Intelligent electric mobility

Over the past decade, transportation electrification has emerged as a pivotal focus of the article. Electric vehicles (EVs) have progressively gained traction in the market, displacing conventional internal combustion engine vehicles. This surge in EV popularity has led to a corresponding increase in the number of charging stations, thereby significantly influencing the power grid (PG). Various charging strategies and grid integration approaches are being devised to mitigate the potential negative impacts of EV charging while optimizing the advantages of integrating EVs with the grid. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of the EV market, standards, charging infrastructure, and the PG’s response to the impact of EV charging. The article provides a comprehensive assessment of how forthcoming advancements in EV technology, including connected vehicles, autonomous driving, and shared mobility, will intricately influence the integration of EVs with the PG. Ultimately, the article concludes by meticulously analyzing and summarizing both the challenges and recommendations pertinent to the prospective expansion of EV charging infrastructure and grid integration. The proliferation of venture capital investments in nascent start-up ventures specializing in EV and battery technologies has experienced a pronounced surge, reaching an impressive sum of nearly USD 2.1 billion in 2022. This notable increase represents a substantial uptick of 30% compared to the figures recorded in 2021. Furthermore, these investments have been directed towards two key areas: advancements in battery technology and the acquisition of critical minerals. This discernible shift in investment trends underscores the growing recognition of the strategic importance and potential profitability associated with innovations in EV and battery technologies. In 2022, global expenditures on EVs surpassed USD 425 billion, marking a substantial 50% increase compared to the previous year, 2021. Remarkably, a mere 10% of these expenditures can be attributed to governmental support, with the bulk stemming from consumer investments.

A review on the state-of-the-art technologies of electric vehicle, its impacts and prospects

An analysis of the effects of artificial intelligence on electric vehicle technology innovation using patent data

The Electric Vehicle Symposium, EVS15, that shall take place in Brussels from 28th September to 3rd October 1998 is devoted to A Future for the City. Electric vehicles are, for cities, an important factor for improving the traffic in urban areas and creating a healthier environment. It is a dream for the human being, city traffic without exhaust gases and low noise. This is already being partly realised by trams, undergrounds and railways and other recently developed automatic and light rail systems (e.g. airport shuttles). But cars, vans, buses and lorries are route-independent vehicles for low and high speed, for city traffic and long distances. Their energy must be stored on board. Today's technology includes modern motor design influenced by power electronics and automotive views, energy sources performing better and better to match acceptable vehicle performances and performance control and data acquisition. Some basic considerations about electric and hybrid vehicles, today and in the mid-term, are presented together with infrastructure developments.

Nowadays electric vehicles play an effective role in reducing greenhouse gases emission by the transportation sector. In recent times, electric vehicles such as battery, hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and fuel cell electric vehicles are becoming an advanced area of research related to the automobile industry. This article focuses on the latest emerging technologies in electric vehicles including various aspects of electric vehicles, their types, innovations in electric vehicle technology in terms of their motors, batteries as well as their applications, future perspectives, and different challenges associated with electric vehicles.

Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC), Cruise Control (CC), and Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB) serve as the basis of longitudinal automated driving, and as Adaptive cruise control (ACC), cruise control (CC), and automatic emergency braking (AEB) serve as the basis of longitudinal automated driving, and as such have been the subject of much research. Model predictive control (MPC) and fuzzy logic are often considered to be the next steps in improving the capability of these systems, but the two control strategies have not been compared to each other in the ACC, CC and AEB applications. Also, the three features (ACC, CC and AEB) have never been compiled into a single fuzzy logic controller. The purpose of this paper is to design a fuzzy logic-based ACC, CC, and AEB controller and compare it to an equivalent MPC controller. All three controllers control the desired longitudinal acceleration, and their functionality is tested using Matlab’s Fuzzy Logic Designer and other Simulink toolboxes. Ultimately, the results of the analysis demonstrate that the proposed fuzzy controller operates just as well if not better than the MPC controller and that the fuzzy controller is able to operate well in all tested scenarios.

The development of electric vehicles is one of the government's objectives to save energy and reduce air pollution. The technology for electric vehicles, mainly for personal transportation, involves replacing conventional combustion engines with electric motors. Electric vehicles' advantage lies in eliminating fuel consumption, resulting in nearly zero emissions. To determine the type of electric vehicles that meet the needs of Indonesian society, this study employs the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method. The research surveyed 40 respondents in the Jabodetabek area to assess their responses to electric vehicle technology in Indonesia. The QFD matrix analysis revealed the priority customer requirements, which include after-sales service availability at every authorized dealer (ATPM), particularly for spare parts and mechanical support, to facilitate vehicle maintenance. The ideal price for electric vehicles is under 300 million IDR. They should have a passenger capacity of seven people and serve multiple functions as family cars, work vehicles, and commercial vehicles. The desired range on a full battery charge is 300 to 500 km, and features such as air conditioning (AC), radio, MP3 players, and comfortable seating are essential. The required motor power ranges from 30kWh to 50kWh.Currently, electric vehicles marketed by several ATPMs in Indonesia still require further development to align with the needs of Indonesian society, ensuring their acceptance in the domestic automotive market.

