Industrial Cloud-Based Cyber-Physical Systems

Recent developments in the field of cyber physical systems (CPS) and internet of things (IoT) open up new possibilities in manufacturing. CPS and IoT represent enabling means for facilitating the companies’ adaptation to the ever-changing market needs and adoption of individualized manufacturing paradigm. It is foreseen that implementation of CPS and IoT will lead to new industrial revolution known as Industry 4.0. The fourth industrial revolution will bring about the radical changes in manufacturing process control through distribution of control tasks to intelligent devices. On the other hand, over the last decades International Electrotechnical Commission invested significant efforts in generation of the standard IEC 61499 for distributed automation systems. In this paper we provide the outline of the interconnection of IEC 61499 standard and Reference Architecture Model Industrie 4.0 in cyber physical production systems. The findings of the paper are illustrated using a realistic case study—an example of pneumatic manipulator that is made of CPS devices.

Cyber Physical Systems (CPSs) are both software and hardware intense systems which are integrated into the digital world. An increasingly relevant application area for CPSs are software-driven industrial Production Automation Systems. A major driver of these Cyber Physical Production Systems is the need to integrate intelligent and smart functionalities into the production process at runtime that can run in the cyber world and do not radically change the underlying control flow of the physical plant. To gather the necessary knowledge for smart functionalities both cyber and physical parts must be captured, kept and analyzed together in a suitable CPS architecture – also despite frequent evolutionary changes during their whole (usually relative long) life span. This paper addresses this problem by presenting a service-component architecture for smart service-oriented CPSs which can manage implicit knowledge by acquiring, handling and analyzing domain specific service-components with respect to the CPS context.

Cyber-Physical System (CPS) is a symbol of the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) by integrating physical and computational processes which can associate with humans in various ways. In short, the relationship between Cyber networks and the physical component is known as CPS, which is assisting to incorporate the world and influencing our ordinary life significantly. In terms of practical utilization of CPS interacting abundant difficulties. Currently, CPS is involved in modern society very vastly with many uptrend perspectives. All the new technologies by using CPS are accelerating our journey of innovation. In this paper, we have explained the research areas of 14 important domains of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) including aircraft transportation systems, battlefield surveillance, chemical production, energy, agriculture (food supply), healthcare, education, industrial automation, manufacturing, mobile devices, robotics, transportation, and vehicular. We also demonstrated the challenges and future direction of each paper of all domains. Almost all articles have limitations on security, data privacy, and safety. Several projects and new dimensions are mentioned where CPS is the key integration. Consequently, the researchers and academicians will be benefited to update the CPS workspace and it will help them with more research on a specific topic of CPS. 158 papers are studied in this survey as well as among these, 98 papers are directly studied with the 14 domains with challenges and future instruction which is the first survey paper as per the knowledge of authors.

Safety Professionals know that the best solution to preventing accidents in the workplace boils down to engineering out the hazards. If there isn't any hazard or exposure, there can't be any accident. If you accept the premise that the ultimate method for protecting workers on the job requires the removal or engineering-out of hazards in the workplace, this text is for you. The Handbook of Safety Engineering: Principles and Applications provides instruction in basic engineering principles, the sciences, cyber operations, math operations, mechanics, fire science (water hydraulics, etc.), electrical safety, and the technical and administrative aspects of the safety profession in an accessible and straightforward way. It serves students of safety and practitioners in the field_especially those studying for professional certification examinations_by placing more emphasis on engineering aspects and less on regulatory and administrative requirements. This practical handbook will serve as an important reference guide for students, professors, industrial hygienists, senior level undergraduate and graduate students in safety and industrial engineering, science and engineering professionals, safety researchers, engineering designers, human factor specialists, and all other safety practitioners.

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) integrate computation with physical processes. For the last years, CPS have been in the focus of research and are getting adopted in multiple domains like health care, automotive and smart factories. The use of CPS promises dynamic adaption of systems to changing environmental and economic conditions through autonomous CPS decisions based on the physical process. In industrial process automation, research and adoption of CPS have to account for the severe safety restrictions that dominate the system design in this domain. To transfer the benefits of CPS application to process automation, the CPS must be able to formally verify the safety of its autonomous reconfiguration decisions. This paper proposes a domain model for safety-critical CPS in industrial process automation to serve as foundation for formal CPS algorithms.

