分析和研製以Linux作業系統為基礎之IEEE 802.16 WiMAX系統架構和軟體模擬實體層

The mobile phone industry has experienced an explosive growth in recent years. The emerging markets such as China, India, and Brazil contribute this growth. In China, the number of mobile subscribers has already surpassed the number of fixed landline phone subscribers. In Korea and Japan, there is an explosion of mobile and wireless services. The United States are joining too and there were 207.9 million subscribers in 2005 (CTIA, 2006). Mobile e-commerce (m-commerce) makes business mobility a reality; mobile users could access the Internet at any time, from anywhere with handheld devices or laptop. A 3G enabled smart phone enables you to access a wide range of services anywhere and anytime. For example, you can send and receive e-mail, make cinema and restaurant reservations and pay for them, check real train time, look at digital maps, download music and games, and also browse the Internet. Mobile and wireless services are ranging from mobile communication networks to wireless local area networks. The service provided by mobile communication systems has achieved huge success as mobile and wireless communication technologies are converging at fast speed. We will study mobile and wireless communication in relation to mobile phones. Hence, m-commerce is defined as electronic commerce carried out in handheld devices such as smart phone through mobile and wireless communication network.

After 35 years from its birth in 1979, mobile wireless communications networks have evolved into the 4th generation (4G). The mobile data traffic volume is growing explosively and therefore, significantly advanced spectrum- and energy-efficient wireless communication technology needs to be developed for the 5th generation (5G) mobile wireless communications networks. One promising approach is to adopt a distributed antenna smallcell network, in which a number of distributed antennas are deployed over a macro-cell area. Distributed antennas surrounding a user and user antennas form distributed MIMO channel. In this presentation, two types of distributed MIMO cooperative signal transmission technique are presented. One is space-time block coded (STBC) diversity, which aims to improve the macro-cell edge users' throughput. The other is multi-user joint transmit/receive filtering, which aims to improve the sum-throughput of users in a good channel condition. When using cooperative signal transmission, peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the transmit signal is increased. Therefore, PAPR reduction will be still necessary for battery-operated user terminal transmit power amplifiers. Blind selected mapping (blind SLM) which can effectively suppress the PAPR and requires no side information sharing is presented.

Mobile wireless technology is developing extremely fast in Present times. It is emerging in all the fields of mobile communication such as internet access, location based services, video conferencing system, mobile financial services, mobile entertainment services etc. Mobile networking refers to technology that can support voice and/or data network connectivity using wireless, via a radio transmission solution. In the past, wireless communications predominantly used circuit switching to carry voice over a network; however, more recently both voice and data are being transmitted over both circuit-switched and packet-switched networks. This paper will through the light on evolution of mobile Wireless Communication Technologies along with their significance and to compare the advantages of one over the other. Keywords: Wireless Technologies, 1G to 5G, Cellular Architecture, Mobile Radiation

This paper reviews the expected wide and profound impact of nanotechnology for future wireless devices and communication technologies. This article points out the possibilities of overcoming the same problem set from a device perspective by taking advantage of the merits of nanotechnologies. At the same time, open research issues and challenges are identified to spark new interests and developments in this field. Devices that use wireless communication range from RFID tags to TV receivers, and satellites to mobile phones. The availability of internet access from tablets and mobile phones is growing at an exponential rate, causing increasing demands on the performance of wireless networks and mobile devices. Some passive components necessary in wireless devices, such as inductors and capacitors, cannot be minimized as quickly as transistors and integrated circuits. This imbalance makes it likely that the performance requirements of mobile handsets will exceed the capabilities of current RF technologies within the next 10 to 15 years. As well as the global growth in mobile internet access via tablets and smartphones, wireless sensors, health monitoring systems and other devices dependent on wireless communication are becoming more and more prevalent. Developing more compact, more efficient, and less expensive wireless communication devices will have significant impact on these areas and enable new solutions for healthcare services, logistics and environmental monitoring. The devices that use wireless communication ranges from RFID tags to television set receivers and satellites to mobile phones. The availability of internet access from mobile devices is growing at an exponential rate that causes rising demand on the wireless network and mobile devices' performance. As the type of activities that consumers are engaging in over the wireless connections is changing day in day out, it has been an increased need for the devices to change also. For instance in radios, the increasing quantity of mobile internet traffic there has been increased the need for additional frequency for support. The modern world is becoming an intelligent interactive environment that has needs novel autonomous sensors with wireless communication links that require to be incorporated into an everyday object. This is the reason why sensors that are nanoenabled integrated with small RF transceivers are useful in monitoring air quality, water pollution among other aspects. The main drivers of changing into nanotechnology in wireless devices are needed for high performance, reduced consumption of power as well as reduced compact size.

