Lexique du parler banka

As one of the most morphologically conservative branches of the Sino-Tibetan language family, most of the Rgyalrongic languages are still understudied and poorly understood, not to mention their vulnerable or endangered status. It is therefore important for available data of these languages to be made accessible. The lexical data sets the authors have assembled provide comparative word lists of 20 modern and medieval Rgyalrongic languages, consisting of word lists from fieldwork carried out by the first author and other colleagues as well as published word lists by other authors. In particular, data of the two Khroskyabs varieties were collected by the first author from 2011 to 2016. Cognate identification is based on the authors' expertise in Rgyalrong historical linguistics through application of the comparative method. We curated the data by conducting phonemic segmentation and partial cognate annotation. The data sets can be used by historical linguists interested in the etymology and the phylogeny of the languages in question, and they can use them to answer questions regarding individual word histories or the subgrouping of languages in this important branch of Sino-Tibetan.

In 1926, Roussy and Lévy described a large family whose members manifested an early onset dominantly inherited gait ataxia, pes cavus, and areflexia, which was eventually associated with distal muscle atrophy, postural tremor, and minor sensory loss. Slow nerve conduction and demyelination of nerve fibers with onion bulb formations in nerve biopsy specimens led to the Roussy-Lévy syndrome (RLS) being considered a variant of demyelinating Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT-1). In the present article, we report on the long-term follow-up, on nerve biopsy findings, and on the underlying molecular genetic defect in members of the original family studied by Roussy and Lévy. All patients were able to walk during their seventh decade of life. Morphologically, a chronic demyelinating neuropathy with the remarkable aspects of a focally hypertrophic myelin sheath and major loss of myelinated fibers was observed in nerve biopsy specimens of 3 members of this family. Molecular genetic testing identified a previously unknown heterozygous missense point mutation which yielded an Asn131Lys substitution in the extracellular domain of the myelin protein zero (P0). These findings show that the Roussy-Lévy family belongs to the CMT-1B subtype and has original morphological and genetic features.

In this present article, we demonstrate that the mechanisms of judgmental correction apply to situations of social judgments as well as to psychological tasks in which judgmental components are not apparent. Particularly, it has been shown in previous experiments (Strack & Bless, 1994) that in a basic recognition task, subjects were more likely to use the absence of a recollective experience to decide if a test stimulus was new if they had reason to believe that they would have had such an experience had the stimulus been presented. In our study, subjective theories about the memorability of different stimuli were experimentally induced. Before subjects had to study word lists with and without music, they were told that background music may facilitate or inhibit their learning. The results of a subsequent recognition task revealed that subjects who were led to believe that music would inhibit their learning more often rejected items of the learning list associated with music, in contrast to the learning list not associated with music. These findings suggest that subjective theories about one's own psychological functioning may be used to regulate or correct judgments in basic psychological domains such as memory.

The present article is a description of the stages involved in compiling a specialized corpus of Macedonian magazine texts and the software tools employed to extract anglicisms from the corpus. The texts were collected from the magazine Kapital and cover two distinct periods: the years 2000 and 2020. The size of the corpus is about 2 million tokens and 141,852 types. The software employed produced word lists that later in combination with other statistical techniques produced a refined Anglicism headword list from which new anglicisms were extracted. In addition to the software tools, careful manual inspection was necessary in both the extraction and analysis stages. As a result of the research, a total of 220 completely new anglicisms have been identified. Most of these new anglicisms are not yet included in existing Macedonian dictionaries.

Dynamic oracle training has shown substantial improvements for dependency parsing in various settings, but has not been explored for constituent parsing. The present article introduces a dynamic oracle for transition-based constituent parsing. Experiments on the 9 languages of the SPMRL dataset show that a neural greedy parser with morphological features , trained with a dynamic oracle, leads to accuracies comparable with the best non-reranking and non-ensemble parsers.

