Intelligent Web Mining

The design of Web page should be Internet-user-oriented. The key factor of a successful Web page design lies in that the designer can find out counterparts of products in the real world. Another important factor of a successful-designed web page is that the designer can represent the products by a combination of harmonious and inducing colors, images and characters. The pluralistic society nowadays brings about individual aesthetic need. A unique and individualized emotional design of a web page can impress Internet users deeply, initiate Internet users to click promptly and contribute to the establishment of social image and mutual communication service via a website. This thesis mainly deals with color emotion, image emotion and character sign emotion in Web page design. Through a typical example of a Web page design in a Web site, the aesthetics and application of visual signs of a web page is discussed. The emotional design of colors, images, and character signs of a web page are studied.

Users of Web and grid services often must temporarily delegate some or all of their rights to a software entity to perform actions on their behalf. The problem with the typical grid services approach (X. 509 proxy certificates) is that commercial Web services tooling fails to recognize these certificates or process them properly. The security assertion markup language (SAML) is a standardized XML-based framework for exchanging authentication, authorization and attribute information. SAML has broadening commercial support but lacks delegation capabilities. To address this shortcoming, we exploit SAML's inherent extensibility to create a delegation framework for Web and grid services that supports both direct and indirect delegation. We develop a set of verification rules for delegation tokens that rely on WS-Security X.509 signatures, but do not force any trust relationship between the delegatee and the target service. We have implemented the framework on two common Web service hosting environments: Java/Tomcat and .NET. By leveraging existing Web services standards, we make it easier for Grid practitioners to build and consume Web and grid services without resorting to grid-specific protocols.

Internet and Mobile technologies have greatly changed our lives in the past decade. However, the power and patentlals of the cambined capabilities offered by these two major inventions remain untapped. This paper looks into how we can turn these capabilities into service components that can be assembled into various composite services and enable people to have a simple way to enjoy camprehensive services anytime, anywhere, anyway with user and context relevance. We will explain in this paper how Web Services technologies and Service Oriented Architecture enables rapidly service creation; and the power of combining web technologies and mobile capabilities for service execution. Tourism is ane vertical industry chosen to apply this Service Provisioning concept. A packaged tour prototype is built to demonstrate the creation and execution of various tour services. These packaged tour services inciude both web and mobile service components and are described in service logic. Utilising the published services co...

This research examined the similarities and differences in format and content on traditional media Web sites. A content analysis of 282 Web newspapers, 112 radio station Web sites, and 128 television station Web sites found that although traditional media have increased their presence on the Web from the mid 1990s, they're still working to move beyond imitation of format and repurposing content from their traditional media counterpart. Overall, findings show media Web sites include some type of news, sports, and weather coverage; have expanded the volume of news-related content; and have improved the design and presentation of their content. Data also indicate media Web sites still limit audience interaction to mostly e-mail and have slightly increased adoption of streaming and downloadable audio and video content.

The Internet offers new possibilities to the access of information, but sometimes the design of Web pages obstructs the contents making them inaccessible to everybody, especially for those people with visual disabilities. The problem has several sides. On the one hand, the inaccessible design of the pages. On the other hand, most of the browsers used to surf the net are thought to be managed by users without visual disabilities. Although there are tools to help in the right design of Web pages or in the interpretation of Web pages for people with visual handicaps, to our knowledge there is not an integrated tool useful for both, the designers and the visually handicapped users. Our research group has developed such a tool called kai (Kit for the Accessibility to the Internet). kai is based on two main pillars: a new markup language with accessibility features called Blind Markup Language (bml) and WebTouch, a multimodal browser taking blind people into special consideration. In this paper we focus on WebTouch and its two modalities for surfing the net: voice and tactile skills.

The absence of benchmarks for Web sites with dynamic content has been a major impediment to research in this area. We describe three benchmarks for evaluating the performance of Web sites with dynamic content. The benchmarks model three common types of dynamic content Web sites with widely varying application characteristics: an online bookstore, an auction site, and a bulletin board. For the online bookstore, we use the TPCW specification. For the auction site and the bulletin board, we provide our own specification, modeled after ebay.com and slahdot.org, respectively. For each benchmark we describe the design of the database and the interactions provided by the Web server. We have implemented these three benchmarks with a variety of methods for building dynamic-content applications, including PHP, Java servlets and EJB (Enterprise Java Beans). In all cases, we use commonly used open-source software. We also provide a client emulator that allows a dynamic content Web server to be driven with various workloads. Our implementations are available freely from our Web site for other researchers to use. These benchmarks can be used for research in dynamic Web and application server design. In this paper, we provide one example of such possible use, namely discovering the bottlenecks for applications in a particular server configuration. Other possible uses include studies of clustering and caching for dynamic content, comparison of different application implementation methods, and studying the effect of different workload characteristics on the performance of servers. With these benchmarks we hope to provide a common reference point for studies in these areas.

