Information exchange and collaborative problem-solving roles in organizational conflict resolution

This article explores the import of the network society for conflict resolution, broadly defined. Defining networks as social structures which connect people to each other, the article highlights the dual potential impacts of networks on participation in conflict resolution processes. Network society discourse creates a discourse of inclusion while also offering opportunities for exclusion. Conflict resolution theory has embraced the inclusive potential of network dynamics both implicitly and explicitly. Peacebuilders use networks, with their potential for participation and connecting conflict resolution processes, levels, and sectors, in efforts to do their peacebuilding work better. However, not all networks support conflict resolution. Networks can also reinforce conflicts, institutionalize exploitation, exacerbate inequalities, and strengthen violent conflict movements. Networks can be distinguished as inclusive or exclusive. Inclusive networks are more suitable for supporting meaningful participation in conflict resolution processes, while exclusive networks entrench conflict. Vibrant networks incorporate more inclusive and more exclusive dynamics in network vitality that allows both flexibly incorporating diversity and developing clarity of focus that inevitably delineates areas (or people or activities) outside the area of focus. Meaningful inclusion and participation in conflict resolution negotiations is broadly possible through inclusive networks, but forms of exclusion from conflict resolution negotiations are equally possible outgrowths of exclusive networks.

124 SEER, 82, I, 2004 isthatit 'examinesthe orientationand trendsof Ukraine'sforeignand security policy from the perspective of severaldifferentand often opposing schools of international relations theory. It is, in short, an attempt to link area studies and internationalrelationstheory througha focus on Ukraine'sforeignpolicy orientation' (pp. 2-3). The contributors indeed draw on a variety of IR theories, although most incline to 'constructivism' over 'realism'. On the whole, the book sensiblyavoidsseekingan artificiallynarrowedconsensusand there is much that is interestingand useful amongst the conflictingviews (or, as Moroney puts it on page 7, 'widearrayof plausibleperspectives')expressed in the volume. Some contributors claim to see an underlying consistency in Ukraine's foreign policy since I99i; to others 'Ukrainian foreign policy is that of oscillation' (p. 227). Some see that consistency as maintaining an underlying pro-Western course; others see an inevitable balancing act. However, the theoretical pluralismencouraged by the editors does not necessarilyproduce divergent opinions given the constraining reality of Ukrainian circumstance . As Paul D'Anieri wisely points out, 'the same policy patternsseem to validate both power politics and constructivistapproaches. Currently, both internal identity politics and external geopolitics motivate Ukraine towards the same policy:workto establishclose ties with Europe, distinguishUkraine from Russia, but do not make any fundamental break with Russia. In that sensepolicies over the lastten yearshave been overdetermined'(p. 52). There is a sensible balance in most authors' approaches between identity politics, 'realism',the external nexus and contingent factors,such as a useful chapter by Tor Bukkvollon Ukraine's new business groups and their (again often divergent) foreign policy preferences. Mikhail Molchanov's conclusion 'even ifthisbook does not claim to have produceda singleoverarching approach to cover most of the problems involved, it demonstrated the value of such a combination of methods' (p. 277) is apt. This is a much richer book on Ukrainian foreign and security policy than any other that has appearedto date. School ofSlavonic andEastEuropean Studies ANDREW WILSON UTniversity CollegeLondon van Tongeren, Paul, van de Veen, Hans and Verhoeven, Juliette (eds). Searchingfor PeaceinEurope andEurasia.An Overview ofConflict Prevention and Peacebuilding Activities.A Project of the European Centre for Conflict Prevention.Lynne Rienner Publishers,Boulder,CO, and London, 2002. xvi + 832 pp. Illustrations. Maps. Tables. Appendices. Bibliography. Indexes. ?53 95 THEbook under review is a collection of essays written by more than forty scholars and commentators, and is a major contribution to the critical study of conflict resolution and peacebuilding in internationalrelations.It provides insights into the dynamics of conflict and peacemaking activities in Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia, focusing on the effortsof regional organizations and NGOs. The book's emphasis is on the role of civil society in the REVIEWS 125 processes of peace and conflict resolution, and gives a thorough coverage of the activitiesof grassrootsgroups.It isthe productof 'The SearchingforPeace Program of the European Centre for Conflict Prevention' (Utrecht, The Netherlands) established in cooperation with a number of regional and internationalorganizationsand governments. The book is dividedinto threeparts,and benefitsfroma rich and accessible directoryon the profilesof 400 organizationsin Europe and Eurasiaworking in the field. Readerswill alsofindusefultwo setsof appendices and indexes. The firstpartpresentsa number of theoreticaland empiricalstudieson the role of the EU and OSCE in the process of conflict resolution and peacebuilding in Europe and Eurasia. The question of minorities, ethnic differences, emigration, peacemaking and conflict prevention in Western Europe, SouthernEurope,Russia,is examined in detail.Forthisreviewer,the most interesting and constructive contribution is by Michael Lund. Having emphasized the importance of learning lessons from a variety of experiences, he providesinsightsinto the understandingof thepreventionof violent conflict by offering three major steps for effective country-level prevention. These include conflict analysis, prevention analysis and prevention action. Lund's assessmentis that publicity and lobbying do not automaticallylead to more effectiveprevention, rather,morepoliticalpressureneeds to be applied. Part two provides case studies on conflict prevention and peacemaking in NorthernIreland,Spain, Cyprus,andTurkeyand in the countriesof Southern Europe, particularlyKosovo. Other discussions focus on Eurasia including Russia, the southern Caucusus and Central Asia. The major contribution to this section is by Anna Matveeva in her case studieson the Caucasus region. She argues that conflict in this region could spill over to threaten Russian national security and is influenced by the situation in neighbouring states, particularly in the shape...

