Introduction

Horizontal Denture: A Prosthodontic Alternative for Severe Maxillary Atrophy

Multiple-parallel-protease digestion coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry: An approach towards comprehensive peptide mapping of therapeutic mAbs

Subject of Research. Algebraic Bayesian networks are referred to a class of probabilistic graphical models that are a representation of knowledge bases with uncertainty. The distinguishing feature of ABN is the availability of global structures. Among them there are primary and secondary structures that are directly used in various kinds of probabilistic logical inference as well as tertiary and quaternary involved in the problems of automatic synthesis and identification of the properties of the secondary structure and partially in the machine learning tasks within specified networks. Existing algorithms for quaternary structure changing require its complete rebuild when changing the primary structure. That feature slows down the whole global structures synthesis, dispels user’s attention who is forced to re-analyze the whole rebuilt structure instead of focusing on the changes that were directly caused by the limited modification of the original data. This fact reduces ABN attractiveness as a model for data processing in general. Scope of Research. This paper is aimed at speeding up the rebuild process and eliminating the shortage of the quaternary structure rebuild algorithms when adding and deleting vertices of primary structure expressed in excess rebuild of the entire structure. The task of algorithm incrementalization for quaternary structure rebuild is solved to achieve the goal. Method. The proposed approach is based on the properties of incremental algorithms that reduce the amount of computations due to the result obtained at the previous step of the algorithm. All the arguments used in the paper are expressed in a graph theory language to apply the established system of terms and classical results. Main Results. The paper presents incremental and decremental algorithms, complemented by a proof of correctness and listing. Given algorithms are based on the previously obtained incremental algorithms for tertiary structure. Moreover, a detailed analysis of the plurality of separators is carried out on each stage of the algorithms. Theoretical and Practical Relevance. These algorithms develop a global structure of algebraic Bayesian networks as well as the theory of probabilistic graphical models in general. Furthermore, they create the groundwork for creation of the secondary structure invariants that may be non-unique even if the primary structure is fixed unlike the current approach where connections are included in the secondary structure. The deletion of manipulation with a set of secondary structures considerably simplifies and makes foreseeable visualization of such complex object as ABN and may improve the computational characteristics of probabilistic logical inference algorithms. It also enables to reformulate the problem of ABN machine learning excluding any need for synthesis of many different objects with complex structure and virtually the same semantics. It also can be expected that the obtained incremental algorithms will accelerate computational processes of rebuilding and properties analysis for all four global ABN structures.

Seismic response of submerged secondary systems in base-isolated structures

Flexibility of intercalation site geometries within a B-DNA helix was investigated in the twist-shift plane using energy minimization methods. The parameters optimized included sugar conformation, the glycosidic angles and phosphodiester torsion angles. Our calculations show several regions of energetically favorable intercalation geometries in the twist-shift plane. Modeling studies using interactive computer graphics and electrostatic potential surface compatibility provided initial hypotheses for the structures of the drug-DNA complexes. These hypotheses were supported and extended by energy minimizations of these complexes. Binding positions, conformational features and relative minimum binding energies of two anticancer drugs, mitoxantrone and bisantrene, were computed for intercalation complexes with DNA in the theoretically defined intercalation sites. Mitoxantrone intercalates DNA from the minor groove and the side chain OH or NH groups are involved in hydrogen bonds with the main chain phosphate groups of DNA, thereby cross-linking the complementary strands. The hydroxyl groups of mitoxantrone can also participate in hydrogen bonding with phosphate oxygens of another chain, thereby cross-linking DNA helices. Bisantrene intercalates DNA favorably from the major groove and the NH group of the dihydroimidazole ring can participate in hydrogen bonding with the phosphate oxygens of the backbone. These models are consistent with the physicochemical and electron microscopic studies of the interaction of mitoxantrone and bisantrene with DNA. Our results are now being used to guide the design of novel anticancer drugs that should interact with DNA in a manner similar to that proposed for our representative drugs.