First, we present a large expert system. Advice, that has been built to help evaluate the study plans of Systems and Industrial Engineering graduate students. We explain system requirement, program architecture, technical characteristics, and system evaluation. Advice has four components: a knowledge base, an inference engine, a database and an external Interface file. A novel feature of Advice is its use of a DECtalk voice synthesizer that talks to the user. External functions allow M.1 to communicate with this voice syn- thesizer as well as with dBASE II files where the attributes of each course are stored. Although checking study plans may seem like a forward chaining problem, we used M.1 because of its user friendliness and Its convenient support of external functions. Verification and validation was performed to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the system. Advice saved time for both the students and the professors. and provided more accurate and more comprehensive advice for the students. Finally we present a statistical analysis of 25 smal expert systems that were written by undergraduate and graduate students in Systems and Industrial Engineering at the University of Arizona in partial fulfillment of the requirements of a one semester course in Expert Systems From this analysis we conclude that novice knowledge engineers require three to four hours for each kilo byte of knowledge base.

We address a co-design of a controller and the underlying communication network in cloud-based cyber-physical systems. When communication occurs over shared resources, delays often arise that may have destabilizing effects on the closed-loop system. In order to ensure an optimal control design in the presence of such delays, not only is it useful to have a delay-aware controller but a method by which optimal assignment of delays can be imposed on the communication network links. In this paper, we propose a delay-aware stable feedback controller that judiciously accommodates the most recent state information and a machine learning (ML) based method for determining the optimal delay assignment. This ML method consists of an offline training of a neural network whose inputs are a set of selected delays and outputs are relevant performance-optimizing metrics. The resulting neural network is shown to be capable of learning the optimal delay assignment to the various links in the communication network and therefore yielding optimal performance. The proposed method is validated using a power system case study of an IEEE 68-bus, and shown to result in a notable performance improvement where in 91% of the cases a near-optimal performance can be realized.

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) form an emerging discipline that integrates embedded computers with the physical processes under control. Typically, Cyber-Physical applications include low profile computing components, such as sensors and actuators that must communicate to carry out complex tasks. They may be found in different applications domains e.g. intelligent buildings, industrial automation or critical infrastructure control. This kind of applications requires certain features such as autonomy, fault tolerance, energy efficiency or solving heterogeneity and configurability issues. However, managing the communication issues in this kind of applications can be relatively complex. In this scenario, middleware technologies can help developers in the design of the next generation of CPS. This work describes the design principles of a type of CPS that requires cooperation. More specifically, it presents a generic family of logical cooperation topologies capable of adapting dynamically to changes in the environment.

Logarithmic encryption scheme for cyber–physical systems employing Fibonacci Q-matrix

Modern manufacturing systems are best examples where networked embedded controllers and mechatronic devices form the so-called distributed cyber physical systems (CPS). Design and deployment of such systems pose significant challenges to traditional PLC-based software design approaches. In this paper, a unified framework for the design and deployment of such systems based on a formal language, SystemJ, is presented. The proposed framework supports implementing distributed CPS at system level abstraction with correct by construction design. The designed software components can easily interact with each other and with web-based interface for modelling and validation via simulation and subsequently run on embedded controllers without any change, which simplifies the design and implementation process significantly. An ice-cream manufacturing system (ICMF) example is presented to illustrate the proposed approach.

Cyber-physical Systems (CPS) combine human-machine interaction, the physical world around us, and software aspects by integrating physical systems with communication networks. Opportunities and research challenges are largely interconnected with the three core sub-domains of CPS m computation, communication and control. The current state of the art of the legacy communication technology is one of the major hindrances limiting the evolution of CPS. Most specifically, innovation in communication is restricted with existing routing and switching technologies leaving no practical methods for researchers to test their new ideas. Software Defined Networking (SDN), through the realization of OpenFlow, separates network control logic from the underlying physical routers and switches. This phenomenon allows researchers to write high-level control programs specifying the behavior of the core networks used to implement CPS and thus, enable innovation in next generation communication architectures for CPS. In this paper, we propose a SDN architecture for industrial automation. Network design requirements are extracted from formal component specifications which support the generation of automatic network configurations. The proposed SDN architecture aims to leverage Industry 4.0 and Smart Factories, to bring together industrial automation installations with networking and Internet technologies.