The study investigated HIV/AIDS knowledge and the use of condom as prevention among the university students in south west Nigeria. A total of 750 students were chosen as subjects using a multistage sampling technique, and a structured questionnaire was used to gather information from the subjects. Research questions were raised and research hypothesis was formulated. Descriptive statistic were used for the socio demographic characteristics, and research question, while the inferential statistics of pearson product moment correlation coefficient was employed to test the hypothesis at 0.05 level of significant. The findings showed that, there existed a significant relationship between the students knowledge of HIV/AIDS and the use of condom as prevention. It was recommended among these that, adequate knowledge about reproductive health, especially sex education should be given priority in our school from secondary and tertiary levels, and government should emphasize on health education as introduce health science back into the secondary school curriculum, because the university students who is expected to pass through this level of education would have gained adequate knowledge about HIV/AIDS and use of condom, since this time usually the experimental stage for sexual activity.

Leadership Negotiation Skill as Correlate of University Conflict Resolution in Nigeria

This study analyzed the impact of emotional intelligence on the conflict resolution effectiveness of HR practitioners in the major cities of Pakistan. The research also focused on the value of the various elements of emotional intelligence on the conflict resolution approach taken and the results achieved. Within the study, 150 HR practitioners completed emotional intelligence and conflict resolution effectiveness questionnaires, in addition to 20 senior professionals who were involved in semi-structured interviews. The five cities of Pakistan, i.e. Karachi, Lahore, Islamabad, Peshawar, and Quetta, were the target sample cities of this research study. This research study lasted from January to April 2025. The results of the quantitative study showed the presence of positive correlations in the emotional intelligence elements of self-awareness, self-regulation, empathy, social skills, and conflict resolution effectiveness, with the strongest and most significant resolution effectiveness correlation being empathy (r=0.782, p<0.001). The results of the qualitative findings showed the five self-regulated and emotionally intelligent HR professionals active, implemented and utilized the strategies of listening, emotional regulation, perspective-taking, collaborative problem-solving, relationship maintenance, and these strategies were linked with and formed successful outcomes in conflict resolution. Based on these findings, this research study showed that in the Pakistani context, emotional intelligence positively impacts the workplace conflict resolution skills of HR professionals and is thus, an important skill that they should possess to maintain workplace harmony.