In this article the syntactic synonyms as one the characteristics of the author’s idiostyle are defined as the co(n)textually preferential options formed in the continuum language → discourse as a result of the phased phenomenological cognitive polyoperations at the levels of primary and secondary consciousness: destruction and reconstruction of being and its structures and categories → sublinguistic schemes → primary (pivotal) structures → secondary reduced, extended and quantitatively equacomponential one-basis and two-basis synonymic transforms. Transformational processes and the primary structure are revealed by means of the procedure of inverse reconstruction (discourse → language). The author’s idiostyle is considered as the correlation of different degree of individual and collective cognitive spaces that conditions the choice and actualization of some synonymic structures. Three types of author’s idiostyle are distinguished: 1) diffuse (dominance of the collective cognitive space over the individual one which is revealed through the realization of synonymic structures characteristic to a certain epoch; 2) personal (prevalence of the individual cognitive space over the collective one, that is the actualization of grammaticalized synonymic utterances appropriate for another epoch, of typical agrammaticalized synonymic structures characteristic to another epoch or non-characteristic to the described epoch, of non-typical agrammaticalized synonymic structures. The french writer’s idiostyle of the XXth – the beginning of the XXIst centuries is analyzed using the examples of different semantic-structural types of synonymic preferential options (reduced mono- and polypredicative constructions with the participial and gerundial head lexemes, asyndetic conditional structures and extended with the predicates and presentatives synonymic structures) and it is proved the coexistence of two phenomena: reduction and extension in the modern French fiction despite of the general tendency of the economy of means of expression of author’s thought

Dynamic interaction between primary and secondary structures can alter the response of buildings, bridges and other civil engineering structures to external stressors such as earthquakes and windstorms. TMDs (tuned mass dampers) are a well-known example of passive control devices that exploit this concept. A TMD consists of a secondary mass attached to the primary structure through a linear or nonlinear link. Various formulations exist to optimize the performance of TMDs, depending on the chosen criterion. Typically, the TMD is optimized considering the steady-state amplitude of motion of the primary structure, e.g., when subjected to monochromatic harmonic excitation (H∞ criterion) or white noise input (H2 criterion). Several closed-form analytical solutions have been formulated for linear TMDs with elastic and viscoelastic damping. However, the available expressions only cover the case of constitutive laws described by two or three parameters, e.g., the Kelvin-Voight model (an elastic spring in parallel with a viscous dashpot) and the standard linear solid (SLS) model (an elastic spring in parallel with a single Maxwell element). Furthermore, the inherent damping of the primary system is usually neglected, even though it can drastically affect the performance of the TMD. Similarly, the effects of coloured excitations, e.g., the Kanai-Tajimi model of ground shaking, are often disregarded, leading to sub-optimal designs. Aimed at overcoming these limitations, a new stochastic approach is proposed. The only assumptions are: i) the salient dynamic features of the TMD-controlled structure can be captured with a linear 2-DoF (degree of freedom) system; ii) the dynamic action can be represented as a stationary Gaussian process.

The paper provides an experimental study on the feasibility of base isolation for seismic protection of nonstructural secondary system such as sensitive instrumentation, computer equipment, communication network, HVAC facilities, and power transmission systems housed in nonisolated primary structures. Damages to these secondary systems may result in significant social chaos and costly economic loss. A one-sixth-scaled three-story building model with a single-degree-of-freedom secondary system placed on its third floor is employed in this study. The secondary system is base-isolated by a laminated rubber bearing (LRB) base isolation system from the supporting floor. The ground motion input is simulated by a shaking table which generates three different types of signal including sweeping harmonic sinusoidal, the S00E component of the 1940 E1 Centro earthquake, and the simulated white noise. The experimental results demonstrate significant reduction in both displacement and acceleration responses of the secondary system by using the base isolation. Effects of parameters of the base isolation such as damping ratio and mass on its performance are also investigated. This study provides a valuable guideline for future work in this area and also verifies some previous analytical work by the authors (Hou et al., 2001). Secondary systems in a structure can be divided into two categories: structural and nonstructural. A thorough review of these types of systems and their response behavior under seismic loading has been presented by (Chen and Soong, 1988). In this paper, only nonstructural secondary systems are the subject of the study. These systems include sensitive instrumentation, computer equipment, communication network, HVAC facilities, and power transmission system that reside within a primary structure system. The huge investment made, the mission, and the critical role played by secondary systems in modern day warrant an effective protection strategy against earthquake-induced vibrations. Studies on employing base isolation techniques to protect primary structures have shown the ability of such techniques to limit dynamic response of structures in seismic disturbance (Kelley, 1986; and Ahmadi, 1988); this paper proposes the adoption of a base isolation mechanism for seismic protection of secondary systems and presents the experimental results achieved with this strategy in a scaled-down system designed without primary structural isolation. This study provides a valuable guideline for future work in this area and also verifies some previous analytical work by the authors (Ghantous, 1991; and Samaha, 1992).

