Logical-static planning complex technical objects operations and functioning modes

Creation of complex technical objects (CTO, such as science-intensive engineering objects, which are characterized by the number of elements and connections equal to 106 and more) – a process containing long subprocesses, complex objects, models, and based on available standards and information technology (IT). It is known from practice that CTO models are created with the help of information systems - components of CALS and PLM-solutions. This process have the following shortcomings: models at different stages of creation of CTO are not completely interconnected; CTO modeling takes place using different components of IT CALS and PLM-solutions, which creates constant difficulties in data conversion and leads to partial or complete loss of model data; there is no automated communication with other CTO models.
 A generalized model of complex technical objects is proposed, which based on using the theoretical-multiple approach allows to establish an information connection between the models of the process of creating complex technical objects. The information system of creation of the generalized model of difficult technical objects that allowed automating process of processing and construction of models is developed; to supplement the technology of parallel PLM design and components of information technologies CALS and PLM-solutions for the task of creating models of complex technical objects.

Using the Systemic-Transdisciplinary Approach to Enhance the Operational Reliability and Maintenance Programming of Complex Technical Objects

The exploitation of complex technical object includes two processes: handling as an activity preparing the technical object to be set up and using as an activity consisting in using it for its intended purpose. Analysis of the exploitation process of the heater (heating boiler), is the search for answers to two questions — how to use a device to achieve the best effect and what using procedures should be used to restore the required exploitation potential. Keywords: exploitation, complex technical object, handling

This paper presents a method to control an operation process of a complex technical object, a radr system, using trivalent diagnostic information. Also, a general diagram of the complex technical object has been presented, and its internal structure has been described. A diagnostic analysis has been conducted, as a result of which, sets of the functional elements of the object and its diagnostic signals have been determined. Also, the methodology for the diagnostic examination of the technical system has been presented. The result is a functional and diagnostic model, which constituted the basis for initial diagnostic information, which is provided by the sets of information concerning the elements of the basic modules and their output signals. The theoretical results obtained in the present study have been verified in practice on a radar system. The radar system in question is a complex and reparable technical object. It belongs to the group of technical equipment for which a short time of shutdowns is required (an ineffective use of the object). A DIAG computer program was used in the diagnosis process of the radar system. The final results obtained through computations conducted by the DIAG software have been presented in the Table 1. Defence Science Journal, 2009, 59(3), pp.305-313 , DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.59.1526

The purpose of the research is to develop a method for evaluating the effectiveness of monitoring the technical condition of a complex technical object, taking into account expert assessments. Methods. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the application of a complex technical object is carried out with the help of appropriate performance indicators that characterize the degree of fulfillment of the tasks assigned to them. When choosing performance indicators, the following basic requirements should be taken into account: the indicator should have a quantitative expression and be calculated simply enough; the indicator should be selected taking into account the specifics of the task being solved and reflect the main characteristics of the phenomenon being evaluated; theindicator should be representative and ensure comparability of the evaluation results by the degree of preference, i. e. to prevent incomparable (indifferent) decisions. Results. A method for evaluating the effectiveness of monitoring the technical condition of a complex technical object is presented, taking into account an additional expanded information description with qualitative features (expert assessments). Conclusion. The effectiveness of the control directly depends on the accuracy and completeness of the control. The accuracy of existing control systems is quite high, but the completeness of control does not always take into account qualitative (expert) assessments about the object of control. Improving the efficiency of control systems should go not only at the expense of accuracy and speed, but also at the expense of completeness of control. As a criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of the control system, an assessment of the probability of a functional state of a controlled complex technical object is proposed. The calculation of the effectiveness of the control system is proposed, taking into account the additional expanded information description by qualitative signs (expert assessments) about the object of control. It is shown that it is possible to more accurately assess the operational state of the object of control if the completeness of control is higher, with an irreducible accuracy of control.

