Information technology based on noise-like signals

This paper presents a safety assessment model with regard to electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) fault suitable for estimating the EMC failure probability (EMC FP) of the complex system facing uncertain electromagnetic environment. First, the model is successfully applied to decompose the complex system into different independent subsystem and equipment. Then the practical EMI scenario is modeled as different typical EMC problem, such as the Plane Wave Coupling and Crosstalk respectively. After that the fault tree analysis (FTA) is proposed to use in combination with electromagnetic topology (EMT) calculating the EMC FP of the system. A focus is put on the practical case of the Desktop Management Interface (DMI) system. In this context, a system-level EMC safety assessment model has been applied to solve EMC FP by uncertainty analysis in high speed railways with the complex electromagnetic environment.

This paper focuses the application of absorbing material in Integrated Circuits (IC), proposed that IC package coated absorbing material inside can suppress the electromagnetic interference (EMI) in IC chip which caused by the outside complex electromagnetic environment, as well as reducing the electromagnetic radiation caused by chip itself. This proposal is well demonstrated by finite difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Two different configurations of thin absorbing material coating, “Single” and “Double”, are studied in this paper. In the first of simulation, the complex electromagnetic environment is modeled as the Gaussian incident plane wave; in the second, two adjacent pins are chosen as signal port and ground port, to simulate the electromagnetic radiation caused by chip. Finally, to analyze the performance of absorbing material by comparing shielding effectiveness (SE). The analysis process can provide for IC chip electromagnetic compatibility (EMC).

Plasma, as a special state of matter, has an effect on its inner conductors. Practically in the plasma environment, the effect may induce surface to charge and discharge, and may degrade the performance of spacecraft. Therefore, this effect needs to be further studied in the electromagnetic compatibility. The energy in a conductors' system is a key factor of the effect, which can also be used to depict the system consisting of relevant conductors and plasma environment. In order to investigate the essence of the system, the variational method is adopted. So with considering the electromagnetic compatibility and protection of this system, the energy of related conductors should be estimated by the theoretical method in the plasma environment. In the stochastic movement, electrons are faster than the irons. Therefore, the negative energy is cumulated. Considering the definition of capacitance, the system energy can be represented by the conductor capacitance and charging potential. Meanwhile, from the plasma kinetic theory, the potential can be obtained in the steady state. Thus, the relations among electromagnetic parameters of conductors, environmental features of plasma, and systematic energy are established, from which the corresponding Collin principle is also investigated. The principle indicates the system essence in the complex electromagnetic environment. In order to illustrate the utility of the variational principle, a simple cubic model is theoretically analyzed directly. From the typical instance, the relation between the geometric dimension and electric energy is illustrated, which is in consistence with the results in the early literature. The relation between secondary electrons and systematic energy is also analyzed. Starting from these theoretical investigations, in order to estimate the complicated structures, the analysis needs to be generalized further. With the assistance of discrete technology, the numerical method is established for analyzing the system energy of the complex conductive system in plasma environment. The generalized method is based on the equation with integral operator, in the calculation of which the method of moment is practically employed. As an application, the estimated energy of cube in plasma environment is compared with the theoretical estimation and the numerical estimation, which are in good agreement with each other. And then a composited structure is numerically analyzed. Obviously, the vairational analysis is beneficial to investigating the physical and principal regulation for conductors in the plasma environment, and the generalized method has wide potential applications in controlling the energy of complex charged conductors, electromagnetic protection, compatibility engineering in plasma environment, etc.

The structure of modern information and communication systems (ICS) is characterized by considerable spatial diversity of a large number of interacting subscribers. In these conditions, technologies of processing, storage, protection, transmission and reception of information on the network under conditions of natural and artificial interferences (impacts), as well as limited frequency and energy resources of ICS play an extremely important role in ensuring the quality of service of end users. ICS, especially for critical applications, are increasingly demanding to ensure the effectiveness of their functioning (speed of information transmission, electromagnetic compatibility, noise immunity, information security, survivability, secrecy, information security). The ability to implement these requirements is largely disregarded by applicable information technology. There is a contradiction between the strict requirements for secrecy, confidentiality, integrity, authenticity of data stored and transmitted through communication lines, on the one hand, and existing models, methods and technologies for managing telecommunications networks, information security, services and quality of service, on the other hand. The main ways to resolve this contradiction is to increase the noise immunity, secrecy and information security of ICS based on the improvement of methodological bases for the construction of ICS by developing methods of information exchange, methods of synthesis of signals of physical data carriers with the necessary properties. The principles of construction of derivative signal systems are given. The requirements for output and source signals are defined. The justification of the possibility of using random (pseudorandom) processes for the production of signals is used to construct them. The results of studies of ensemble, correlation, and structural properties of the obtained systems of derivative signals are presented. It is shown that the use of this class of complex nonlinear discrete signals in modern ICS will improve such performance indicators of such systems as noise immunity, information and structural stealth.

