Interactive Modeling with Automatic Online Compression

A new technique is proposed for calibrating a 3D modeling system with variable zoom based on multi-view stereo image analysis. The 3D modeling system uses a stereo camera with variable zoom setting and a turntable for rotating an object. Given an object whose complete 3D model (mesh and texture-map) needs to be generated, the object is placed on the turntable and stereo images of the object are captured from multiple views by rotating the turntable. Partial 3D models generated from different views are integrated to obtain a complete 3D model of the object. Changing the zoom to accommodate objects of different sizes and at different distances from the stereo camera changes several internal camera parameters such as focal length and image center. Also, the parameters of the rotation axis of the turntable changes. We present camera calibration techniques for estimating the camera parameters and the rotation axis for different zoom settings. The Perspective Projection Matrices (PPM) of the cameras are calibrated at a selected set of zoom settings. The PPM is decomposed into intrinsic parameters, orientation angles, and translation vectors. Camera parameters at an arbitrary intermediate zoom setting are estimated from the nearest calibrated zoom positions through interpolation. A performance evaluation of this technique is presented with experimental results. We also present a refinement technique for stereo rectification that improves partial shape recovery. And the rotation axis of multi-view at different zoom setting is estimated without further calibration. Complete 3D models obtained with our techniques are presented.

Conventional interactive 3D tree modeling systems are generally based on 2D input devices, and it's not convenient to generate desired 3D tree shape from 2D inputs due to the complexity of 3D tree structures. In this paper, we present a system for modeling trees interactively using a 3D gesture-based VR platform. The system contains a head-mounted display (HMD) and a 6-DOF motion controller for interaction. We propose an improved procedural modeling method to generate trees faster for VR platform. Using the 6-DOF motion controller, users can manipulate tree structures by a set of 3D interactive operations, including geometric editing using 3D gestures, sketching, brushing and silhouette-guided growth. Our interactions are more flexible and convenient than using traditional 2D input devices, e.g., we allow the user to simultaneously rotate and translate parts of a tree using a 3D gesture.

The visual hull is used to 3D object modeling in real-time. In this paper, we propose a novel method to remove phantom volumes produced in the polyhedral visual hull (PVH) construction. This method calculates the visual hull by using polygon intersection. By making full use of the information PVH supplied for image planes, we finally obtain the safe polyhedral visual hull (SPVH). Unlike the method based image method, according to the construction process of the PVH, this paper presents a fast ray-volume intersection based on geometry method. Experiment results show that, without adding more cameras, this method can provide view-independent SPVH model with phantom volumes removed, which can be used in the 3D modeling and interactive system.

Time-Dependent Density-Functional Theory (TDDFT) has become a promising alternative to the Bethe-Salpeter Equation (BSE) in terms of the calculation of optical spectra, including excitoinic features, due to its significantly lower computational cost. TDDFT brings with it the advantage of, in principle, access to the Time-Dependent (TD) exciton wave function and the ability to study ultra-fast TD phenomena. One promising family of Exchange & Correlation (XC) functionals for capturing excitonic effects in TDDFT are the Long-Range Corrected (LRC) functionals. In order to test the LRC functionals, we have written programs to do calculations in both a One-Dimensional (1D) and Two-Dimensional (2D) model systems. We used the 1D model system to explore avenues of TD exciton wave function visualization to facilitate the study and understanding of the TD dynamics of excitons. Likewise, we used the 2D model system to study various methods of correction to the LRC in hopes of better capturing excitonic effects and improving stability for Real-Time (RT) calculations. We show examples of exciton wave functions visualized with various techniques, including waterfall plots and heat maps. We have also used our 1D model system to explore how RT calculations performed using TDDFT can be used to gain insight into novel systems, as exemplified by our study of charge-transfer excitations. Using our 2D model system we have explored two possible avenues of correction to the LRC: adding a 'counter' term to the XC functional and 'generalizing' the differential equation which defines the LRC. The first avenue we explored is the addition of a new term to the XC potential, explicitly constructed to cancel out the error produced by the LRC's violation of the zero-force theorem, leading to the introduction of spurious, nonphysical, internal forces. This approach, in the end, does not seem to make a substantial impact on the optical absorption spectra or the stability of the LRC. The second avenue, using the so-called "Proca" equation, adds terms to the equation of motion in order to stabilize the calculations-again with limited success. We have successfully demonstrated in our model systems that the RT methods for TDDFT are promising tools for the exploration of TD phenomena in electronic systems. We have also explored these techniques using some illustrative situations and avenues for improving the accuracy and stability of these calculations.