With the development of communication technology, the key technologies of the 5th Generation Mobile Communication Network have been solved and the basic communication protocols have been adopted. The transmission of network information is also more convenient, bringing revolutionary changes to people's lives. At present, China's 5G mobile communication network has gradually become popular and covered. In the last two years, 5g technology will surely bring great changes to people in the field of mobile Internet and Internet of things, 5G mobile networks can support iot requirements. The 5g technology has not got rid of the fragility of virtual network while providing convenience, so it faces the security pressure which cannot be underestimated. And the security of 5G network and service should cover all aspects of service, let the user use it after ensuring the security, build a reliable, safe, convenient bridge, otherwise it is easy to cause the loss of user's benefit, even endanger national security, thus seriously hinder the development of 5G technology.

Lifelong learning LLL has been debated in educational environments for more than a decade, but with the proliferation of mobile and wireless communication technologies and pervasiveness of educatio...

The wireless optical communication is a kind of broadband access technology, it can be said that it properly combined with the optical fiber and wireless communication technology. More to say, it is a powerful supplement of modern optical fiber communication. In this paper, based on the advantages of wireless optical communication technology, this paper introduces the wireless optical communication technology in the application of 2G network, 3G network and extends the application in backbone network, and analyzes the common problems and solutions in the wireless optical communication. With the advance of technology, the wireless optical communications technology development prospects will be more and more broad, is worthy of popularization and application.

The interconnection of all things and industrial integration is the current trend of the times. Among them, the interconnection of all things is the demand of informationization of the times, and the industrial integration is the demand of industrial development. The interconnection of all things is realized based on wireless communication technology. It is necessary to combine the development of the tourist area and the surrounding culture. The relationship between tourist attractions and culture needs to be fully and effectively developed. In order to fully explore the advantages of the cooperation between the two, it is necessary to combine modern technology to package the tour process of each characteristic culture of the scenic spot. Virtual reality is a modern technology that can combine culture and tourism. Wireless communication and VR technology are applied to the development of integration of culture and tourism. The process of tourism will promote profound changes in the tourism model. Under the demand for informatization in various industries, the tourism industry is gradually developing in this direction. The integration of culture and tourism will also be driven by informatization and technology. This paper analyzes the current situation of culture and tourism, summarizes the problems existing in the current process of integration of culture and tourism, and finally puts forward targeted solutions. Mainly in the process of the integration and development of tourism and cultural industries, the traditional culture and scenic spots are the basic factors, combined with wireless communication and virtual reality technology, to develop a tourism industry with technological characteristics of the new era.