The approach originated initially at the management in 1960’s of the XX th century at present has not the proper development and extension in problems by technical objects. The true possibilities of the approach for the theoretical automation are uncovered themselves in rethinking of the key notions like situational model and situational control for class of complex technical systems. The retrospective of the formation of the approach is discussed in the article, and also the questions of the application of the methodology in the problems of the automatic and the automation of the ergatic systems are considered. The conception of the developed by the authors permits to join naturally the methods of the logical and continuous dynamical and allows to consider as one from the directions of the development of the theory of the logic-dynamical systems. This fact is conclusively illustrated with use of the methodology in the systems of multiregime regulation. The aim of the regulation is decomposed into local aims. The definite situations and the regimes of regulation conform to these aims. And the processes of the regulation themselves are realized by means of two-level hierarchical design of the system: the lower level puts together the bank of subcontrollers working off the local aims, and at the top of the level the of the flowing situations is realized and the logic process of the switching of the regimes is represented. The approach used for one from the fundamental bases for the present theory by complex technical objects. The suggested conception of the situational-goal for the given class of the objects in contrast to the classical two-step scheme situation-actionis based on four-step scheme situation-aim-control strategy-action, which meshes perfectly with multiple goal principle by complex systems based on the decomposition of the main aim into intermediate local aims in connection with the separate situations. As a final result, the process is realized by three functions simultaneously: monitoring of the situations, the generation of local aims and formation of the strategy. Their outputs are diagnose of the flowing situation, the new local aim of in case of the situation’s change and the strategy respectively.

The paper shows the approach and the result of taking into account the mutual influence of on-board subsystems of a complex technical object along the DC power supply circuits. Technical objects are understood as a mobile, energy-intensive vehicle, such as an aircraft, a surface or submarine vessel, or a railway locomotive with strong magnetic fields. The aim of the work is to create a simple and intuitive tool for mathematical modeling of the magnetic field vector at an arbitrarily specified observation point. The task is being solved in order to improve the accuracy of magnetic measurements on board, in particular, in navigation problems. On-board DC networks are considered, to which the approach of mathematical modeling is applied. The disadvantages of commercial programs of a similar purpose are noted. The binding of the objects under consideration to the general coordinate system is described. An analytical algorithm for calculating the magnetic field vector from the on-board cable network with a pronounced 3D trajectory is shown. Examples of visualization of the simulation results are given. An algorithm for calculating the induction vector based on the Biot-Savard law is considered. The algorithm for the analytical solution of the problem is described in detail. A specific power cable of the on-board network is considered. The cable is given by a set of straight conductors with current. The ways of future improvement of the created product with the transition from one observation point to the field map in a given three-dimensional zone of arbitrary position, volume and orientation are outlined. The obtained result is considered as an element of the procedure for achieving electromagnetic compatibility of energy-intensive and highly sensitive subsystems of a modern complex technical object.

Despite the vast experience of using the neural networks for solving various machine learning problems, the numerous attempts to use them in technical diagnostics have not yet led to complete solutions so far (with rare exceptions). The reason is the specific nature of technical diagnostics that distinguishes such tasks from traditional machine learning problems. Having analyzed these specific features, the authors propose an approach to diagnosing complex technical objects that is focused on the use in built-in diagnostics systems and is based on the neural network reference diagnostic models of functionally isolated nodes and assemblies. The article describes the methodology for the synthesis of such models, their training on the data obtained by monitoring the object being tested using built-in diagnostic tools, determining the permissible response errors, and adapting to the current status of the object. The fuzzification of the diagnostic model results using the test sample proposed in the article makes it possible to standardize the approach to diagnosing complex technical objects designed for various purposes. The use of D. Trigg’s tracking control signal proposed by the authors to monitor regression residuals during the learning increases the training quality and generalization ability of models. The value of this signal determined by the model run on a test sample is an additional informative diagnostic parameter that increases the accuracy of classifying the status of the object under test. The proposed methodology applied at the complex technical object design stage allows optimizing the monitored parameters’ array and multiplying the efficiency of the diagnostic information recorded by the built-in diagnostic and monitoring tools.

This paper is focused on the generalized structure, mathematical and software of the complex system of design and training that is based on author’s models and methods. The system includes a block of training and block of recommendations. The domain model consists of the scheme level, presentation level and practical level, and is based on the ontology of objects of the problem area. Experiments on teaching student showed an increase in the average level of skill of trainees.

