Link Layer Assisted Multicast-Based Mobile RSVP (LM-MRSVP)

This paper describes a mobility management framework for train passenger communications centred on an IP-based hybrid high altitude platform (HAP)-Satellite network. With their inherent wide area coverage, satellites have been used to provide mobile communications services and Internet access for global vehicular transportation systems. In analogy, HAP networks can provide wireless communication services complementary to those offered by satellite and terrestrial networks. In this paper, an integrated HAP-Satellite communication network architecture is proposed to support mobile Internet access for train passengers. To ensure service continuity and service quality throughout the train journey, mobility management and QoS support need to be carefully designed, Mobile IP is adopted to support macro-mobility and to to provide transparent handover operation to service connections and RSVP is used to provide QoS support to ensure the required service quality of multimedia applications running over the hybrid HAP-Satellite train network is still satisfied during handover. However, combining Mobile IP with RSVP poses several challenges due to the difference in their operation layers. In this paper, a handover algorithm that integrates Mobile IP and RSVP to simultaneously support mobility and QoS is derived. A signaling interface that can either loosely or tightly couple Mobile IP and RSVP is described. The associated signaling protocols are also presented in this paper.

Today's Internet technology is able to support different quality-of-service (QoS) classes to meet different application and user requirements. Combined with the support of user mobility, service providers offer differentiated services not only to their own customers, but also to roaming users. This offer is accompanied normally by more complex pricing schemes which require a complex accounting of the real service consumption. As commercial provisioning of Internet services needs to meet security requirements of providers as well as users, the service consumption must be provable to justify billing and to protect users and providers against other malicious parties. This paper develops the NorCIS architecture (non-repudiation of the consumption of Internet services) and its detailed protocol interactions which allow for the generation and transfer of non-repudiation evidences of service consumptions in a mobile Internet protocol (IP)-based environment. An evidence structure is proposed, supporting a variety of accounting schemes and including information which are used to protect against various attacks. In addition, NorCIS proposes the use of virtual identifiers within evidences to support the privacy of users' identities.

This paper proposes a communication system which ensures Internet connectivity and network transparency to a group of nodes with several network interface devices. We also implement this system as In-vehicle Router System. A vehicle consists of a group of nodes such as sensor nodes and devices held by passengers, is connected to the Internet through several network interface devices. It is typical for buses, trains, and airplanes to have such Mobile Internet environment, and the nodes in such vehicles have to change the attachment point of the Internet frequently. But the nodes would then not be able to maintain transport and higher-layer connections if it changes the attachment point. Thus, it is important to provide mobility support like Mobile IP. These nodes include low cost network appliances with only limited space for extra functions. It is preferred that a solution has no impact on these low cost nodes. Therefore, existing Host Mobility Protocol is not suitable for this situation. In this article, we propose the In-vehicle Router System as a solution to this situation by combining network mobility protocol with Interface switching system. We also implement and evaluate our system on the InternetITS testbed. We have confirmed that our system provides enough functionality to satisfy the requirements of Mobile Internet vehicles.

Paging Mobile Internet Protocol can reduce signaling cost and power consumption in Mobile Internet Protocol (Mobile IP) significantly by utilizing the idle state of the Mobile Node. Paging Mobile IP, however, still use the same registration method as Mobile IP. Registration takes long delay if Mobile Node roams far way from its Home Agent. Therefore, Paging Mobile IP still has poor performance in terms of handoff latency and number of lost packets. In this research, we propose to combine Paging Mobile IP with regional registration and multicasting to improve its performance. Gateway Foreign Agent is introduced in the visited domain to handle regional registration and paging process. We apply multicasting to send packets from Gateway Foreign Agent to Mobile Node so that the Mobile Node can receive packets as soon as it moves to new cell. Two methods are proposed. The first method uses Network Layer information for movement detection and construction of multicast group while the second method utilizes Link Layer information for the same purposes. We simulate our proposed methods by using Borland Delphi 7 and compare their performance to Mobile IP, Paging Mobile IP, Paging Mobile IP Post Registration, and Paging Mobile IP Regional Registration in terms of handoff latency, number of lost packets, signaling cost, and data hop. Simulation results in all scenarios show that our proposed methods perform much better than original Paging Mobile IP Protocol. Proposed Method 1 has the best performance in terms of handoff latency and number of lost packets among all protocols that use Network Layer information for movement detection. Furthermore, Proposed Method 2 also performs better than Paging Mobile IP Post Registration in most scenarios.