The Smart House Planner is an AI-powered solution designed to simplify the process of residential home design by combining intelligent planning, 3D modelling, and real-time cost estimation through an interactive conversational interface. With the rising demand for personalized housing solutions and the complexity of balancing aesthetics, functionality, and budget, there is a growing need for systems that can automate architectural planning while remaining user-friendly. This project addresses that challenge by integrating Gemini AI for intelligent design recommendations, Blender for automated 3D visualization, and a cost estimation engine for transparent financial planning. The system enables users to specify requirements such as housing type (1BHK, 2BHK, 3BHK, Duplex, Villa), dimensions, and style preferences via a modern Django-based web interface. Gemini AI processes these inputs to generate optimized layouts by considering space utilization, and functional flow. These layouts are then transformed into realistic, interactive 3D models using Blender, allowing users to explore their prospective homes virtually. Simultaneously, the cost estimation module calculates material, labour, costs, producing downloadable reports that support informed decision-making and budget control. By unifying AI-driven design intelligence, real-time 3D modelling, and detailed cost breakdowns, Smart House Planner provides a comprehensive platform that enhances user engagement, reduces reliance on professional intervention, and democratizes access to architectural planning. This solution demonstrates how AI, visualization technologies, and web-based interfaces can transform the way individuals approach housing design, making the process more efficient, transparent, and accessible to both professionals and non-experts.

In this paper, we demonstrate a 3D object modeling system utilizing a setup which consists of two CMOS cameras and a DLP projector by making use of structured light and stereo vision. The calibration of the system is carried out using calibration pattern. The images are taken with stereo camera pair by projecting structured light onto the object and the correspondence problem is solved by both epipolar constraint of stereo vision and gray code constraint of structured light. The first experimental results show that the proposed 3D modeling system is able to model the object successfully.

In data compression or source coding algorithms, input sequences of symbols are converted to shorter sequences while the original information remains unchanged. One of the well-known data compression algorithms is Deflate which is designed based on the LZ method. Deflate method has three different modes where its second mode is applicable for real-time applications. In this mode, a certain static table of Huffman codes is employed during the coding procedure. In this paper, a new version of deflate algorithm is proposed and implemented in hardware. In the proposed method, a new basic coding table is employed. This table is modified adaptively based on the input sequence. Simulation results show that in this adaptive algorithm, the coding performance is improved. In the hardware implementation of the new method, through some parallelism concepts, we try to improve the hardware utilization and throughput.

Interactive 3D modeling in VR is both aided by immersive 3D input and hampered by model disjunct, tool-based or selection-action user interfaces. We propose a direct, signifier-based approach to the popular interactive technique of creating 3D models through a sequence of extrusion operations. Motivated by handles and signifiers that communicate the affordances of everyday objects, we define a set of design principles for an immersive, signifier-based modeling interface. We then present an interactive 3D modeling system where all modeling affordances are modelessly reachable and signified on the model itself.

Major changes have occurred in mining practice as a result of the evolution of computer technology. MOSS Systems Limited was one of the first companies to develop and market a system geared to the requirements of mineral extraction operators. The benefits inherent in the use of such a 3D modelling system are described in detail. MOSS analysis techniques can be applied to the 3D model at any stage in the design or subsequent operation of the workings. These techniques include the generation of sections and profiles, volumetric and mass-haul analyses, contouring, and isopachyte analysis. A novel example of the use of MOSS in the optimized design of spoilheap geometry is given.

