Making In-Vehicle Monitoring Systems Work

This research paper examines the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in road network inventory and network-wide road safety assessment. An overview of current research related to this field is presented and various aspects of the use of AI in road infrastructure and safety assessment are analysed. In today’s world, where the road network continues to develop and grow, the use of AI can offer significant advantages in the inventory and assessment of road infrastructure and safety. AI can be used to process large volumes of data collected from various sources such as geographic data, photos, documentation and more. One of the main aspects that the article looks at is the use of AI to automatically process data and create a digital inventory of the road network. AI systems can analyse geographic data and photos to identify and classify roads, road signs, markings, and other elements of road infrastructure. This can facilitate engineers and competent authorities in the process of road inventory and maintenance. Another important aspect discussed in the paper is the use of AI for the general assessment of road safety. AI models can analyse road infrastructure inventory data, as well as traffic data, crashes, and other factors, to provide a comprehensive assessment of road network safety. This allows the competent authorities to identify vulnerable places, carry out preventive measures and plan appropriate interventions aimed at improving road safety. In conclusion, the paper highlights the possibilities and advantages of using artificial intelligence in road network inventory and network-wide road safety assessment. Such an approach can contribute to more efficient management of road infrastructure and improvement of road safety.

BackgroundOver the last decades, Portugal have made a considerable progress in lowering rates of deaths from road accidents. Between 1975 to 2016 annual road traffic deaths decrease from 2.676 to...

The Insurance Corporation of British Columbia (ICBC) has been involved in the investment of road infrastructure improvement for many years, delivering an annual program known as the Road Improvement Program. Corporation staff realized that selective road improvement projects have tremendous potential to improve road safety performance. This improved road safety performance, measured in terms of a reduction in the frequency and severity of collisions, also led to a reduction in the cost of automobile insurance claims. This reduced claim cost provided the basis for the economic justification for investments in road infrastructure improvements. To ensure that the justification for the ICBC investment in road safety improvements is verified, a formal evaluation of the Road Improvement Program is undertaken at regular intervals. However, conducting a thorough and reliable evaluation of road safety projects can be difficult and involves significant effort. Presented are details of the important factors that should be considered when conducting an evaluation of road safety improvement projects. The methodology and results used to perform the latest ICBC program evaluation are described.

During the most recent decade, Iran has invested in road safety improvement programs and has experienced a reduction in road fatalities, with rates of improvement differing across provinces. Knowing which road safety investments are performing well across provinces is essential for wisely investing in future road safety improvements. This firstly requires identification of successful provinces. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to evaluate the relative performance of Iranian provinces in improving their safety, while accounting for a variety of factors that influence road safety outcomes. To achieve this aim, traffic fatality rates recorded in each province during 2005–2015 were analyzed. The analysis framework involved first estimating a panel data model to control for random variations as well as exogenous factors—in effect providing a safety performance function for provinces. Then, the “expected provincial safety performance” was compared to actual provincial safety performance, to identify “outlying” provinces with respect to safety performance. The results reveal that the fatality rates are positively associated with exposure as captured by per capita fuel consumption, and percentage of undivided two-lane, two-way rural roads, and negatively related to urban to rural population ratio, population density, and hospital beds per 100,000 residents. Moreover, the number of speed cameras per 100 km rural roads is associated with reduced fatality rates. A comparative assessment of provinces over the 11 year period revealed significant differences among the provinces in terms of safety performance in each year as well as safety improvement rates over time.

Evaluation of a five-year Bloomberg Global Road Safety Program in Turkey

The issues of optimizing management approaches for effective implementation of road traffic safety management systems in enterprises are considered. The authors examine internal and external factors affecting road safety and explore methods to enhance management approaches to ensure a high level of safety. Special attention is paid to process and risk-oriented approaches, as well as the importance of interaction with stakeholders. It is noted that a successful safety management strategy involves integrating safety into all areas of enterprise activities and continuously monitoring the system. Research confirms that adopting such a risk-oriented approach significantly enhances the effectiveness of road safety management systems. Reduction of risks and improvement of safety are the outcomes of implementing this strategy, enabling enterprises to more efficiently control and manage potential road hazards. Future research plans include focusing on developing new methods to assess the effectiveness of safety management systems, aimed at further improving the functionality and reliability of such systems. Additionally, there are plans to conduct a detailed study on the impact of innovative technologies on the functioning of road safety systems, to implement the most effective technical solutions. There are also plans to expand the application of safety management systems across various types of enterprises to ensure an optimal level of safety for a wide spectrum of road users. This may include not only transportation companies but also construction, logistics, and other industries involved in the transportation of goods and services. Taking into account the prospects of further research, it is expected that they will contribute to further improving road safety and ensuring stability for all road users, which is a crucial step in providing safety and comfort on highways.