In this paper we consider the organization of exogenous karst monitoring and providing of geo-ecological safety in complex technical objects. We have substantiated the application of electrical methods for karst-suffusion processes monitoring, for example, Nizhny Novgorod nuclear power plant.

Windows of different shape and size, constructed from a wide variety of glass types and supporting materials, serve many more specific purposes than just the one of allowing light to enter into buildings exposed to changing or even extreme climatic conditions. After defining the window as a complex technical object, this paper stresses the necessity for better, more efficient and standardized test procedures and equipment, calls for coordination of building code provisions, and enumerates the steps to be taken to obtain these improvements.

Complex technical objects in modern society are extremely important. Such objects belong to the class of recoverable objects of long-term multiple used. They tend to be expensive and require significant maintenance costs. To ensure the required level of reliability during their operation, maintenance is usually carried out, the essence of which is the timely preventive replacement of elements that are in a pre-failure state, which is very important for military equipment. A characteristic feature of complex technical objects for special purposes (military equipment) is the presence in their composition of a large number (tens, hundreds of thousands) of different types components that have different levels of reliability, different patterns of their wear and aging processes. This feature requires a more subtle approach to the organization and planning of maintenance during operation (military equipment). The problem is that when developing such objects of military equipment, all issues related to maintainability and maintenance should be addressed already at the early stages of designing an object. If you do not provide in advance the necessary hardware and software for the built-in monitoring of the technical condition (TC) of the object, do not develop and “embed” the maintenance technology into the object, then it will not be possible to realize in the future a possible gain in the reliability of the object due to the maintenance. Since all these issues must be resolved at the stage of creating an object (when the object does not yet exist), mathematical models of the maintenance process are needed, with the help of which it would be possible to calculate the possible gain in the level of reliability the object due to maintenance, to estimate the cost costs required for this. Then, based on such calculations, make a decision on the need for maintenance for this type of objects and, if such a decision is made, develop the structure of the maintenance system, choose the most appropriate maintenance strategy, and determine its optimal parameters. In this paper, we develop a methodology for optimizing the parameters of the strategy for regulated maintenance of military equipment. The paper also confirms the general idea that the data obtained fully confirm assumption that the “adaptive maintenance” strategy is more preferable in the case of unreliable (inaccurate) information about the reliability indicators of the object’s elements.

Complex technical objects are understood as objects consisting of a large number of different types elements (tens, hundreds of thousands), each of which can represent a rather complex technical device. Elements can be electronic, mechanical, electromechanical, hydraulic, etc. The diversity of elements leads to the fact that for various elements fundamentally different physical processes (and, consequently, rates) of degradation are characteristic, leading to their failures. Objects can have an arbitrary reliability structure (as a rule, serial-parallel). The structural structure of such objects is usually hierarchical, that is, an object consists of subsystems, subsystems consist of units (cabinets), units - of devices (blocks), etc. A characteristic feature of complex technical objects for special purposes is the presence in their composition of a large number (tens, hundreds of thousands) of different types of component parts that have different levels of reliability, different patterns of their wear and tear processes. This feature requires a more subtle approach to the organization and planning of maintenance during their operation. The problem is that during the development of such facilities, all issues related to maintainability and maintenance should be addressed already at the early stages of facility design. If you do not provide in advance the necessary hardware and software for the built-in monitoring of the technical condition (TC) of the object, do not develop and “build” the maintenance technology into the object, then it will not be possible to realize in the future a possible gain in the reliability of the object due to maintenance. Since all these issues must be resolved at the stage of object creation (when the object does not yet exist), mathematical models of the maintenance process are needed, with the help of which it would be possible to calculate the possible gain in level of reliability facility due to maintenance, to estimate the cost costs required for this. Then, based on such calculations, make a decision on the need for maintenance for this type of objects and, if such a decision is made, develop the structure of maintenance system, choose the most acceptable maintenance strategy, and determine its optimal parameters. This paper provides a comparative study of various maintenance strategies. The paper also confirms that the optimal parameters of various maintenance strategies significantly depend on both the reliability and cost structure of object and the specified requirements for the level of reliability of object.