The article purpose is to present the selected trends in pottery production, being in author’s opinion the evidence of mutual crossing of various cultural ethnic traditions within one discussed territory. The source base for the following debate consists of ceramic material obtained in the course of archaeological explorations carried out in early mediaeval stronghold in Łosośna Wielka, Kuźnica commune, Podlaskie province. The subject literature when tries to attribute foreign origin, other than the local one to particular objects, accepts the criteria as follows: morphological features varied in quality, material, different than local and the other technique than the one occurring in the studied area. Unfortunately, in case of northern Podlachia, insufficient state of published material and complex, but not completely recognized ethno-cultural situation makes, that at present state of research univocal classification of a particular pottery product as local or foreign seems impossible. Therefore, present article takes as a foreign criterion the fact of relations between a particular pottery trend and a certain cultural-ethnic tradition of external territories, with simultaneous technological-stylistic diversity in comparison to forms being in the light of present studies regarded as local products. Accepting the methodical assumptions described above led to distinguishing in the material subjected to analyses, three pottery trends with characteristics of external cultural-ethnic traditions. First of them is so called glazed ceramics, commonly connected with the culture of east-Lithuanian kurgans. This material is characterized with significant fragmentation – lack of complete vessels or preserved in at least bigger fragments, up to the half of their height is reported, with predominance of small pieces of bodies, not bearing any characteristic features – over 95% of the collection. In the light of present knowledge on the subject, glazed pottery developed between the beginning of 3 rd and the end of 6 th century, although the fact that some of its forms could have preserved until 7 th –8 th century, or even 9 th century should be taken into consideration. Next group, distinguished from standard material, consists of pottery fragments of vessels completely hand-made. Technologically and stylistically they indicate astonishing similarities with early mediaeval Prussian vessels of transitive type, i. e. forms combining features of two separate pottery styles – Baltic and Slavic ones. Analogous dishes from the settlement in Konikowo were dated from 9 th or 1 st half of 10 th century, and the ones excavated in castle hill in Szurpily, from 9 th –10 th century. It is worth signaling in this place that very similar vessels are found also in Lithuanian strongholds. The last discussed trend is represented only by one example, classified technologically-stylistically as so called Tornow type, characteristic for the region of Lower Lusatia or southern part of the Greater Poland; as imported products they appear, among the others, in Western Pomerania or Central Poland, although up till now they have never been excavated in the territory of eastern Masovia, and what is more, in Podlachia. In accordance with recent statements, ceramics of Tornow type appeared the earliest at the turn of 9 th century and its most developing period fell for 10 th century.

The differential diagnosis between pleural mesothelioma, metastatic carcinoma and peripheral lung adenocarcinoma is a well-known diagnostic challenge and is of critical importance for proper clinical management in view of the increasing number of claims involving asbestos exposure. Malignant mesothelioma can show diverse histopathological appearances. In cytology, difficulties are often due to overlap in the morphologic features of mesothelial cells and carcinomatous cells. In either case, various ancillary studies such as immunohistochemistry, histochemistry and electron microscopy are utilized to make a diagnosis as accurate as possible. The present article will address the differential diagnosis of epithelial mesothelioma highlighting medicolegal considerations.

The French Lexicon Project involved the collection of lexical decision data for 38,840 French words and the same number of nonwords. It was directly inspired by the English Lexicon Project (Balota et al., 2007) and produced very comparable frequency and word length effects. The present article describes the methods used to collect the data, reports analyses on the word frequency and the word length effects, and describes the Excel files that make the data freely available for research purposes. The word and pseudoword data from this article may be downloaded from http://brm.psychonomic-journals.org/content/supplemental.

The present article reports the results of an acoustic analysis of Czech, Slovak and Croatian words containing a syllabic rhotic, with a view to determining whether rhotics of this type should be regarded as syllabic consonants or rather as vowel-rhotic sequences, due to being preceded by an intrusive vocalic element. The primary objective of the study was to describe the temporal and spectral properties of intrusive vocalic elements that precede and sometimes follow the rhotic segment in order to define the extent to which they vary in the three languages. To achieve the aim, an acoustic analysis of samples of read speech was performed. The recordings were obtained from native speakers of Croatian, Czech and Slovak who read a list of words embedded in a carrier phrase. The analysis of the temporal data was meant to reveal whether the syllabic rhotics of the three languages are developing towards becoming vowel-rhotic sequences, which has recently occurred in Slovene. Syllabic rhotics, usually realised as taps, are normally flanked by vocalic segments that not only have a distinct formant structure, but also appear to be sufficiently long to determine their quality. The analysis points to the conclusion that intrusive vocalic elements are schwa-like segments in the sense that the values of their formants (F1 and F2) tend to be similar to those of the schwa vowel. Also, the findings reveal that the average duration of the intrusive segments is considerably longer in Croatian than in Czech and Slovak. Thus, the results indicate that a sound change might be taking place in Croatian.