Abstract. Today, three dimensional modeling of objects is considered in many applications such as documentation of ancient heritage, quality control, reverse engineering and animation In this regard, there are a variety of methods for producing three-dimensional models. In this paper, a 3D modeling system is developed based on photogrammetry method using image processing and laser line extraction from images. In this method the laser beam profile is radiated on the body of the object and with video image acquisition, and extraction of laser line from the frames, three-dimensional coordinates of the objects can be achieved. In this regard, first the design and implementation of hardware, including cameras and laser systems was conducted. Afterwards, the system was calibrated. Finally, the software of the system was implemented for three dimensional data extraction. The system was investigated for modeling a number of objects. The results showed that the system can provide benefits such as low cost, appropriate speed and acceptable accuracy in 3D modeling of objects.

Remarkable progresses of fabrication devices such as 3D printers and laser cutters allow nonprofessionals to manufacture their own products. They should, however, iterate design, production, and refinement processes through trial and error. Additionally, they must gain a good 3D modeling skill to make the products unique and different. In this paper, we propose a 3D modeling system allowing users to easily design a new product by directly comparing a graphical model to a real product without scanning the real one. The system visualizes the graphical model as a mid-air image that can coexist with the real product in a same physical space. The system also enables the users to manipulate the graphical model through a set of simple hand gestures. We conducted a preliminary experiment to verify the effectiveness of the proposed system.

The similarity relation for the line of ideal isothermal compressibility for 2D systems in liquid state

The plant leaf modeling and rendering is one of the most challenging problem in virtual botany due to its complex morphological and optical characteristics. In this paper, we present a method of realistic leaf modeling and rendering. We extract the leaf outline and venation by using the algorithm of leaf image edge detection. The leaf was triangulated by using the optimization algorism of Delaunay mesh in order to deal with the vertex and morph the leaf edge. We can add some vertexes in the leaf skeleton which belong to venation skeleton. To generate the 3D leaf shape, we specify the z value of venation vertexes by hand-manipulating and modify the z value of neighbor leaf vertexes by using iterative method, which are located in the Delaunay triangulation mesh. An interactive leaf modeler was developed to help a user to model a leaf shape interactively. Different tree leaves were modeled by the interactive modeler. In order to improve the rendering frame rate, we present a group of leaves rendering method based-on leaf image Billboard by using vertex shader in GPU unit. At last, the leaf modeling case demonstrates that the proposed method is effective in the leaf shape modeling and rendering.

This paper proposes a method of generating 3D building models with precise geospatial information and a photograph-based facade appearance from panoramic image sequences and digital maps. 3D building modeling research is actively being conducted in areas such as geographic information systems, virtual reality, and augmented reality. However, the generation of realistic 3D models from a ground-level viewpoint is still extremely costly in terms of labor of modeling experts, and collection of data. We have developed a method for 3D building modeling with high-resolution photograph-based appearance information using panoramic images captured at ground level with a mobile mapping system, and geospatial information obtained from a digital map. The proposed method includes 1) pre-processing for tilt correction and base 3D model generation, 2) geo-registration of panoramic images with minimal user input, and 3) building height and shape estimation. This paper presents the proposed method and the quantitative performance measure obtained from a developed test modeling system. In addition, modeling results from an experimental dataset are also presented.

This is the first study to compare the PCA and ICP approaches to 3D face recognition, and to propose a local region approach coping with expression variation in 3D face recognition. A new algorithm for 3D face recognition is proposed for handling expression variation. It uses a surface registration-based technique for 3D face recognition. The proposed method uses a fully automatic approach to use to initialize the 3D matching. Results are presented for gallery and probe datasets of 355 subjects imaged in 3D, with significant time lapse between gallery and probe images of a given subject yielding 3,205 3D models. We find that an ICP-based method performs better than a PCA-based method. The evaluation results show that our proposed new algorithm substantially improves performance in the case of varying facial expression. We also examined subject factors in the proposed method on 3D face models by age and gender.