Over the last decade, we have witnessed an explosive growth in the information available on the Web. Today, Web browsers provide easy access to myriad sources of text and multimedia data. Search engines index more than a billion pages and finding the desired information is not an easy task. This profusion of resources has prompted the need for developing automatic mining techniques on Web, thereby giving rise to the term “Web mining” (Pal, Talwar, & Mitra, 2002). Web mining is the application of data mining techniques on the Web for discovering useful patterns and can be divided into three basic categories: Web content mining, Web structure mining, and Web usage mining. Web content mining includes techniques for assisting users in locating Web documents (i.e., pages) that meet certain criteria, while Web structure mining relates to discovering information based on the Web site structure data (the data depicting the Web site map). Web usage mining focuses on analyzing Web access logs and other sources of information regarding user interactions within the Web site in order to capture, understand and model their behavioral patterns and profiles and thereby improve their experience with the Web site. As citizens requirements and needs change continuously, traditional information searching, and fulfillment of various tasks result to the loss of valuable time spent in identifying the responsible actor (public authority) and waiting in queues. At the same time, the percentage of users who acquaint with the Internet has been remarkably increased (Internet World Stats, 2005). These two facts motivate many governmental organizations to proceed with the provision of e-services via their Web sites. The ease and speed with which business transactions can be carried out over the Web has been a key driving force in the rapid growth and popularity of e-government, e-commerce, and e-business applications. In this framework, the Web is emerging as the appropriate environment for business transactions and user-organization interactions. However, since it is a large collection of semi-structured and structured information sources, Web users often suffer from information overload. Personalization is considered as a popular solution in order to alleviate this problem and to customize the Web environment to users (Eirinaki & Vazirgiannis, 2003). Web personalization can be described, as any action that makes the Web experience of a user personalized to his or her needs and wishes. Principal elements of Web personalization include modeling of Web objects (pages) and subjects (users), categorization of objects and subjects, matching between and across objects and/or subjects, and determination of the set of actions to be recommended for personalization. In the remainder of this article, we present the way an e-government application can deploy Web mining techniques in order to support intelligent and personalized interactions with citizens. Specifically, we describe the tasks that typically comprise this process, illustrate the future trends, and discuss the open issues in the field.

Over the last decade, we have witnessed an explosive growth in the information available on the Web. Today, Web browsers provide easy access to myriad sources of text and multimedia data. Search engines index more than a billion pages and finding the desired information is not an easy task. This profusion of resources has prompted the need for developing automatic mining techniques on Web, thereby giving rise to the term “Web mining” (Pal, Talwar, & Mitra, 2002). Web mining is the application of data mining techniques on the Web for discovering useful patterns and can be divided into three basic categories: Web content mining, Web structure mining, and Web usage mining. Web content mining includes techniques for assisting users in locating Web documents (i.e., pages) that meet certain criteria, while Web structure mining relates to discovering information based on the Web site structure data (the data depicting the Web site map). Web usage mining focuses on analyzing Web access logs and other sources of information regarding user interactions within the Web site in order to capture, understand and model their behavioral patterns and profiles and thereby improve their experience with the Web site. As citizens requirements and needs change continuously, traditional information searching, and fulfillment of various tasks result to the loss of valuable time spent in identifying the responsible actor (public authority) and waiting in queues. At the same time, the percentage of users who acquaint with the Internet has been remarkably increased (Internet World Stats, 2005). These two facts motivate many governmental organizations to proceed with the provision of e-services via their Web sites. The ease and speed with which business transactions can be carried out over the Web has been a key driving force in the rapid growth and popularity of e-government, e-commerce, and e-business applications. In this framework, the Web is emerging as the appropriate environment for business transactions and user-organization interactions. However, since it is a large collection of semi-structured and structured information sources, Web users often suffer from information overload. Personalization is considered as a popular solution in order to alleviate this problem and to customize the Web environment to users (Eirinaki & Vazirgiannis, 2003). Web personalization can be described, as any action that makes the Web experience of a user personalized to his or her needs and wishes. Principal elements of Web personalization include modeling of Web objects (pages) and subjects (users), categorization of objects and subjects, matching between and across objects and/or subjects, and determination of the set of actions to be recommended for personalization. In the remainder of this article, we present the way an e-government application can deploy Web mining techniques in order to support intelligent and personalized interactions with citizens. Specifically, we describe the tasks that typically comprise this process, illustrate the future trends, and discuss the open issues in the field.

Web mining is one of the mining technologies, which applies data mining techniques in large amount of web log data. Web navigational mining discovers users’ access patterns from web logs. This information can be used to identify the behavior of the web user. However, the web data will grow rapidly in the short time, and some of the web data may be antiquated. The user behavior may be changed when the new web data is inserted into and the old web data is deleted from web logs. Therefore, the user behavior must be re-discovered from the updated web logs. However, it is very time-consuming to re-find the users’ access patterns. Hence, many researchers pay attention to the incremental mining, which utilizes the previous mining results and finds new patterns just from the inserted or deleted part of the web logs such that the mining time can be reduced. The present paper proposes an efficient incremental web navigational mining algorithm for discovering web navigational patterns when the user sequences are inserted into and deleted from original database. It avoids re-finding the original web navigational patterns and re-counting the original candidate sequences. It uses lattice structure to keep the previous mining results such that just new candidate sequences need to be computed. Hence, the web navigational patterns can be obtained rapidly when the navigational sequence database is updated. Besides, maximal web navigational patterns can also be obtained easily by traversing the lattice structure. The experimental results show that the present algorithm is more efficient than the other approaches.