Summary form only given. While industrial automation has long been associated with the increase of manufacturing productivity, much of the current motivation behind the development of advanced automation techniques is driven by the need to enhance product quality, increase the safety of the operational environment, and quickly respond to changing consumer demands for new products. In this paper, we introduce some modern principles underlying the design and operation of advanced automation systems, then describe several industrial implementations in both manufacturing and service sectors. Special attention is paid to the concept of mass customization, and its potential impact on the growth of small enterprises. We start with the design stage, then look at the manufacturing process, and discuss the application of advanced automation concepts to the processing of both metals and textiles. The role of computer based modeling and inspection as quality control tools is examined. Finally, we present several recent developments in intelligent robotic systems, and describe their applications. Specific examples involving maintenance and repairs in nuclear power generation plants are discussed.

The paper outlines the development of a senior-level laboratory for demonstration and hands-on activities related to various maintenance technologies. This laboratory has been developed as part of a course entitled Introduction to Maintenance Engineering, which is designed for seniors and first-year graduate students in engineering. The course and the accompanying laboratory were developed at The University of Tennessee under an NSF-CRCD grant. Students learn the principles of various maintenance technologies as they are practiced by U.S. industry. Six laboratory modules, spanning the important maintenance technologies, are currently available. The scope of the Laboratory has been enhanced by providing Internet access to machinery data. 1. Introduction The University of Tennessee, Knoxville has a well-established certificate program in Maintenance and Reliability Engineering. This program is designed primarily for undergraduate students in engineering. In addition, a graduate certificate program in Maintenance and Reliability Engineering is available for both on-campus and distant students 3 . The course entitled

While cyber physics system (CPS) provides forward-looking and personalized services for users, it also creates conditions for the spread of malware. Therefore, it’s critical for us to analyse affecting factors and study the propagation characteristics of malware. On the basis of the difference of intelligent device’s dissemination capacity and discriminant ability, a dynamic malware propagation model (Disseminate&Discriminate-Spread-Exposed-Ignorant-Recover, DDSEIR ) is proposed. First, intelligent devices are classified into different groups according to the level of dissemination capability by hierarchical mechanism, which takes the networks topology into account. And subsequently, intelligent device’s discriminant ability can be evaluated by sender’s identity and information attributes. Then, the mean field equation is constructed to analyze the dynamic characteristics of DDSEIR and the factors that influence malware propagation, which is used to further derive the malware propagation scale and threshold value of diffusion. Finally, this paper uses Live Journal dataset to verify the effectiveness of DDSEIR . The experiments illustrate that intelligent device’s dissemination capacity and discriminant ability have significant influences on malware propagation.

“Cyber-physical systems” (CPS) is a term that describes integrating physical processes with computational systems to create intelligent and interconnected systems. This research focuses on two core components of CPS: the cyber and the physical layers, and how the two layers work in collaboration to drive innovation across healthcare and energy management. It also includes architectural design principles, enabling technologies, and key applications, such as smart cities, autonomous vehicles, and industrial automation. It discusses the challenges faced during CPS development, such as real-time constraints, interoperability, cybersecurity risks, and ethical considerations, making for a comprehensive view of the challenges and opportunities in the field. Finally, the study concludes with a forward-looking perspective on the transformative potential of CPS, making its critical role in defining the future of industries, technological advancements, and social progress clear. As the journey of CPS continues forward, its integration into digital twins, metaverse applications, and Industry 5.0 will redefine interaction with technology, pushing innovation and efficiency to new levels. This chapter will provide a deep dive into the state of the art and the future directions for CPSs, providing some insights that are useful to researchers, practitioners, and students in the field for the next generation of technological advancements.