Effect of the primary structure on the seismic response of the cable-net façade

Rotational nonlinear energy sinks (NESs) have been proposed to mitigate the response of underlying primary structures subjected to shock loading. This type of NES, which is composed of a passive mass that is free to rotate, has the potential to be easier to realize and more compact than other types of NESs. Like other types of NESs, these devices engage in targeted energy transfer, which allows for the broadband transfer of energy from the primary structure to the NES where it can be rapidly dissipated. Additionally, these devices can couple the dynamics of the primary structure and facilitate the transfer of energy from lower modes to higher modes, where it can be dissipated at a faster rate. This paper experimentally investigates the performance of this type of NES by using the results from tests of a rotational NES attached to a small-scale two-story structure. For these experiments, a shock load is provided to the primary structure using a shake-table-produced impulse-like ground motion. Additionally, by varying the amplitude of the input ground motion, the energy dependency of the performance of these devices can be investigated. The results of these experiments show that this type of NES can attenuate the response of a structure by responding in a highly effective rotational mode.

Debio0932 is a promising lead compound in phase I clinical trials targeting the N-terminal ATP-binding pocket of the molecular chaperone heat-shock protein 90 (Hsp90N). The absence of a crystal structure of the Hsp90N-Debio0932 complex, however, has impeded further structural optimization of Debio0932 and understanding of the molecular-interaction mechanism. Here, a high-resolution crystal structure of the Hsp90N-Debio0932 complex was successfully determined (resolution limit 2.20 Å; PDB entry 6lr9) by X-ray diffraction and the molecular-interaction mechanism was analysed in detail, which suggested that Debio0932 suppresses cancer cells by accommodating itself in the ATP-binding pocket of Hsp90N, disabling its molecular-chaperone capability. The results of a thermal shift assay (ΔTm = 8.83 ± 0.90°C) and isothermal titration calorimetry (Kd = 15.50 ± 1.30 nM) indicated strong binding and favourable thermodynamic changes in the binding of Hsp90N and Debio0932. Based on the crystal structure of the complex and on molecular-interaction analysis, 30 new Debio0932 derivatives were designed and nine new derivatives exhibited increased binding to Hsp90N, as determined by molecular-docking evaluation. Additionally, Debio0932 suppressed cell proliferation (IC50 values of 3.26 ± 2.82 µM for A549, 20.33 ± 5.39 µM for H1299 and 3.16 ± 1.04 µM for H1975), induced cell-cycle arrest and promoted apoptosis in three non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. These results provide novel perspectives and guidance for the development of new anti-NSCLC drugs based on the lead compound Debio0932.

Predicted aggregation-prone region (APR) in βB1-crystallin forms the amyloid-like structure and induces aggregation of soluble proteins isolated from human cataractous eye lens

Isotypes of IgG: Comparison of the primary structures of three pairs of isotypes which differ in their ability to activate complement

Identification and development of isolation procedures during the past decade for this family of proteins comprising the colloidal micelles of milk provided an impetus for extensive physical and chemical investigations of their properties. Genetic variants of all the caseins have been identified, and, in most instances, individual variants have been the subject of investigation. Intensive studies of chemical structure have culminated within the past two years with a presentation of the primary structure for each of the major genetic variants of all the caseins. This review presents the development and detail of each of these structures. Knowledge of the primary structure allows theoretical calculation of several chemical and physical properties. These have been calculated and compared to experimentally determined values. Results of extensive investigations of chemical and physical characteristics of the individual caseins have appeared in the recent literature, and these are reviewed and discussed in light of the proposed primary structures. A particularly interesting feature of casein structures is a unique concentration of charged and hydrophobic residues in separate segments of the protein chain. Interactions of individual components leading to development of micelle structure have intrigued students of casein structure for many years. Some of these studies are reviewed and discussed where relevant to primary structure. Several models of micelle structure are also presented and discussed.

Cytochrome c-552 (soluble 'cytochrome f') from the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechococcus PCC 6312 (ATCC 27167) was purified and the primary structure determined. The proposed sequence consists of one polypeptide chain of 87 residues. The sequence was determined by a combination of chemical and enzymatic cleavage, manual and automatic sequencing and mass spectroscopy. This is the first amino acid sequence of this cytochrome from a unicellular cyanobacterium to be determined in a study of the variation in primary structure between phylogenetically distant cyanobacteria. The sequence is compared to the primary structures of the cytochrome from filamentous cyanobacteria and from eukaryotic algae. The significance of these sequence comparisons to the current hypotheses concerning the origin of eukaryotic cells and their chloroplasts is discussed.