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) is the ability of a Radio communication Equipment (RCE) to operate with a desired quality of service in a given Electromagnetic Environment (EME) and not to create harmful interference with other RCE. This paper presents an algorithm which improves the simulation speed of estimating EMC of RCE in a complex EME, based on a stage by stage frequency-energy filtering criterion. This algorithm considers different interference types including: Blocking and intermodulation. It consist of the following steps: simplified energy criterion where filtration is based on comparing the free space interference level to the industrial noise, frequency criterion which checks whether the interfering emissions characteristic overlap with the receiver's channels characteristic and lastly the detailed energy criterion where the real channel interference level is compared to the noise level. In each of these stages some interference cases are filtered out by the relevant criteria. This reduces the total number of dual and different combinations of RCE involved in the tedious detailed energy analysis and thus provides an improved simulation speed.

Предметом вивчення є процеси забезпечення безпроводової завадостійкої передачі дискретної інформації на грунті надширокосмугових сигналів з високою інформаційною ємністю. Мета – розробка аналітичних співвідношень для розрахунку імовірності бітової похибки в залежності від співвідношення сигнал/шум в каналі з аддитивною гаусовою завадою. Задача – забезпечення усталеної та надійної роботи НШС системи зв’язку в умовах завад. Використані методи: методи аналітичного, імітаційного моделювання та цифрового кодування сигналів. Отримані наступні результати. На грунті аналізу функціонування НШС системи радіозв’язку виявлено, що зміни енергії та автокореляційної функції прийнятих сигналів в потоці інформаційних бітів є причиною виникнення внутрішньо системних завад, які викликають збільшення бітової похибки та деградацію імовірнісних характеристик системи зв’язку. Отримані аналітичні співвідношення дозволяють обчислити залежності імовірності похибки на біт в залежності від співвідношення сигнал/шум в каналі чи при різноманітних значеннях бази сигналу. Виявлено існування локальних екстремумів для характеристик бітової похибки при оптимальних значеннях бази НШС сигналів, коли імовірність бітової похибки стає найменшою Це дозволяє обґрунтвано обирати найкращі значення бази НШС сигналу та мати високу завадостійкість та надійність системи передачі цифрової інформації. Висновки. Використання технології НШС сигналів дозволяє здійснити безпроводову приховану передачу інформації з малою потужністю випромінювання на швидкості 1-2 Мб/с з імовірністю похибки на біт менш, ніж 10-5 . Причому, за умов використання великої бази сигналу В = 500 – 1000 отримуємо імовірність бітової похибки на рівні 10-4 і 10-6 при суттєво менших одиниці відношеннях сигналу/шуму. Таким чином система НШС радіозв’язку з кодовою модуляцією в передавачі та спектральною обробкою в приймачі має високу завадостійкість, що дозволяє здійснювати надійну передачу цифрової інформації в умовах завад

Electromagnetic risk prediction of secondary equipment in UHV series compensation is essential for ensuring power system stability. This study proposes an innovative prediction approach based on deep learning, employing a TransUNet neural network that integrates Transformer and U-Net architectures to achieve accurate risk assessment in complex electromagnetic environments. A dataset with multi-dimensional characteristic parameters is constructed through multi-scale modeling, electromagnetic transient simulation, and finite element analysis. Within the model, the Transformer encoder enables global feature extraction, while the U-Net decoder provides multi-scale feature fusion, thereby enhancing both the temporal and spatial resolution of risk prediction. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model delivers superior prediction accuracy and robustness, effectively identifies key risk features, and offers a new theoretical foundation as well as technical support for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) design and the intelligent operation and maintenance of UHV equipment.

To solve the problem that tradition signal recognition algorithms cannot effectively recognize the contaminated and diverse radar signals in complex and variable Electronic Warfare (EW) environment, a new recognition method based on deep convolutional neural network (CNN) and time-frequency (TF) analysis is proposed. Firstly, the TF images of radar signals are extracted as the inputs to the CNN model. Then, a new network, called CNN-TF, is constructed to analyze these time-frequency images and use the robustness of CNN to suppress the noise interference. Thirdly, a complete and diverse signal librai7 is constructed based on the complex EW environment, and the librai7 is used to train and test CNN-TF. Finally, trained CNN-TF will be used for signal recognition. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm not only improves the performance of signal recognition, but also has excellent anti-noise performance, which makes the proposed algorithm adapt to the complex and variable electronic warfare environment.

This article presents an overview of wideband and multiband antennas for both ground-based and airborne applications. It includes previously published designs as well as new ones with improved performance. The use of such antennas significantly enhances the overall efficiency of communication systems. For airborne antennas, benefits include reduced aerodynamic drag, improved performance of radio communication equipment, lower UAV takeoff weight, reduced feeder line losses, and improved electromagnetic compatibility. For ground antennas, advantages include reduced weight and size of the ground control station (terminal), simplification and higher efficiency of the data terminal, shorter deployment time, and improved mechanical strength. The article also presents an application diagram for wideband and multiband antennas in UAS communication systems. The diagram illustrates the potential of using multiple communication modems configured for different frequency ranges via microstrip multiplexers. The results can be useful for developers of both unmanned aerial systems and UAS communication equipment, including individual components. The article demonstrates that the use of wideband and multiband ground and airborne antennas can substantially improve communication quality in complex electromagnetic environments while maintaining optimal values for weight, size, aerodynamic drag, and technological advancement of UAS communication equipment.