Energy harvesting (EH), which refers to replenishing energy from the environment, is demonstrated to be a promising approach in reducing the operational expenses (OPEX) and increasing the network lifetime of emerging wireless communication technologies by eliminating the need for frequent battery replacing or recharging of wireless devices. Among various ambient energy sources, the focus of this dissertation is on wireless power transfer (WPT) considering the unique characteristic of radio frequency (RF) signals; that is, they inherently carry both information and energy. A particularly interesting scenario arises when sources support simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) to provide a remote, controllable, and on-demand energy source. In this context, one of the promising deployment approaches is SWIPT-enabled cognitive radio networks (CRNs), which offer significant gains in terms of spectral and energy efficiencies. One of the practical scenarios of RF-powered CRN is deploying a number of distributed cognitive sensor nodes, equipped with RF EH modules, to sense a specific area and send the sensed data to an access point while coexisting with a primary licensed network. However, exploiting the full potentials of SWIPT-enabled CRNs is subject to carefully aligning the requirements of the EH unlicensed secondary receivers (SRs) with those of the legitimate primary receivers (PRs). In light of this, the first contribution of this thesis focuses on investigating the problem of beamforming for the downlink of multi-user multiple-input single-output (MU-MISO) CRNs. With the objective of minimising the transmission power of the secondary base station (SBS), optimal and suboptimal solutions for the formulated optimisation problem are provided by jointly optimising the transmit beamforming vector at the SBS and adjusting the parameters of the energy harvesters at the SRs. It is shown that the obtained solutions are efficient in meeting the EH and quality-of-service (QoS) requirements of the SRs and the levels of interference accepted by the PRs. Apart from SWIPT-enabled CRNs, relay-assisted SWIPT networks are envisioned to be a promising framework offering extended coverage, diversity gains, and enhanced energy efficiency. In this case, the relay network itself can benefit from the relayed transmissions in terms of saving energy, and the harvested energy can be used to charge relay nodes and extend their lifetime as compensation for their role of data forwarding. Nonetheless, a concrete performance analysis on the impact of the involved system parameters such as, the energy conversion efficiency and the location of the EH relay terminal, on the trade-off between the achievable information transfer efficiency and the harvested energy level is crucial for the successful implementation of SWIPT in this context. This inspired the research work in the next two contributions with the main focus on developing novel comprehensive analytical frameworks for the investigation and evaluation of SWIPT relaying systems. Specifically, the second contribution is dedicated to examining the application of noncoherent modulation, which is recognised as an energy efficient modulation scheme for SWIPT, due to its ability to eliminate the need of instantaneous channel state information (CSI) estimation/tracking. Through adopting a moments-based approach, novel expressions are derived for the outage probability, achievable throughput, and average symbol error rate (ASER) of dual-hop SWIPT relaying systems. Furthermore, new asymptotic analytical results are derived for the high SNR regime and are then utilised to analytically quantify the achievable diversity order. The proposed mathematical tools are demonstrated to be an accurate and efficient means by which one can conduct a thorough analysis on the system performance without the burden of Monte Carlo simulations. Finally, the third contribution focuses on SWIPT relaying systems operating in the presence of impulsive non-Gaussian noise, which is typical in several practical scenarios. Several studies show sufficient evidences that impulse man-made noise is encountered in various metropolitan, indoor, and underwater wireless applications. Examples of these sources include automotive ignition, electronic devices, household appliances, medical equipment, and industrial equipment. To characterise the behavior of the system performance under this type of noise, an efficient analytical framework is developed where novel closed-form xpressions for the pairwise error probability (PEP) are derived for two relaying schemes, namely, blind relaying and CSI-assisted relaying, employed under two assumptions imposed on the deployed EH process; namely, instantaneous EH (IEH) and average EH (AEH). Apart from being accurate, the derived expressions are shown to be efficient in quantifying the diversity order of the system and providing a comprehensive study on the impact of the severity of impulsive noise on the behavior of the system.

Because of the rapid growth of the Internet, we are currently heading into the information age. High-speed data transmission for wireless communication is becoming increasingly important, especially for mobile terminals. This is because a high rate of speed requires a wide bandwidth, and the spectrum bandwidth is a precious commodity in wireless communications. It is very expensive to provide a data rate of more than one Mbps. For this reason, the question is raised: ”Will wireless communications come to an end?” The answer, of course, is no. However, many problems lie ahead, waiting to be solved. Some of these problems are due to Mother Nature's limitations, some require technology breakthroughs, some are service creation strategy issues, and some issues are impacted because of the government's role. The future need of wireless communications is wide bandwidth for multi-media, such as voice, data, video, and image transmission. Designing the wireless information superhighway for the last 100 meters can satisfy this large bandwidth requirement. The demand and capacity requirements of a long communication link lead us to consider a hybrid system that combines wireline and wireless.

Against the demand of intelligent greenhouse construction of facility agriculture, greenhouse environment monitoring system is developed. The system contains three-layer architecture: sensor network layer at the bottom, data transmission convergence layer in the middle and monitoring application layer on the top, which is different from design idea of the existing system architecture. The bottom layer uses ZigBee wireless communication technology to construct wireless sensor network, and node type contains coordinator, router and acquisition terminal. Acquisition terminal is distributed in each greenhouse to collect data and play the role of wireless transmission, and router plays the function of data forwarding as the bridge of acquisition terminal and coordinator. Middle layer is composed of monitoring software developed by LabVIEW software of NI Company and coordinator, which is used to gather data from the bottom layer. The top layer is comprehensive monitoring platform developed by Java language, which is used to gather greenhouse data of all plantation bases in one region, thereby providing comprehensive information service for government, enterprise and farmer. Greenhouse environment monitoring system realizes data collection and sharing of greenhouse environment information（air temperature, air humidity, light intensity and carbon dioxide concentration）. Via test verification, the system’s operation is stable, with certain application value.

