Konsep Al-Ghuslu dalam Kitab Fiqih Manhaji

A review of the qualitative research methods discussed in papers that study software engineering teams showed most of those papers did not follow a systematic process during the qualitative analysis. This finding is concerning as this deficiency in research analysis procedure may reduce the validity and/or completeness of the qualitative results. Such a lack of rigor may be a result of qualitative research not being as firmly established in software engineering as quantitative research methodologies. In engineering research, quantitative methods are typically more prevalent and qualitative analysis is part of a mixed-method analysis process. However, when researching teams, where human activity is abundant, qualitative analysis may need to take precedence. In this paper, we focus on the qualitative analysis method called content analysis with the goal of presenting a rigorous process for content analysis in the context of software engineering. We then present and demonstrate the use of that content analysis process for software engineering researchers using two examples. An analysis of 215 articles that were a result of a mapping study on software engineering team research is presented. Those papers were analyzed to determine which utilized a qualitative data analysis method in their research in addition to the rigor and type of qualitative analysis performed. We ultimately included 23 papers in this study. We present a mapping study and a content analysis process that include a straightforward way to select, code, and present data in both inductive and deductive studies. We demonstrated the process using the keywords from the papers included in this study as well as on a second data set that utilized responses from structured interview transcripts from practicing software engineers. The first dataset also resulted in a taxonomy to categorize software engineering team research. We presented and demonstrated a content analysis process in terms of software engineering in order to improve future qualitative software engineering research that would benefit from systematic content analysis.

Young Adults' Use of Prescription Opioids and Cannabis Postoperatively: A Qualitative Study.

BackgroundStroke prevalence is one of the most pressing issues in many sub-Saharan African countries. Stroke survivors often face disabilities, mental health problems, and experience stigma. Research on post-stroke experiences and interventions is limited, particularly in low and middle-income countries, including Ghana. This study aims to contribute to this gap by investigating experiences of everyday life following a stroke in urban Ghana.MethodA qualitative in-depth study involving 14 interviews with stroke survivors who attended physiotherapy at Accra Physiotherapy and Sports Injury Clinic. Qualitative analysis was conducted to analyse the data.ResultsData analysis generated four themes; [1] Mobility limitations; [2] Psychosocial burden [3] Employment Limitations [4] Financial burden.ConclusionStroke survivors with disabilities perceive themselves as non-functional members of society, which limits their options for a normal life and undermines their well-being. A more in-depth understanding of these issues can contribute to strategies, interventions, and policies that address these problems.

Chapter 6 - Qualitative versus quantitative analysis

Kencur (Kaempferia galanga L.) is one of the plants in the Zingiberaceae family (gingers) that is often used by people in Asia, including Indonesia. Kencur is also widely used as a traditional medicine because it contains active compounds that are beneficial for treatment. This research aims to conduct a qualitative and quantitative analysis of secondary metabolites in Kencur extract samples. Qualitative analysis was conducted using thin layer chromatography with three variations of the mobile phase: Chloroform : Methanol (95:5), Chloroform : Methanol : Glacial Acetic Acid (94:5:1), Chloroform : n-Hexane : Methanol (1:1:0.1), and the stationary phase Silica Gel GF254. Meanwhile, the quantitative analysis was conducted using UV-Vis spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 429.5 nm. The research results show that Kencur contains compounds such as tannins, glycosides, and terpenoids. This research also identifies the presence of curcumin, which has antioxidant effects and other benefits. The results indicate that 2 out of 3 experiments showed positive results, with Kencur containing curcumin at levels of 0.4593% and 0.4393%. The methods used were qualitative methods through thin-layer chromatography and quantitative analysis of curcumin levels in the samples using UV-Vis spectrophotometry.

Transcultural care has gained importance with the global increase in migration. This study aimed to explore and describe midwifery students’ feelings, thoughts, and experiences regarding transcultural midwifery approaches in healthcare delivery in Turkey. This qualitative descriptive study was conducted between January and June 2024 with 42 female midwifery students studying at the Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Midwifery, Ankara Medipol University. Data were collected through semi-structured, face-to-face interviews and analyzed using inductive qualitative content analysis. Codes were developed directly from the data, grouped into sub-categories, and then abstracted into categories. Three main categories and ten sub-categories were identified: [1] Implementation Challenges (communication difficulties, cultural differences, lack of knowledge); [2] Emotional Reactions (empathy, stress, prejudice, curiosity, uncertainty); and [3] Student Perceptions (awareness of cultural diversity, gender-related experiences). Students expressed both enthusiasm and anxiety about caring for culturally diverse patients. Language barriers, lack of cultural knowledge, and uncertainty about appropriate care practices were major challenges. While participants shared similar experiences, variations were observed in emotional responses and coping strategies depending on clinical experience. Midwifery students’ experiences revealed a balance between curiosity and uncertainty when providing care to patients from different cultures. Integrating transcultural care content and simulation-based learning into midwifery curricula could enhance students’ competence and confidence in providing culturally sensitive maternity care. Not applicable.