Recently, electric vehicle (EV) technology has received massive attention worldwide due to its improved performance efficiency and significant contributions to addressing carbon emission problems. In line with that, EVs could play a vital role in achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs). However, EVs face some challenges such as battery health degradation, battery management complexities, power electronics integration, and appropriate charging strategies. Therefore, further investigation is essential to select appropriate battery storage and management system, technologies, algorithms, controllers, and optimization schemes. Although numerous studies have been carried out on EV technology, the state-of-the-art technology, progress, limitations, and their impacts on achieving SDGs have not yet been examined. Hence, this review paper comprehensively and critically describes the various technological advancements of EVs, focusing on key aspects such as storage technology, battery management system, power electronics technology, charging strategies, methods, algorithms, and optimizations. Moreover, numerous open issues, challenges, and concerns are discussed to identify the existing research gaps. Furthermore, this paper develops the relationship between EVs benefits and SDGs concerning social, economic, and environmental impacts. The analysis reveals that EVs have a substantial influence on various goals of sustainable development, such as affordable and clean energy, sustainable cities and communities, industry, economic growth, and climate actions. Lastly, this review delivers fruitful and effective suggestions for future enhancement of EV technology that would be beneficial to the EV engineers and industrialists to develop efficient battery storage, charging approaches, converters, controllers, and optimizations toward targeting SDGs.

Electric Vehicle (EV) Technology is part of sustainable energy initiatve and can be a solutin for the efforts of overcoming the gasoline scarcity. The presence of this technology has started to change the map of the garage shop business and also the educational communication system, as having been found in the learning ompetencies of Light Automotive Vehicle Engineering and Motorcycle Business Enginering on the State Vocational High School 7 located in the Regency of Tangerang. Although the educational communication has been termed as instructional communication, it is difficult for the teachers to approach the students so that the students are able to adopt and embrace the EV innovation. Therefore, through the present quantitative study, the influence of the teachers’ approaching obstacle on the adoption of the electric technology innovation among the State Vocational High School 7 located in the Regency of Tangerang is measured by using the Theory of Information Dissemination (Adoption of Innovation) by Everett Rogers and the Model of Group Interaction (Robert Bales) with 123 respondents as the participants in the study. During the study, the variables were measured by using the Likert Scale Technique and, at the same time, the validity test was performed by using the Product Moment Correlation. Furthermore, the reliability test were performed by using the Cronbach’s Alpha Formula with the assistance from SPSS 24. Last but not the least, the inter-variable correlation test was performed by using the multiple linear regression whle the F-test, the t-test, and the normality test were performed by using the Shapiro Formula. The results of the study show that : (1) the type and the quantity of the approach implemented by the teachers within the study have significant influence on the adoption of electric vehicle technology innovation among the students of State Vocational High School 7; (2) the type and the quantity from the influence of the teachers’ approaching obstacle on the adoption of electric technology innovation among the students of State Vocational High School 7 has ranged from significantly influential until not influential; and (3) there are various model of teachers’ approaching that have been implemented in dealing with the obstacles on the adoption of the electric vehicle technology innovation among the State Vocational High School 7s.

Electric vehicle technologies are attractive alternatives to traditional vehicles towards achieving sustainable transportation. The adoption of these technologies has a great potential in reducing road transportation externalities. As Qatar aims to achieve 10% electric vehicles by 2030, this research reveals the macro-level environmental, social, and economic impacts and benefits of electric vehicles in Qatar. The studied vehicle technologies are, gasoline vehicle (ICV), hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), and battery electric vehicle (BEV). In this regard, we quantified 9 macro level indicators using Multi regional input-output (MRIO)-based life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA) framework and compared the vehicles accordingly. The results show that, electric vehicles are better options in terms of Global Warming Potential (GWP), Particulate Matter Formation (PMF), and Photochemical Ozone Formation (POF) impacts. In addition to that, the results demonstrated that electric vehicles are more cost effectives than the traditional ones, while they are worse than traditional vehicles in terms of employment, operating surplus, and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) impacts.