The active role of women in the process of conflict resolution expected on resulting policy with gender perspective and accelerate the process of peace. In reality, women have limited participation in the conflict resolution process, so it will result the bias gender policy and not in favour of women interest. Matrilineal cultural system is not asure that women have more power in the eforts of peace. For example is the case of rehabilitation and reconstruction conflict at Pasar Raya Padang after September 30th, 2009 earthquake. This paper explain the role of women in the contex of Minangkabau matrilineal cultural system in the conflict resolution process at Pasar Raya Padang rehabilitation and reconstruction. This paper describe participation, the strength and weakness of women, and the meaning of matrilineal culture for the role of women in the process of conflict resolution.

The modern day priesthood is not just about preaching or meeting the spiritual need, but also the ability to competently attend to the physical and psychological needs of the congregants. A priest is expected to discharge assigned duties in such a way that optimum success is achieved. However, while priest are being theologically prepared, there is the need to also examine some of the psychological traits that could help priests to be successful in the work of the gospel. Hence, this study examined perceived professional characteristics as correlates of success potential of Catholic Priests in selected Dioceses in Southwest Nigeria. The professional characteristics used in the study are genuineness, unconditional positive regard, empathic understanding and reflective listening. The study adopted the descriptive research design of correlational type. Simple random sampling was used to select three Catholic dioceses in the Southwest of Nigeria while, all population sampling technique was used to select 203 priests that formed the respondents of this study. Questionnaire was used to collect data for the study which include Success Potential Scale (α = 0.85), Empathy Scale (α = 0.79), Reflective Listening Scale (α = 0.89) and Unconditional Positive Regard Scale (α = 0.81). Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) and Multiple Linear Regression were used for data analysis at 0.05 level of significance. The result of the study shows that genuineness (r=.503, p<0.01), unconditional positive regard (r=.776, p<0.01), empathic understanding (r= .746, p<0.01) and reflective listening (r=.746, p<0.01) had positive relationship with success potential of the priests. The independent variables had significant joint contribution of 65.4% to success potential of the respondents. In addition, reflective listening (β= 0.427, t= 4.919, p <.01), unconditional positive regard (β= 0.264, t= 2.521, p <.05), empathic understanding (β= 0.155, t= 2.431, p <.05) and genuineness (β= 0.112, t= 2.188, p <.05) had significant relative contribution to success potential of the Priests. Based on this study, it was concluded that genuineness, unconditional positive regard, empathic understanding and reflective listening are professional characteristics that correlate with success potential of Catholic Priests in Selected Dioceses in Southwest Nigeria. Keywords: Success potential, professional characteristics, genuineness, unconditional positive regard DOI: 10.7176/DCS/10-3-04 Publication date: March 31 st 2020

This chapter discusses the relevance of considering human rights in the context of conflict resolution interventions and processes, arguing that doing so can enhance the transformative potential of such efforts. It contends that incorporating a human rights perspective in our analysis of and approach to destructive or violent conflict deepens the understanding of the issues at stake and how to work effectively towards sustainable peace. Taking human rights into account prompts more emphasis on underlying conditions that are pivotal in generating, escalating and transforming such conflict –notably the role of the state, systems of governance, and issues of power– than is often common in conflict resolution initiatives. Considering human rights also benefits the design of conflict resolution processes and assessment of options for resolution. Yet drawing on human rights standards, concepts and practices in conflict resolution is not straightforward; various challenges that may arise, implying that ‘human rights’ are no panacea for all trials and tribulations encountered in conflict resolution. The chapter nevertheless identifies some practical implications for conflict resolution that provide opportunities to boost its transformative impact.