The research focuses on methods and software tools for decision support for the organization of distributed production of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) based on digital twin and multi-agent systems technologies. The purpose of the work is to provide a critical review of existing approaches to the organization of distributed production of UAVs, as complex technical objects, and to substantiate an approach to building a multi-agent decision support system for the synthesis of a rational production structure based on digital twins of participants in production cooperation. The tasks include: classifying unmanned aerial vehicles according to the main features that determine their production specifics; analysing modern scientific publications in the field of distributed production informatization, multi-agent systems, digital twins and intelligent decision support; identifying the limitations of existing solutions; and proposing an approach to the organization of distributed production of UAVs using digital twins in the form of intelligent agents. The applied methods are based on system and classification analysis, generalization of modern scientific approaches to the organization of production, decision-making theory, the concept of multi-agent systems, digital twin technologies, production logistics and artificial intelligence. The following results were obtained: UAVs were classified by mass, purpose and level of autonomy, which made it possible to determine the specifics of their production and life cycle management. An analysis of scientific publications was performed, which showed the active development of areas related to the use of multi-agent systems, digital twins and artificial intelligence to address complex tasks in UAV life cycle management. It was established, in particular, that the works of recent years consider the issues of cooperative UAV production, the use of deep learning algorithms for decision-making in dynamic environments and the integration of digital twins into relevant production systems. At the same time, a number of limitations on the implementation of existing solutions were identified: insufficient formalization of business processes between production participants, weak integration of digital twins into production logistics, and the lack of self-organization mechanisms. An approach to solving the problem of effective organization of distributed UAV production is proposed. The architecture of a multi-agent decision support system for distributed UAV production is developed, which includes modules for coordination, self-organization, and the evaluation of the effectiveness of production configuration options, considering the initial risk tolerance indicator. Conclusions. The scientific novelty of the results obtained is as follows: an approach to solving the problem of effective organization of distributed UAV production is proposed, which, unlike existing ones, is based on the representation of production participants as digital twins in the form of intelligent agents, this enables the generation of multiple options and the subsequent selection of the most rational configuration for organizing distributed UAV production in terms of business process efficiency and the reduction of production risks. The research results create a basis for further integration of multi-agent technologies into real-world manufacturing platforms and the expansion of their application to other types of complex machinery.

Aviation-based laser complex is a complex technical object. Among its systems, we analyse only an adaptive optical system and issues related to its performance, and show that the effectiveness of the complex without an adaptive system is small. The analysis was carried out in terms of systems that were developed in the United States.Using the tilt corrector, an adaptive optics provides accurate tracking of the object. A deformable mirror performs correction of higher-order radiation wavefront aberrations caused by atmospheric turbulence for incoming light and outgoing laser radiation. The advantages of onboard laser systems are the beam propagation at the speed of light and the low price of a shot. The disadvantages are that the target should be in line-of-sight and there is a negative influence of the atmosphere. Another negative influences are vibrations of the aircraft and the aero-optical problem because of output radiation. An assured thermal target kill is possible at the range of 3-10 km. A functional kill and suppression are capable at ranges of 102-103times longer than for the thermal target kill.Among the programs for the development of an onboard laser in the USA, the YAL, ATL and ABL programs are considered. The YAL program is an attempt to intercept short-and medium-range missiles with a powerful laser. The ATL system was to be installed on a heavily armed ground support aircraft. An airborne laser (ABL) is a demonstration of the U.S. Air Force of a high-energy laser system designed to destroy missiles on their boost phase. Over 30 years and several tens of billions of dollars were expended to develop the systems. Unfortunately, all onboard laser development programs have been closed.Experience of the flying laboratories is realized by Cessna Citations and Falcon 10s planes and is relevant, as it gives the chance to estimate adverse effects of aero-optics and vibrations directly in flight.Among the problems that need to be solved when creating adaptive optics for an onboard laser, the following are highlighted:- loss of compensation capabilities;- thermal effects of laser radiation on optical elements;- creation of attenuators and radiation couplers;- mitigating the negative effects of the onboard platform on radiation;- operation reliability of the actuators of correction devices;- technological working off of the uncooled optical elements which are affected by powerful laser radiation.For newly developed aviation-based laser systems, it is necessary to envision the niche in which their use will be most efficient.