean scores between the control and experimental group? (2) What is the posttest mean scores of the control and experimental group? (3) What is the mean gain scores of the selected experimental group before and after the conduct of the study? Based on the result, the following findings were formulated; (1) The pretest mean scores of the subjects using Cloze Test Pocket Woksheet and the pretest mean scores of those who did not used do not differ significantly. (2) The post-test means scores of subjects who were were using Cloze Test Pocket Woksheet and the posttest mean scores of the subjects who were not using Cloze Test Pocket Woksheet differ significantly. (3) There is a significant difference between the mean gain scores of the two groups of samples – experimental and control groups. The experimental group who used Cloze Test Pocket Woksheet performed significantly higher than the control group who were not using the Cloze Test Pocket Woksheet. Based on the findings cited, it is concluded that the developed material in reviewing Science can improve learners’ mastery of the concepts. Though the results of this study showed that learning took place in both groups, the subjects who were assessed by Cloze Test Pocket Worksheet performed significantly better than the subjects who did not use the material.

This research aims to find out significant differences in violin playing skills between students who were taught using an intermediate level violin textbook made by a team of lecturers and students who were not taught using an intermediate level violin textbook made by a team of lecturers in the Music Study Program, Universitas Negeri Surabaya. The research method used is a quantitative method with a quasi-experimental type. Research result is known that the violin playing skills between the experimental group and the control group differ significantly. This conclusion is proven by the mean score of the experimental group which is higher than the control group in the posttest activity. The mean posttest score in the experimental group was 88.45. Meanwhile, the mean posttest score in the control group was 82.65. Another thing is also shown by the results of the independent sample t-test in the experimental group and the control group during the posttest activity with a calculated t value of 6.104 and a t table value of 2.086. The calculated t value > t table value, so it can be said that the experimental group and the control group differ significantly. Therefore, there is an influence of the application of an intermediate level violin textbook made by a team of lecturers on violin playing skills in the Music Study Program, Universitas Negeri Surabaya. The increase in violin playing skills was more demonstrated in the experimental group than the control group. This argument is proven by the mean pretest score in the experimental group of 81.15, while the mean pretest score in the control group is 80.7. The mean posttest score for the experimental group was 88.45, while the mean posttest score for the control group was 82.65. The experimental group experienced an increase of 7.3. This is shown from the mean score of 81.15 at the pretest which increased to 88.45 at the posttest. Meanwhile, the control group also experienced an increase in the mean score of 1.95.

“A Study was conducted to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Hand and Foot Massage on Pain among Post caesarean mothers at Selected Hospitals, Salem”. Quasi experimental pre test post test control group design was adopted. Non probability purposive sampling technique was used to select 60 post caesarean mothers among which 30 were assigned to experimental group and 30 were assigned to control group. The data was collected using structured interview schedule. Pre test was done for both experimental and control group by using Numerical pain intensity scale. Hand and Foot Massage was given for the experimental group for 20 minutes two times a day at 4hrs for first two days (morning and evening) and withheld for control group. Post test was done for both experimental and control group by using the same scale. The study findings showed that in experimental group, 14 (46.67%) of the post caesarean mothers belong to the age group of 26-30 and 12 (40%) of them belong to the age group of 21-25 years in control group 14 (46.66%) of them belong to the age group of 21-25 years. In experimental group, 15 (50%) had completed higher secondary education and in control group 12 (40%) had higher secondary education. In experimental group, 23 (76.67%) of them were unemployed, whereas in control group 20 (66.67%) of them were unemployed. In experimental group 24 (80%) were multi gravid, whereas in control group 17 (56.67%) were multi gravid. In experimental group 24 (80%) had previous history of caesarean section and in control group 15 (50%) had history of both. The mean pre test score in experimental group was 6.4±0.56 and mean post test score was 3.5±0.79. The ‘t’ value was 33.72 which is significant at p≤0.05 level. Hence H1 was retained at p≤0.05 level. The mean score in experimental group was 3.5±0.79 and mean score in control group was 6.1±0.65. The ‘t’ value was 15.66 which was significant at p≤0.05 level. Hence H2 was retained at p≤0.05 level. There was a significant association between educational status and pain among post caesarean mothers in experimental group. Hence H3 was retained at p≤0.05 level. There was no significant association between demographic variables and pain among post caesarean mothers in control group. Hence H3 was rejected at p≥0.05 level. Hence Hand and Foot Massage is one of the alternative and complementary therapies, which is simple, safe and cost effective and found to be effective in reducing pain after caesarean section and also promotes psychological wellbeing of the mother.