While the challenges of improving young people's citizenship skills seem to lie in the hands of schools, studying alternative ways of teaching conflict resolution could benefit current educational systems. Judicial committees – a democratic approach to conflict resolution – like those practiced in free schools – schools where students and teachers are largely entitled to similar rights and obligations – represent such an alternative. The present inquiry is an ethnographic case study that draws upon complexity thinking. It aims at understanding students' experiences during free school judicial committees. It argues that, in a school where students enjoy a significant amount of freedom, students interacted in many ways. This gave rise to some conflicts. To tackle them, students followed various procedures inherent to judicial committees. During these activities, students mostly experienced a combination of feelings while engaging in conflict resolution processes and modifying their conflict resolution skills. The study ends by arguing that conventional schools can draw upon the principles associated to judicial committees to further how they teach conflict resolution.

This paper examined the psychological challenges and school adjustment of undergraduates with physical disabilities in Rivers State owned universities which are Rivers State University, Port Harcourt and Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Rumuolumeni. The paper adopted a correlational research design and was guided by three research questions and three corresponding hypotheses. The aim of the paper was to determine the relationship between psychological challenges and school adjustment of undergraduates with physical disabilities in Rivers State owned universities. The population comprised of twenty-five (25) undergraduates with physical or mobility impairment. Hence, the population and the sample size are the same, the sampling technique adopted was the census sampling technique or block sampling technique. The instrument of data collection was a self-developed questionnaire which was validated by three experts in Special Education, Psychology as well as Measurement and Evaluation. The reliability of the instrument was obtained using Pearson Product Moment Correlation and a co-efficient of 0.85 obtained. The research questions were answered and hypotheses tested using Pearson Product Moment Correlation at 0.05 level of significance. The results on the test on hypotheses revealed that there is significant negative relationship between anxiety, depression, low self-esteem and scholastic adjustment of undergraduates with physical disabilities in Rivers State owned universities. The paper recommended among others that the university administration should give more time to undergraduates with physical disabilities to complete and turn in assignments and examination because of the strain their disability puts on them.

ObjectivesTo investigate the independent contribution of change in sub-total body fat and lean mass to cognitive performance, specifically the executive processes of selective attention and conflict resolution, in community-dwelling older women.MethodsThis secondary analysis included 114 women aged 65 to 75 years old. Participants were randomly allocated to once-weekly resistance training, twice-weekly resistance training, or twice-weekly balance and tone training. The primary outcome measure was the executive processes of selective attention and conflict resolution as assessed by the Stroop Test. Sub-total body fat and lean mass were measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to determine the independent association of change in both sub-total body fat and sub-total body lean mass with Stroop Test performance at trial completion.ResultsA multiple linear regression model showed reductions in sub-total body fat mass to be independently associated with better performance on the Stroop Test at trial completion after accounting for baseline Stroop performance, age, baseline global cognitive state, baseline number of comorbidities, baseline depression, and experimental group. The total variance explained was 39.5%; change in sub-total body fat mass explained 3.9% of the variance. Change in sub-total body lean mass was not independently associated with Stroop Test performance (P>0.05).ConclusionOur findings suggest that reductions in sub-total body fat mass – not sub-total lean mass – is associated with better performance of selective attention and conflict resolution.

This study assessed attitude and self-efficacy as correlates of job performance and satisfaction of technical and vocational educators in North-east Nigeria. Four research questions guided the study. Four null hypotheses were tested at .05 level of significance. Correlational survey research design was adopted for the study. The study was carried out in Adamawa, Bauchi, Borno, Gombe, Taraba and Yobe States tertiary institutions in North-east, Nigeria. The population for the study consisted of 163 technical and vocational educators from 22 federal and state-owned universities and colleges of education in North-east Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The reliability of the instrument was established using Cronbach’s alpha formular which yielded reliability coefficient values of 0.88, 0.72, 0.85 and 0.77. Data were analyzed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation coefficient. The results showed that there is negligible and low positive relationship between attitude and job performance and satisfaction of technical and vocational educators in North-east Nigeria. There is moderate and substantial positive relationship between self-efficacy and job performance and satisfaction of technical and vocational educators. The study further revealed that there is significant relationship between attitude, self-efficacy and job performance and satisfaction of technical and vocational educators in tertiary institutions North-east Nigeria. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that educational agencies and professional associations should collaborate with tertiary institutions to organize workshops and seminars for technical and vocational educators at regular interval to strengthen abilities to ensure effective performance by educators to achieve the objectives of tertiary education as entrenched in the National Policy on Education. Article visualizations:

The Stroop test is a widely used neuropsychological test measuring attention and conflict resolution, which shows sensitivity across a range of diseases, including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and Huntington’s diseases. A rodent analogue of the Stroop test, the Response-Conflict task (rRCT), allows for systematic investigation of the neural systems underpinning performance in this test. Little is known about the involvement of the basal ganglia in this neural process. The aim of this study was to use the rRCT to determine whether striatal subregions are recruited during conflict resolution processing. To achieve this, rats were exposed to Congruent or Incongruent stimuli in the rRCT and the expression patterns of the immediate early gene Zif268 were analysed throughout cortical, hippocampal and basal ganglia subregions. The results confirmed the previously reported involvement of prefrontal cortical and hippocampal regions, as well as identifying a specific role for the dysgranular (but not granular) retrosplenial cortex in conflict resolution. Finally, performance accuracy correlated significantly with reduced neural activation in the dorsomedial striatum. Involvement of the basal ganglia in this neural process has not previously been reported. These data demonstrate that the cognitive process of conflict resolution requires not only prefrontal cortical regions, but also recruits the dysgranular retrosplenial cortex and the medial region of the neostriatum. These data have implications for understanding the neuroanatomical changes that underpin impaired Stroop performance in people with neurological disorders.

This study examined artificial intelligence adoption and operational efficiency of international shipping companies in South-West Nigeria. The study adopted the correlational research design, the quantitative research approach and the positivist research philosophy. The population of this study comprised 12 international shipping companies registered with the Nigerian Shipping Council in the South-West Geopolitical Zone of Nigeria. The census sampling technique was adopted where all the population was used as the sample size for the study. The unit of analysis consisted of managers of international shipping companies in South-West Nigeria. Data were collected from the respondents using a structured questionnaire. The data collected were analyzed statistically while the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (PPMCC) and the SPSS version 24 were used to test the hypotheses. The findings revealed that machine learning adoption has a significant relationship with cost efficiency and time efficiency of international shipping companies in South-West Nigeria. Robotic adoption was also found to have a significant relationship with cost efficiency and time efficiency of international shipping companies in South-West Nigeria. The study equally revealed that predictive analytic adoption was significantly related to cost efficiency and time efficiency of international shipping companies in South-West Nigeria. From the findings, it was concluded that the adoption of AI technologies, such as machine learning, robotics and predictive analytics, significantly enhance operational efficiency of international shipping companies in South-West Nigeria. Based on the findings and conclusion, it was recommended that shipping companies in Nigeria should adopt AI technologies, such as machine learning, robotics and predictive analytics, as it would enhance their operational efficiency.

The study focused on ascertaining the extent violent media games’ contents relate to aggressive behavior among in-school adolescents. Two specific purposes, and two research questions guided the study. Two hypotheses were tested. The study adopted correlational research design. The population of the study was 30,839 students from 128 public secondary schools which consists of 15, 676 males and 15,163 female students. The sample of the study was 395 students. Multi stage sampling procedure was adopted for the study. The instruments for data collection were structured questionnaire titled: (1) Violent Media Games Content, and (2) Aggressive Behavior Questionnaire. The instruments were face validated by one specialist in measurement and evaluation and two specialists in Guidance and Counselling, all from Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki. The reliability of the instruments were established using Cronbach Alpha, and yielded a coefficient value of 0.856. 359 copies of the instruments were distributed to the respondents with the help of three research assistants. All the copies were returned. The research questions were answered using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (PPMCC). The PPMCC was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. It was revealed that low level positive relationship exist between violent media games’ content and aggressive behavior among in-school adolescents and there was a statistical significant relationship between violent media Games’ content and Aggressive behavior based on gender. It was recommended, among other things, that school authorities should organize workshops for in-school adolescents in order to educate male and female students on the danger of watching violent media games, while the government should regulate the kinds of media games imported into the country.