It is easy to find news reports of incidents where an organization’s security has been compromised. For example, a laptop was lost or stolen, or a private server was accessed. These incidents are noteworthy because confidential data might have been lost. Modern society depends on the trusted storage, transmission, and consumption of information. Information is a valuable asset that is expected to be protected. Information security is often considered to consist of confidentiality, integrity, availability, and accountability (Blakley, McDermott, & Geer, 2002). Confidentiality is the protection of information against theft and eavesdropping. Integrity is the protection of information against unauthorized modification and masquerade. Availability refers to dependable access of users to authorized information, particularly in light of attacks such as denial of service against information systems. Accountability is the assignment of responsibilities and traceability of actions to all involved parties. Naturally, any organization has limited resources to dedicate to information security. An organization’s limited resources must be balanced against the value of its information assets and the possible threats against them. It is often said that information security is essentially a problem of risk management (Schneier, 2000). It is unreasonable to believe that all valuable information can be kept perfectly safe against all attacks (Decker, 2001). An attacker with unlimited determination and resources can accomplish anything. Given any defenses, there will always exist a possibility of successful compromise. Instead of eliminating all risks, a more practical approach is to strategically craft security defenses to mitigate or minimize risks to acceptable levels. In order to accomplish this goal, it is necessary to perform a methodical risk analysis (Peltier, 2005). This article gives an overview of the risk management process.

The increasingly complex electromagnetic environment (CEME), characterized by dense signal occupancy, intentional interference, and dynamic spectral congestion, poses significant challenges to electromagnetic (EM) sensing technologies. This review comprehensively surveys the theoretical foundations and practical applications of EM sensing within such challenging environments. Key theoretical principles underpinning robust sensing in CEME are elucidated. The topics include wave propagation fundamentals, advanced modeling and characterization of CEME, detection and estimation theory under interference, and electromagnetic compatibility coupled with dynamic spectrum management. The practical deployment of EM sensing technologies is examined across critical sectors including defense (leveraging cognitive radar, multi-sensor fusion), communications (spectrum sensing for cognitive radio/dynamic access), and aerospace (addressing interference threats like 5G to altimeters). Emerging trends such as AI/ML-enhanced sensing, integrated sensing and communication, and collaborative/distributed sensing networks are highlighted as pivotal for future advancements. The review concludes by outlining key challenges and research directions aimed at enhancing sensor adaptability, resilience, and spectral efficiency in the face of ever-growing EM complexity.

Background and Objectives: The object of research is communication systems based on the methods of correlation receiving. The aim of the study is a comparative assessment of the noise immunity of three different information transmission systems at the same levels of external noise. Materials and Methods: The methods of numerical simulation of time-delay systems are used. For the self-oscillating systems with delay, the approach based on correlation receiving is used for communication systems. Results: It is shown that the principle of correlation receiver, which is applied in classical communication systems, can also be used in the case when chaotic signals generated by self-oscillating systems with complex behavior are taken as reference signals. Conclusion: The noise immunity of the communication system based on the methods of correlation receiving and dynamical chaos is close the noise immunity of a classical communication system.

Quantum chaos has recently received increasing attention due to its relationship with experimental and theoretical studies of nonequilibrium quantum dynamics, thermalization, and the scrambling of quantum information. In an isolated system, quantum chaos refers to properties of the spectrum that emerge when the classical counterpart of the system is chaotic. However, despite experimental progress leading to longer coherence times, interactions with an environment can never be neglected, which calls for a definition of quantum chaos in dissipative systems. Advances in this direction were brought by the Grobe-Haake-Sommers (GHS) conjecture, which connects chaos in a dissipative classical system with cubic repulsion of the eigenvalues of the quantum counterpart and regularity with linear level repulsion. Here, we show that the GHS conjecture does not hold for the open Dicke model, which is a spin-boson model of experimental interest. We show that the onset of cubic level repulsion in the open quantum model is not always related with chaotic structures in the classical limit. This result challenges the universality of the GHS conjecture and raises the question of what is the source of spectral correlations in open quantum systems.

Concepts of Chaos: The Analysis of Self-Similarity and the Relevance of the Ethical Dimension. A Comment on Gregory L. Baker’s a Dualistic Model of Ultimate Reality and Meaning: Self-Similarity in Chaotic Dynamics and Swedenborg (17:184–196)

Chaotic dynamics are a vital area of applied mathematics, the implications of which are increasingly important in engineering sciences. This contribution starts by illustrating the fact that chaotic behavior is possible for a wide variety of systems. Following that the basic applied mathematical and numerical methods of chaotic dynamics are introduced: deterministic dynamical systems, Poincare maps, flows and maps, and the concepts of attractors. Different possibilities to characterize chaotic motions will be discussed and the cell mapping method is introduced which has been developed recently and turned out to be quite useful in the determination of the global domains of attraction.