Objective This study has been performed as a parallel randomised controlled study to evaluate the impact of humour benefitted in contraception education of university students on the attitudes of students towards contraception methods. Methods The study sample was composed of 88 students (44 experiments, 44 controls) studying at a public university in Turkey. The study data were collected using the Questionnaire Form and the Family Planning Attitude Scale. The students were divided into experimental and control groups as per the pre-test score of the Family Planning Attitude Scale and gender using stratified block randomisation. The students were divided into groups of 10 people, and each group received a one-time education of 45–60 min. The content of the education was the same for the experimental and control groups, but additionally, the humour method was used during the education of the experimental group. The Family Planning Attitude Scale was re-applied to the students one month after the education. Number, percentage, mean value, Student t-test Mann Whitney-U test, and Chi-square test were used to evaluate the data. Results While there was no statistically significant difference between the pre-test mean scores of the students in the experimental and control groups (p > 0.05); the post-test showed a significantly higher mean score in the experimental group (p < 0.05) (1−β: 0.921, Cohen’s d: 0.658). While there was no significant difference between the pre-test and post-test total mean scores of the students in the control group (p > 0.05); the post-test mean score of the students in the experimental group was significantly higher than the pre-test mean (p < 0.05) (1−β: 1.000, Cohen’s d: 1.556). Conclusions The method of contraception education with humour given to university students is more effective than the education given ordinarily in developing attitudes towards contraceptives.

Background: Many menopausal women use complementary therapies to cope with the symptoms and yoga is one among them. The evidence suggesting that even the short-term practice of Yoga can decrease both psychological and physiological risk factors for menopausal symptoms. Objectives: The experimental study assessed the effectiveness of yoga therapy on menopausal symptoms among perimenopausal women. Materials and Method: A menopausal rating scale (10 items) was used to assess the effectiveness of yoga therapy among perimenopausal women. Results: The mean post test score 51.3 in the experimental group were found to be lesser than the mean pre-test scores 70.0. Mean post-test scores 69.3 and mean pre-test stress scores 72.9 in the control group had some variation. In order to find the significant difference, unpaired ‘t’ test was computed for experimental group (‘t’ (49) =25.27; p <0.001) and control group (‘t’ (49) =-7.8; p <0.001). Conclusion: The study concludes by showing that yoga therapy was effective to reduce some menopausal symptoms of women.

The effect of flipped learning on blood pressure knowledge and self-directed learning skills of first-year nursing students: A randomized controlled trial

Coping resources is one of the most important parts of promoting adaptive psycho physiological responsesinvolves adapting positive health practice because good health measures can prevent many illnesses. Socialsupport from family, friends and caregivers also is an important resource for adaptive psycho physiologicalresponses.A true experimental research study where experimental and Control group pre-test, post-test only design wasused to assess the effects of structured teaching programme on stress management. The data was collectedfrom 80 foster home children by a lottery method through randomization for experimental group and controlgroup by using structured interview schedule, the findings revealed that in experimental group the pre-testmean score was 37.72 and standard deviation=3.96 and in control group mean score= 37.43 and standarddeviation=3.96. In post-test findings the score and standard deviation in the experimental group was meanscore=78.10 and standard deviation= 4.01 and in the control group mean score= 37.90 and standard deviation=5.00 of the foster home children are having knowledge on stress management, therefore, the pre-test andpost-test score of the experimental group are having mean score=40.38 difference during the assessmentwhereas in the control group, the foster home children are only having mean score= .87 difference betweenpre-test and post-test assessment. The paired students ‘t’ test value was = 48.5 which is significant at P=0.001level and the chi-square test shows that there was significant association between post- test knowledge scorein the experimental group.

The popularity of social media between students can be used as a language teaching tool. One of popular is Instagram this is a social network that can be use to take pictures and videos, and share publicly or privately on the application. This study aims to research the effectiveness of using Instagram as a online media toward writing descriptive text. This research was conducted toward the tenth grade of senior high school 8 Jambi city in semester two there were 34 students participated in this test. Seventeen students participated in control class and also seventeen students in experimental class. Based on the researcher findings and discussion, it can be concluded that the use of instagram as online media toward writing descriptive text at the tenth grade of Senior high school 8 Jambi City. It was proven by the students mean score improvement from pre-test and post-test. The students mean score of pre test was 36,76. Which was classified as very poor classification, while that of post-test was higher than mean score of pre-test as 53.67 which was classified poor category. Moreover, based on the data analysis, t-test was value. It means that there was a significant difference. Therefore H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted. In other words, the use of instagram as online media toward writing skills students in descriptive text