The purpose of this research was to improve the communication technology for mobile computing devices. It focused on increasing the speed and reliability of data, voice, and video transmissions while away from a home or office and mobile. A new mobility protocol is proposed building on the existing mobile Internet protocol (Mobile IP). This new protocol used the concept of port redirection to route traffic to a mobile node and eliminated the need for tunneling. The enhanced protocol was designed to more efficiently use network resources, improve performance, and increase scalability. The analysis shows that with the exception of the first packet exchanged, the delay of the proposed protocol was similar to that of the current mobile IP protocol, and the amount of overhead required was decreased when compared to mobile IP as the number of packets exchanged increased. This occurred because of a one-time overhead in the new protocol compared to an overhead with every tunneled packet in mobile IP.

Mobile IP is a mobility management protocol that has been designed to support mobile users in the Internet. As researchers are currently considering to use it in the third generation cellular system, it becomes clear that some kind of hierarchy is needed in Mobile IP to improve its scalability and its support for fast handoff control. Along this line, several proposals that separate the macro mobility management from the micro mobility management have been made recently. All these proposals agree that Mobile IP is a good protocol to support macro mobility but they all define their own micro mobility management protocol. As a result, a mobile host will need to understand the different micro mobility management protocols of the sites that it visits in order to stay connected. We argue that this approach is not practical and that a framework that allows the deployment of different micro mobility management protocol in different parts of the Internet while still providing seamless roaming to mobile users is needed. This paper present such a framework. We propose to decompose the Internet mobility management protocol into three components. The first one, the registration protocol, specifies the registration procedures between the mobile node and the domain it is attached to. It is standard and unique. The second one, the micro mobility protocol, manages local mobility and may differ from one domain to another. The third one, the macro mobility protocol, manages mobility across domains. We suggest to use Mobile IP as the macro mobility protocol.

For industry, the need to access accurate and reliable objective video metrics has become more pressing with the advent of new video applications and services such as mobile broadcasting, Internet video, and Internet Protocol television (IPTV). Industry-class objective quality- measurement models have a wide range of uses, including equipment testing (e.g., codec evaluation), transmission- planning and network-dimensioning tasks, head-end quality assurance, in- service network monitoring, and client-based quality measurement. The Video Quality Experts Group (VQEG) is the primary forum for validation testing of objective perceptual quality models. The work of VQEG has resulted in International Telecommunication Union (ITU) standardization of objective quality models designed for standard- definition television and for multimedia applications. This article reviews VQEG's work, paying particular attention to the group's approach to validation testing.

Today's technology trend indicates that billions of hand-held gadgets as well as other types of mobile devices will be coming online in the next few years. While the existing Internet mobility standards, namely Mobile IP, is waiting for a wide adoption, cellphone networks are providing the ubiquitous mobility services on a global scale as of today. They have also promoted IP core network architecture and adopted Proxy Mobile IPv6, an extension to Mobile IP, for their mobility service. There is an open question regarding whether the Internet would, or would not, require significant architectural changes to provide universal mobility support at a scale that is likely to go far beyond the scale and scope of today's cellular telephone services. In this paper, we examine the fundamental di erences between the mobility service models provided by Internet and cellphone systems. We argue that decoupling network access control from mobility support can provide an architecturally promising direction for scalable and decentralized mobile communications, and that designing mobility support outside the global routing system can o er an overall best tradeo as measured by flexibility, manageability, and scalability of the resulting systems.

The growing popularity of IEEE 802.11 has made wireless LAN a potential candidate technology for providing high speed wireless access services. Also, by supporting Mobile IP, wireless LAN can meet demands for expanded wireless access coverage while maintaining continuous connectivity from one wireless LAN to another. In the Mobile IP procedure, mobile node movement can be detected from advertisements of foreign agents that differ from the previously received advertisement and the new care-of address is registered with the home agent. However, user packets are not forwarded to the new foreign agent until registration is completed and this interruption may degrade the quality of service especially in real-time applications such as audio and video or may lower the TCP throughput due to retransmission timeout. To tackle these issues, we propose a new low latency handoff method, where access points used in a wireless LAN environment and a dedicated MAC bridge are jointly used to alleviate packet loss without altering the Mobile IP specifications. In this paper, we present the design architecture of the proposed method and evaluate its performance in an actual network environment to verify the effectiveness of our approach.