Access to general purpose information and communication technology (ICT) is not equally distributed on our planet: developed countries represent about 70% of all Internet users, while its percentage of Internet hosts has raised from 90% in 2000 to about 99% in 2002. Things change dramatically if we look at mobile and wireless technology: developing countries already represent about 40% of mobile connections in 2000, with a foreseen growth rate that is faster in developing countries than in developed ones in the period 2000-2005 (mainly due to India and the People’s Republic of China). This trend is driven by the new perspectives offered by mobile electronic technology applications that provide an alternative to poor telecommunication infrastructures still common in many developing countries. The technological evolution in wireless data communications is introducing a rich landscape of new services relying on three main technologies: • proximity (or personal) area networks (PANs), composed of personal and wearable devices capable of automatically setting up transient communication environments (also known as ad hoc networks); • wireless local area network technologies (WLANs); and • a third generation of mobile telecommunications (3G), gradually replacing General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) and the related set of technologies collectively called “2.5 Generation” (2.5G). PAN is a new technology bringing the “always connected” principle to the personal space. On the other hand, 3G systems and WLANs have coexisted for a while; what is new is their interconnection, aimed at decoupling terminals and applications from the access method. 3G mobile networks already provide video-capable bandwidth, global roaming for voice and data, and access to Internet-rich online content. Thanks to their increasing integration, PANs, WLANs, and 3G networks will extend the user’s connectivity in a complementary and hierarchical manner; in the fullness of time, they will provide all the functionalities of an Integrated Services Multimedia Network (ISMN), enabling a whole set of new business models and applications. The fusion of these technologies will eventually result in an ultimate ubiquitous wireless system that will be operated from anywhere, including homes, business locations, vehicles, and even commercial aircrafts. However, although wireless communications provide great flexibility and mobility, they often come at the expense of security. Indeed, wireless communications rely on open and public transmission media that expose new vulnerabilities in addition to the security threats found in wired networks. A number of specific open issues and even inherent dangers, some of which had been already identified and described in the early stages of wireless technology adoption, are yet to be solved (Howard, 2000). For instance, with wireless communications, important and vital information is often placed on a mobile device that is vulnerable to theft and loss. In addition, information is transmitted over the unprotected airwaves, and finally, 3G networks are getting smaller and more numerous, causing opportunities for hackers and other abusers to increase.

The 5G multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) microstrip antenna with isolation enhancement that is tiny and based on a BandPass metamaterial (BPM) is presented in this study. The expectation of higher data rates drove the development of fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication networks. The performance of a two-element microstrip antenna array with and without bandpass metamaterial is compared in this work. The antenna consists of two parts, with its radiators positioned to report the parallel direction. The array antenna's overall dimensions are small, measuring 40 × 72 × 1.6 mm3. The proposed isolated double patch parallel antenna produces bandwidth and mutual coupling equal to 11GHz and less than -30dB at a frequency range from 1.5 to 6GHz, respectively, while the rectangular microstrip patch antenna array produces these values at 14.80 GHz and -55.94dB. When compared to the double microstrip parallel antenna, the double microstrip parallel antenna with BPM is superior in terms of mutual coupling. This increasing demand for faster data speeds in the rapidly changing field of mobile communication technologies is met by this creative antenna.

Near-Field Communication (NFC) is a short-range wireless communication technology evolved from RFID especially for the exchange of data between active and passive devices. This paper presents the mathematical models for the signal path of a NFC transceiver system and a behavioral simulation platform using MATLAB simulink. The approximated mathematical models simplify the simulation complexity of a transceiver and provide a quick evaluation. With this calculation platform, we can evaluate the system performance caused by the noise and the non-linearity of the individual blocks, and caused by system variables such as Effective Number of Bits (ENOB) of ADC and filter cutoff frequency. This platform provides us with a rapid prototyping, a reliable system design, and an efficient risk management during development of the NFC transceiver ICs.

In this paper, real cases are cited to explain the security???crisis in current mobile telecommunication networks so as to heighten mobile communication users’ awareness of cell phone viruses and solutions to the security system of mobile communication network explained Now, the security system’s building of 3G mobile communication network is an important problem need to be solved soon. The research of this dissertation is focused on the security framework of 3G mobile communication networks, and it is very significant to construct the secure 3G information system in our country.