Walking, cycling, and feeder bus/tram for first- and last-mile (FLM) train access are often considered to have better health benefits, lower cost, and less environmental impacts than driving. However, little is known about the road safety impacts of these FLM access modes, particularly at a network level. This paper aims to investigate the impacts of train commuters’ access modes on road safety in Victoria, Australia. Macroscopic analyses of crash outcomes in each zone (i.e., Statistical Area Level 1) were performed using negative binomial (NB) and spatially lagged X negative binomial (SLXNB), accounting for potential indirect effects of mode shares in adjacent zones. This macroscopic analysis approach enabled the consideration of the safety effects across the network. The results showed that the SLXNB models outperformed the NB models. Commuting by train, either with walking or car as FLM access mode, was negatively associated with both total and severe crashes. In addition, commuting by train with feeder bus/tram access mode was negatively associated with severe crashes. Interestingly, commuting by train with cycling access mode was negatively associated with total crashes, with a larger effect when compared to walking and car access modes. Overall, the results suggested promoting active transport as FLM train access mode would lead to an improvement in road safety.

This paper investigates the impact of low cost traffic engineering measures (LCTEMs) on the improvement of road safety in urban areas. A number of such measures were considered, such as speed humps, woonerfs, raised intersections and other traffic calming measures, which have been implemented on one-way, one-lane roads in the Municipality of Neo Psychiko in the Greater Athens Area. Data were analysed using the before-and-after safety analysis methodology with large control group. The selected control group comprised of two Municipalities in the Athens Greater Area, which present similar road network and land use characteristics with the area considered. The application of the methodology showed that the total number of crashes presented a statistically significant reduction, which can be possibly attributed to the introduction of LCTEMs. This reduction concerns passenger cars and single-vehicle crashes and is possibly due to the behavioural improvement of drivers of 25 years old or more. The results of this research are very useful for the identification of the appropriate low cost traffic engineering countermeasures for road safety problems in urban areas.

Looking for traces of the Troika’s intervention in European road safety

The article presents the results of the development of an integral indicator of road safety - the road safety coefficient. The value of the road safety coefficient shows how many times, at the same levels of motorization, the risk of death of a resident in road traffic (social risk) decreased/increased in comparison with the average social risk that existed in the world in the 40s of the last century, when there were no special programs on improving road safety. The use of the road safety coefficient allows you to compare the level of road safety in countries and regions with different populations and different levels of motorization. It is shown that social risk is a complex indicator, the value of which depends on the indicators of road safety at a lower level - the probability of participation of a resident in road traffic, which is equal to the value of motorization, the probability of death of a road user (transport risk), the probability of a road accident (active road safety), the intensity of road accidents (reliability of driving) and the average annual mileage of the car, the probability of death in a road accident (passive and post-accident safety). An equation is obtained that relates the value of social risk to the values of lower-level road safety indicators. The analysis of the level of road safety in Kyrgyzstan is carried out. It is shown how the condition of the traffic flow affects its average speed and the probability of road accidents. The influence of traffic flow density on its average speed and intensity of road accidents is considered. To assess the impact of the condition of a traffic flow on its average speed and road safety, the concept of the conventional density of a traffic flow is used. It is revealed that in the road conditions of Kyrgyzstan there is a critical conventional density, when exceeding it the transport risk, the probability of a road accident and the probability of death in a road accident begin to decrease rapidly with a further increase in the conventional density. The low efficiency of detection of exceeding a permitted speed when measuring the maximum speed of cars at certain points is shown. It is proposed to use the measurement of average speed on certain road sections as a means of reducing the number of drivers exceeding the speed limit.