To broadly contribute to sustainable mobility, electric technology vehicles (hybrid, electric, and plug-in-hybrid) must become more price competitive with internal combustion vehicles. This study assesses the economic and carbon benefits of electric technology vehicles in the U.S., accounting for household-by-household behavioral variability and geographical differences in fuel and electricity prices. This finer resolution provides insight into subsets of the population for whom adoption is economically or environmentally favorable, allowing us to construct marginal abatement cost curves for CO2 that account for geographic, behavioral, and stock heterogeneities. Currently, low gasoline prices and high initial expense means that, without subsidies, few consumers benefit financially from electric technology vehicles (1.7% of drivers). However, improved technology dramatically and nonlinearly increases both the number of consumers that benefit and corresponding carbon emissions that could be abated without government subsidy. Our results clarify cost targets that electric vehicle technology must achieve in order to deliver net financial and subsidy-free environmental benefits.

Will subsidies drive electric vehicle adoption? Measuring consumer preferences in the U.S. and China

Renewable energy and electric vehicle technology are the two pillars for achieving a sustainable future. Floating solar power plants use PV modules on water infrastructure to save the land and increase module efficiency. Furthermore, the reduction in evaporation saves water. Electric vehicles are one of the fastest-growing markets and the most successful technologies to combat the problem of energy and climate change. This research aims to construct a floating PV system on the lake of the Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), to analyze electric vehicle performance and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions when charged using the installed floating PV system. To address this, a 1.5 MWP floating PV system was simulated and analyzed using Helioscope software. When charged from the proposed floating PV plant, electric bikes, scooters, and cars saved CO2 emissions. When charged from a floating PV, E-bike, E-scooter, and E-car Net CO2 emissions became zero in 25.5, 12.1, and 7.7 months, respectively. After the aforementioned time periods, all three electric vehicle types were zero-emission vehicles. The required charge for all three types of vehicles (1,000,000 km) was analyzed using a floating PV system. E-bike, E-scooter, and E-car CO2 emission savings were −8,516,000 g/kWh, −328,000 g/kWh, and 525,600,000 g/kWh, respectively. All three types of electric vehicles can reduce CO2 emissions for nations that rely on renewable energy, but only electric cars save carbon emissions over fixed distances. Through this research, we finally conclude that electric cars reduce CO2 emissions the most compared to other electric vehicles.

Electric vehicles play an important role in reducing the effects of climate change. The main components of an electric vehicle are an electric motor and its associated driving circuit, which is powered by a rechargeable battery. This paper briefly discusses the classification of various charging architectures of electric vehicles such as on-board chargers and off-board chargers. Vehicles with dedicated on-board chargers are equipped with separate circuits for driving and charging, which increases the size, weight, cost and charging time of battery of the vehicle, compared to the conventional electric vehicles with off-board charging architecture. In order to overcome these challenges, this manuscript describes a novel single phase integrated battery charging topology for electric vehicles, which is capable of accomplishing the charging operation by a direct connection to the single phase grid at home or workplace, without including any extra components into the existing motor driving circuit. But single phase grid-connected energy conversion systems suffer from power oscillations, with frequency twice as that of the grid frequency. This inherent phenomenon effects the performance of the loads, which in the case of electric vehicles, is a battery. With the help of proposed charging topology, the inherent second harmonic ripple on the DC bus voltage can be eliminated using an active decoupling circuit and various challenges associated with the electric vehicle technology such as higher cost, limited range and long recharging times for batteries can be addressed very effectively. The simulation results are provided for the proposed charging topology.

The Department of Energy`s (DOE) Electric and Hybrid Vehicles (EHV) Program is conducting research, development, testing, and evaluation activities to encourage the use of electricity and alternative fuels for transportation. This program supports the expanded DOE involvement as recommended in the National Energy Strategy. The transportation sector is the single largest user of petroleum; it consumed 63 percent of all petroleum used in the United States last year. Only a small fraction (5 percent) of electricity is generated from petroleum. Electric vehicles, which are themselves virtually pollution-free, could play a key role in helping to reduce both urban pollution and our dependence on petroleum imports. The program`s goals are to develop, in cooperation with industry, the technology that will lead to the production and introduction of pollution-free electric vehicles into the Nation`s transportation fleet and substitute domestic sources of energy for petroleum-based fuels. This report describes progress achieved in developing electric and hybrid vehicle technologies, beginning with highlights of recent accomplishments in FY 1991. Detailed descriptions are provided of program activities during FY 1991 in the areas of battery, fuel-cell, and propulsion system development, and testing and evaluation of new technology in fleet site operations and in laboratories. In accordance with the reporting requirements of the Act, this Annual Report contains a status report on incentives and use of foreign components and concludes with a list of publications resulting form the DOE program.