Labour induction rates are rising globally, with 25 % of all births induced today. Research on professionals' perspectives is limited. Few qualitative studies have been conducted, and none in the Nordic countries. Some countries offer low-risk outpatient induction, allowing women without monitoring needs to await contractions at home. To describe Swedish health care professionals' perspectives and experiences of low-risk outpatient and inpatient induction. A qualitative interview study was conducted at five hospitals participating in the randomised controlled OutPatient InducTION (OPTION) trial (EU CT No.: 2023-507,164-39-00). Focus group discussions or individual interviews were held with 20 health care professionals (midwives, obstetricians and auxiliary nurses) and analysed using qualitative content analysis. Four generic categories were identified: The woman is more central; The birth companion has a natural role; Strategies are needed to maintain safe care; and Health care resources are used more effectively. Professionals viewed low-risk outpatient induction as a beneficial option for many women. They highlighted advantages for women, companions, health care professionals and their work environment, and resource allocation, but emphasised the importance of ensuring safe care. Professionals' experiences support previous research on women's experiences of outpatient labour induction. The structured implementation of the OPTION trial, including guidelines, training and communication strategies, facilitated integration. While underscoring the need for robust safety protocols, according to our findings professionals find that low-risk outpatient induction can improve care, by offering benefits for women, their companions, and the health care system, and contributing to an improved work environment.

One of the important fields that has many applications in the humanities and its education is compulsory for all graduate students is the research method. Generally, the research method is done in three ways: qualitative, quantitative and mixed method. Qualitative method has recently become more and more popular among researchers, so various books have been published in this field and they are trying to specialize the topics related to qualitative research method. The purpose of this study was to review the book Qualitative Research (A Guide to Design and Implementation) and the book house critique method and simultaneous critical philosophical exploration have been used. The book in question is written by Sharon B Miryam and Elizabeth Tisdell, translated by Kiamanesh and Danaye Tous, and published in the summer of 2018 in Samt Publications. The critique tool was the book review checklist of the Council for the Review of Humanities Texts and Books, and qualitative content analysis and repeated readings of the work have been used to investigate the deficiencies. Based on the findings, the strengths of the book in terms of eloquent content and expressiveness of the word, complete explanation and from the beginning to the end of the topic, Continuity of the book contents and the weaknesses of the book can be a simple cover design and writing problems and rules Complete introduction of software required in qualitative research noted.

Background: Today empowerment of women by health literacy has become a necessity. Researchers have shown that women are active seekers of health information and seeking behaviors are driven by various motivational factors. Paying attention to women's motivations for seeking health information could facilitate evidence-based policy making in promotion of public health literacy. As health information seeking develops within personal-social interactions and also the health system context, it seems that a qualitative paradigm is appropriate for studies in this field. Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore Iranian women's motivations for seeking heath information. Patients and Methods: In this qualitative content analysis study, data collection was conducted considering the inclusion criteria, through purposive sampling and by semi-structured interviews with 17 women, using documentation and field notes, until data saturation. Qualitative data analysis was done constantly and simultaneous with data collection. Results: Five central themes emerged to explain the women's motivation for health information seeking including: a) dealing with fear and uncertainly b) understanding the nature of disease and diagnostic/therapeutic procedures c) performing parental duties d) promoting a healthy life style e) receiving safer health care. Conclusions: It seemed that respecting client's concerns, providing comprehensive health information, as well as risk management and promoting safer health care is necessary.

Background: Infertility is a very stressful life state of a couple. The consequences of infertility have a considerable differential effect not only on couples but also on culture and social strata. Inability to conceive can be a very troublesome matter for a couple and potentially it can turn into a traumatic experience with far-reaching consequences. Qualitative understanding of strain can be helpful for in-depth understanding of factors that might need psychosocial intervention. Objective: The purpose of this study is to zero in on the multiple psychosocial aspects of infertile couples, ranging from male etiology, female determinants, and unexplained domains of infertility. Materials and Methods: This was a qualitative cross-sectional content analysis study. 15 couples were interviewed with the mean age of (27± 2.95) years for females and (30±2.43) years for males. Data collection strategies employed in this research included semi-structured open face-to-face interviews and field notes. Results: Qualitative data analysis identified 5 themes—negative emotional reactions, social pressure, marital and sexual dissatisfaction, decreased quality of life, and treatment problems. Conclusion: The various psychosocial crises (unfulfilled maternal instinct, emotional support, unmet social role, diminished social security) related to various types of infertility are evident. Addressing those issues might be helpful to improve the quality of life of couples.