The aim of this study is to investigate the comparison between the use of Directed Reading Activity (DRA) and Directed Reading Thinking Activity (DR-TA) methods on students’ reading comprehension. The research design was a quasi-experimental study by comparing two strategies of two experimental groups and one control group pretest - posttest design. It involved 94 participants that consisted of two experimental groups and one control group of the students of State Islamic Senior High School (MAN) Pekanbaru of Riau province. Three research questions and nine hypotheses were posed in this study in order to find out the significant difference between DRA and DR-TA methods on students’ reading comprehension. Pretest and posttest were administered in this study and independent sample t-test and paired sample t-test were used to analyze the data. The research finding showed that there was no significant difference of post-test mean scores between the experimental class 1 using DRA method and the experimental class 2 using DR-TA method on students’ reading comprehension. DRA method contributed the effect of improvement on students’ reading comprehension 76% while DR-TA contributed 72%, and on the other hand the control class contributed 49%. At last, it can make an inference that both DRA and DR-TA methods can be applied in teaching reading comprehension especially at State Islamic Senior High School Pekanbaru of Riau province, and generally in Senior high school level in Indonesia.

This mixed methods study aims to determine the effects of the developed Gradual Release of Responsibility Instructional Model (GRRIM) learning module on the academic achievement of Grade 9 students in Geometry. The topic chosen for the module development is one of the students’ identified least learned competencies, particularly in parallelograms and their properties. The study participants were five (5) module development experts and 110 students grouped into control and experimental groups. The control group was exposed to DepEd SLM, while the experimental group was exposed to GRRIM LM. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis, mean, independent samples t-test, and ANCOVA. The results of the thematic analysis of the focus group discussion revealed a module’s characteristics that embody the GRRIM approach’s different stages. Furthermore, findings indicated that after the intervention, the experimental group’s post-test mean scores were found to be at a moderate level. In contrast, the control group remained at a low level. Finally, the study revealed that when pre-test mean scores were treated as a covariate, there was a significant difference in the post-test mean scores between the control and experimental groups. The findings revealed that the students exposed to GRRIM LM performed better than those exposed to DepEd SLM.

<strong>Background:</strong> Marital conflicts bring about issues in marital relationships and increase the divorce rate. Sexual skill training can prevent some of the marital conflicts and sexual problems in women. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of schema therapy on sexual self-esteem in the women involved in marital conflicts in Ahvaz.<br /> <strong>Methods:</strong> The study design was quasi-experimental. The study population comprised all women with marital conflicts who referred to the psychological centers of Ahvaz in 2019; using convenience sampling, we selected 30 women willing to participate in the project and randomly divided them into experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. The research instrument included Marital Conflict Questionnaire (MCQ) and Sexual Self-Esteem Index for Woman-Short Form (SSEI-W-SF). The experimental group underwent eight sessions (90-minute sessions per week) of schema therapy. The follow-up was performed after 30 days. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 24.<br /> <strong>Results:</strong> In terms of sexual self-esteem, there was no significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the pre-test stage. Schema therapy effectively increased sexual self-esteem in women involved in marital conflicts in the experimental group (P<0.001). The mean pre-test and post-test scores of the experimental group were 106.26±8.05 and 128.76±6.77, respectively, which increased compared to the pre-test (107.13±6.71) and post-test (108.46±8.97) of the control group.<br /> <strong>Conclusions:</strong> Schema therapy can be employed to improve self-esteem in women involved in marital conflicts. In this way, the conflicts among couples and other family members can be reduced.

The aims of this research are to describe the students‘ reading achievement and to find out the effectiveness of using story face in teaching reading narrative text. This research is quantitative using quasi-experimental design with purposive sampling technique. The population was tenth grade students and the sample was the students of X TKR 2 consist of 37 students as experimental group and X TKR 13 consist of 33 students as control group. The technique of collecting data are making instrument, expert judgment and conducting pre-test, treatment and post-test. The pre-test mean score in experimental class was 70.92 and control class was 70.55. Meanwhile, the post-test mean score in experimental class was 68.54 and control class was 67.76. It was obtained that z-value was 0.133 and the z-table was 1.96 for alpha (α) 5%. The z-value was lower than z-table (0.133&lt;1.96) It means that Ha was rejected and Ho was accepted. Therefore, the researcher concludes that story face was ineffective in teaching reading narrative text at the tenth grade students of SMK TKMT Kebume in the academic year of 2019/2020.