This paper addresses the challenges related to the interoperability of GSM and IP networks by presenting an interworking concept between the GSM and IP telephony services. The Mobile IP protocol provides mobile Internet hosts with data service roaming between IP sub-networks of different access technologies. Being a generic solution, Mobile IP may fail to exploit the special characteristics of some access technologies. In particular, Mobile IP is not a sufficient solution for the speech service roaming between GSM and IP telephony. The presented concept provides transparent mobility for both data and speech services between GSM and IP-based wireless local area networks.

Performance of two low latency handoff schemes in mobile Internet protocol (Mobile IP), pre-registration handoff and post-registration handoff are evaluated in terms of packet loss by means of Network Simulation (NS). We describe several handoff implementations over wireless access based on the IEEE 802.11 standard on an NS simulation.We compare the system performance of pre-registration handoff and post-registration handoff with the original regional registration mobile IP with respect to packet loss. To reduce the packet loss in both schemes, the buffer is needed to implement at each base station and the overlapping area of each base station is considered.We, moreover, study the influence of the signaling cost over the anchor Foreign Agent (aFA) for post-registration handoff and over the Gateway Foreign Agent (GFA) for pre-registration handoff when both schemes have been implemented with the regional registration mobile IP. The group of FAs under the aFA or under the GFA has been selected in order to consume the minimal network resource.Post-registration handoff scheme, however, may lead to excessive signaling cost to an aFA where numerous FAs establish the bi-directional edge tunnel (BET) with it. Therefore, a method to determine the optimal number of FAs performing BET with the aFA in post-registration handoff is proposed. It is based on an analytical model by minimizing the total location update, packet delivery and processing BET costs. We investigate the total signaling cost at the aFA in the post-registration handoff by the proposed analytical model and NS simulation.

Mobile MPLS, as the integration of Mobile IP and MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching), has the benefits of having mobility support from Mobile IP and quality of service support from MPLS. These benefits are important to mobile networks carrying various Internet services to mobile users. Nevertheless, Mobile MPLS inherits a problem of routing inefficiency called triangle routing from Mobile IP. This paper proposes a route optimization protocol to overcome this problem in Mobile MPLS. By adding a correspondent agent function to Mobile MPLS's edge routers, the mobility binding of a mobile node can be cached by the edge routers and the packet routing to the mobile node can be route-optimized. We evaluate our proposal by implementing it on the Network Simulator (NS-2). The simulation results indicate that the proposed route optimization has improved the performance of Mobile MPLS by reducing its end-to-end delay.

As the number of Mobile IP users is expected to grow, the signaling overhead associated with mobility management in the mobile Internet is bound to grow. And since the wireless link has far less bandwidth resources and limited scalability compared to the wired network link, the signaling overhead associated with mobility management has a severe effect on the wireless link. In this paper, we propose IP-Grouping scheme. In the proposed scheme, Access Routers (ARs) with a large number of handoff are grouped into a Group Zone. The signaling cost in the wireless link can be greatly reduced as the current Care-of Address (CoA) of Mobile Node (MNs) is not changed whenever the handoffs occur between ARs within the same Group Zone. The performance of the proposed scheme is compared with the Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6). We present the analysis and simulation results for IP-Grouping and HMIPv6, and show that IP-Grouping reduces the wireless signaling overhead under various system conditions and supports the mobility of a large number of MNs.

This paper addresses the problem of resource reservation at the network layer for mobile nodes, and proposes a simple and scalable scheme that allocates resources to an ongoing data flow of a mobile node in all the neighboring subnets. The resource reservation setup and maintenance are achieved through two simple protocols, viz, the Neighbor Mobility Agent Discovery Protocol (NMADP), and the Mobile Reservation Update Protocol (MRUP). These protocols can be easily incorporated into the current Internet routing mechanisms such as the Open Shortest Path First protocol (OSPF) and Mobile IP. Since the scope of our reservation protocols is restricted to leaf subnet they are also adaptable with both Intserv and Diffserv architectures of the Internet. With Intserv, our protocols can work with Mobile RSVP, by providing the list of foreign agents so that passive reservations can be setup. Whereas, for Diffserv, the reservation is made by the NMADP and MRUP protocols.

This letter proposes a vertical handoff scheme for integrated WLAN and UMTS that use the mobile Internet Protocol (IP) to reduce the packet loss caused by the ping-pong effect for high mobility users. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme efficiently increases the throughput of high mobility users.