Vehicles are getting more equipped with sensors and driver assistant systems. However, neither these technological advances nor traditional traffic enforcement systems are sufficient in protecting commuters from misbehaving drivers such as aggressive, distracted, and drunken drivers. That is why we have not observed any substantial improvement in road safety and driving experience in recent years despite those technological advances. Being motivated by the success of reputation systems (i.e., How’s My Driving (HMD), eBay, and Wikipedia), we present the concept of Collaborative On-Road Reputation (CORR) system and discuss the potential benefits and challenges ahead when we expand CORR to all vehicles. We focus on how to identify the anomalous driving behavior and propose a cooperative anomaly detection method where nearby connected vehicles collaborate to surface the anomalous driving behavior. Through extensive simulations, we demonstrate that CORR can identify the anomalous driving behavior by about 75% accuracy under a certain level of connected vehicle penetration rates.

The relevance of the topic is driven by the increasing number of road traffic accidents and the need to improve road safety. National road safety initiatives are an important component of state policy aimed at reducing accidents and saving lives. The effective implementation of these measures can significantly improve road conditions and contribute to the sustainable development of transport infrastructure. The article is dedicated to the analysis of national initiatives in the field of road safety in Ukraine and their implementation in the context of European standards. The main objective of the research is to identify key areas and mechanisms for improving road safety by adapting European experience. Special attention is given to the analysis of legal acts regulating road safety, such as the Law of Ukraine «On Road Traffic» and resolutions of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, as well as recommendations for their improvement. The national initiatives being implemented in Ukraine are examined in the context of international cooperation and the adoption of European standards. The article also explores the impact of new technologies and information systems on enhancing safety, such as the use of GPS and automated systems for collecting data on road conditions. Particular attention is paid to the role of national monitoring bodies responsible for overseeing road accidents and developing strategies to improve road safety. The experience of European Union countries, specifically France, Germany, and Italy, regarding the creation and functioning of such bodies is analyzed, and recommendations for adapting these models in Ukraine are provided. The article concludes by emphasizing the importance of a comprehensive approach to improving road safety, which includes the joint efforts of the state, the public, and international partners, as well as the integration of advanced technologies. The research findings can be useful for shaping new national road safety strategies and enhancing the effectiveness of existing measures.

Designing a composite indicator for road safety

The fast pace of development of automated vehicles is being driven by a number of converging forces including self-driving technologies, mobile computing, and ondemand vehicle and ride sharing. The coming together of these powerful trends is shaping an urban mobility future inspired by a vision of zero road injuries and low carbon living. The introduction of self-driving vehicles will have major socioeconomic impacts on our society - some good and some bad. Although self-driving vehicles are expected to pave the way to drastic improvements in road safety and urban mobility, they can potentially have adverse impacts on the liveability of our cities if they are not planned as part of a holistic approach to promote low carbon mobility. This chapter provides an environmental scan and an objective review and analysis of the technological, social and economic impacts and trends surrounding (ultimately) autonomous vehicles, and how they are likely to influence the transport and mobility industries and marketplace now and into the future. The chapter also outlines the technological, societal and regulatory challenges that must be overcome before widespread adoption and deployment. The chapter gathers and collates information from a wide body of literature to help city planners, infrastructure engineers and other stakeholders in responding to the likely needs and impacts of this disruptive technology and to inform their policy positions in shaping the future of urban mobility.

The concept of IoV, known as the Internet of Vehicles, can revolutionize urban mobility within a future time frame toward creating smart cities through seamless communication between various elements such as vehicles themselves, infrastructure, and external networks. The IoV applies communication like Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V), Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I), or Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X), which helps optimize traffic movement, congestion reduction, and improvement in road safety. Major enabling technologies concerned with IoV are 5G, AI, IoT, and Blockchain that play facilitating roles in enabling the real-time exchange of data and secure decision-making. IoV support has been very positive towards sustainability by ensuring reduced fuel consumption and emissions and the presence of electric or autonomous vehicles in a future date. Challenges such as privacy issues regarding data, indicatives of infrastructure limitations, and standardization problems still exist in the same.