The behavioral web users’ access patterns help website administrator/web site owners to take major decisions in categorizing web pages of the web site as highly demanding pages and medium demanding pages. Human beings act as a spider surfing the web pages of the website in search of required information. Most of the traditional mining algorithms concentrate only on frequency/support of item sets (web pages set denoted as ps in a given web site), which may not bring considerably more amount of profit. The utility mining model focuses on only high utilities item sets (ps). General utility mining model was proposed to overcome weakness of the frequency and utility mining models. General utility mining does not encompass website topology. This limitation is overcome by a novel model called human behavioral patterns’ web pages categorizer (HBP-WPC) which considers structural statistics of the web page in addition to support and utility. The topology of the web site along with log file statistics plays a vital role in categorizing web pages of the web site. The web pages of the website along with log file statistics forms a population. Suitable auto optimization metric is defined which provides guidelines for website designers/owners to restructure the website based on behavioral patterns of web users.KeywordsWeb miningReorganizationLog fileWeb site topology

CHAPTER 1 - Cross-Site Scripting

Controlled clinical trials are studies done by scientists on a concrete domain with the objective of execute a prospective analysis that attempts to compare the effect and value of one or more interventions in humans under specific conditions. Our case study is focused on applying artificial intelligence techniques to support scientists working on bio-nutritional trials, which rely on the study of the effect of consuming food with biomarkers on human health. This work is developed under the HENUFOOD2project. In order to simplify the domain, two trial stages are considered: the trial experimental execution and the trial data analysis. It is after the trial has been executed and all the information collected, when we try to discover non obvious knowledge among the trial data and support the scientists on their everyday analytical tasks. On the one hand, this analysis includes generic statistical manipulation and data discovery empowered by data mining techniques. On the other hand, a scientist support engine has been developed in order to allow non data manipulation and analysis experts to access the information and ask for new analysis processes. The approach, thanks to a user friendly interface enabled with query answering techniques, is able to interact with the user in a conversational mode and run analytical or data discovery processes, do a semantic search on previous indexed works or, finally, infer new rules to feed the expert system ontology. The expert system is not fully covered on this paper, as it will focus on the explanation of the usage of data mining and query answering techniques on that bio-nutritional focused expert system.

The usability of an interface is a fundamental issue to elucidate. Many researchers argued that many usability results and recommendations lack empirical and experimental data. In this research, the usability of the web pages is evaluated using several carefully selected statistical models. Universities web pages are chosen as subjects for this work for ease of comparison and ease of collecting data. A series of experiments has been conducted to investigate into the usability and design of the universities web pages. Prototype web pages have been developed according to the structured methodologies of web pages design and usability. Universities web pages were evaluated together with the prototype web pages using a questionnaire which was designed according to the Human Computer Interactions (HCI) heuristics. Nine (users) respondents’ variables and 14 web pages variables (items) were studied. Stringent statistical analysis was adopted to extract the required information to form the data acquired, and augmented interpretation of the statistical results was followed. The results showed that the analysis of variance (ANOVA) procedure showed there were significant differences among the universities web pages regarding most of the 23 items studied. Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) showed that the prototype usability performed significantly better regarding most of the items. The correlation analysis showed significant positive and negative correlations between many items. The regression analysis revealed that the most significant factors (items) that contributed to the best model of the universities web pages design and usability were: multimedia in the web pages, the web pages icons (alone) organisation and design, and graphics attractiveness. The results showed some of the limitations of some heuristics used in conventional interface systems design and proposed some additional heuristics in web pages design and usability.

This paper conducts an experimental study on university web pages to examine whether the hyperlink style affects users' feelings of a web page. We categorize 3 hyperlink styles, including only, and symbol, and and icon. A grey relational analysis conducted suggests that the hyperlink style is a crucial element in user-centered web page design. The experimental study identifies 7 web page design elements and 33 representative webs pages as experimental samples for developing a neural network (NN) model. The NN mode is used to examine the complex relationship between 7 design elements and 3 users' feelings of web pages. With the NN model, a web page design database is built consisting of 3,645 different combinations of design elements, together with their associated feeling values. As a general rule, a web page with the text only hyperlinks has the highest possibility of being easiest and clearest. A web page with the text and symbol hyperlinks will have the most classic look, while the text and icon hyperlinks will make the web page have the most modern appearance. These design-supporting results provide useful insights in facilitating the user-centered web design process.

Web Usage Mining is the part of Web mining for extraction of interesting knowledge from log files produced by Web Servers. It focuses on techniques that predict the user behaviours based on the previous user access patterns. Adaptive Web Sites are web sites that automatically enhance their organisation and presentation from the knowledge obtained from their user access patterns. These patterns can be collected directly on the website or web server log may be mined. Through this paper we present the various web usage mining techniques to extract the useful and relevant information on the web for adaptive web sites.