BackgroundOne of the most important consequences of man-made disasters in the world is the loss of homes and, ultimately, forced population displacement. The sheltering of forcibly refugees to safe areas requires the study of scientific criteria.MethodsThis qualitative content analysis study was conducted in Iran to identify the criteria for the sheltering of refugees due to conflict. Participants in the study comprised experts and managers who had expertise, experience, or knowledge in the shelter for refugees. Data was collected in semi-structured interviews with 20 individuals and analyzed by qualitative content analysis to extract and categorize the factors affecting sheltering for refugees.ResultsThe results of this study showed that a wide range of factors should be considered in the sheltering of refugees due to conflict, including land type, access to facilities, access to infrastructures, homogeneity, and similarities, security, distance from danger, environmental factors, economic issues, and political and legal issues. These nine categories covered 53 subcategories and 188 factors.ConclusionsThe comprehensiveness of the factors mentioned in this study showed that the sheltering of refugees due to conflict requires planning, training, culture building, promoting readiness, and inter-organizational coordination. Moreover, managers, policymakers, decision-makers in relief agencies, humanitarian organizations, and organizations involved in sheltering of refugees due to conflict should attend to these factors to improve the process and prevent problems.

Living with CML: A Qualitative Analysis

As analgo-sedation gains prominence, a significant portion of adult ICU patients-including those in neurointensive care units (neuro-ICUs)-remain awake and conscious throughout their stay. Despite this, neuro-ICU patients frequently experience moderate to severe pain, highlighting the critical need for enhanced pain assessment. This study aimed to explore nurses' assessments and attitudes towards pain in critically ill patients in the neuro-ICU. A qualitative, exploratory and inductive study was conducted, inspired by Ricoeur's phenomenological-hermeneutic approach. Data were gathered at a neuro-ICU in Copenhagen, Denmark via four focus group interviews and five semi-structured individual interviews with nurses. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research guided the reporting process. Four key themes were identified in the qualitative analysis: Subjective pain perception, exclusive nursing responsibility for pain assessment, continuity for interpreting lived pain and attitudes undermining pain care in the neuro-ICU. Nurses viewed neuro-ICU patients with brain injury as unable to self-assess pain due to cognitive and communication deficits, irrespective of sedation level, leaving pain assessment dependent on the nurses' interpretive judgement. Nurses in neuro-ICU found pain assessment challenging due to impaired communication and fluctuations in consciousness, independent of sedation level. Nurses' dependence on physical parameters and tacit interpretive judgement placed clinical decision-making in their hands when medical input was absent. Under these conditions, continuity of care became vital for interpreting patients' subjective pain cues. This need for continuity was further amplified by nurses' perception of holding sole responsibility for pain assessment in the neuro-ICU. The findings emphasize the need for structured pain assessment approaches that combine standardized tools with nurses clinical judgment in analgo-sedated neuro-ICU patients. Continuity of care appears essential for recognizing individual pain expressions and supporting consistent clinical decision-making. Stronger interdisciplinary collaboration may reduce the burden on nurses and improve shared responsibility for pain management. Reflective practice and education are needed to address implicit biases, particularly toward patients with substance use histories. Together, these initiatives may reduce variation in analgo-sedation practices and better protect patient comfort.

BackgroundInsufficient knowledge of food allergy and anaphylaxis has been identified by caregivers as an important barrier to coping, and a potential cause of fear and anxiety, particularly for those with children newly diagnosed with food allergy.The purpose of the study was to better understand the experiences of caregivers of children with a first allergic reaction to food, and to identify any deficiencies in the information received at diagnosis.MethodsA mixed-methods study consisting of an online survey administered to the Anaphylaxis Canada online registry (a patient support group database of approximately 10,000 members), and a follow-up qualitative interview with a subset of survey participants. Analysis consisted of frequency analysis (quantitative and qualitative data) and descriptive statistics to calculate proportions and means with standard deviations. Qualitative analyses were guided by the constant comparative method of grounded theory methodology.ResultsOf 293 survey respondents, 208 were eligible to complete the survey (first allergic reaction to food within 12 months of the study), and 184 respondents consented. Identified gaps included education about food allergy, anaphylaxis management, for example, how to use epinephrine auto- injectors, and coping strategies for fear and anxiety. The qualitative follow-up study supported these findings, yielding 3 major themes: 1) lack of provision of information following the episode on the recognition and management of food allergy related allergic reactions, 2) prolonged wait times for an allergist, and 3) significant family anxiety.ConclusionsThe online survey highlighted multiple deficiencies at diagnosis, findings which were supported by the follow up qualitative study. Results will inform the development of educational strategies for patients newly diagnosed with food allergy.

FDG-PET/CT Characterization of Adrenal Nodules: Diagnostic Accuracy and Interreader Agreement Using Quantitative and Qualitative Methods