Market Reforms in Russia - Problems and Prospects

Market reforms in Russia have been threatened in recent years by a continuing, dramatic decline in tax revenues. This article analyzes the fiscal data in search of an explanation. While part of the drop in collections can be attributed to rate changes and transitional macroeconomic dislocation, a sizable residual reflects a progressively worsening tax administration. This, in turn, is traced to perverse incentives in the system by which tax revenues are shared between central, regional, and local governments in Russia’s evolving federal system. As in other contexts, divided property rights reduce owners’ motivation to invest in a jointly‐owned asset.

A Plan for Russia

Financial Regulation in the Initial Phase of Market Reforms in Russia and Its Impact on Subsequent Economic Development

On the eve of the market reforms in Russia at the beginning of the 1990s the prominent Russian television journalist organized a talk-show with the suggestive title “Do we need capitalism?” The broadcast was seen as a triumph for liberals over supposedly backward opponents of the new system. A highly regarded economist of the time explained the essence of the new “sole truthful doctrine” to viewers in popular fashion: “Imagine a small pie, cut into equal pieces. That’s socialism. Now imagine a big pie, cut into unequal pieces. Even the small pieces of the second pie are much bigger than in the first. That’s capitalism.” Another guest on the program then pointed to the simple, straightforward road to the promised consumer paradise: the state should get out of the economy. This, it was said, meant of course that the state should make way for ordinary citizens.

Policy effectiveness of market-oriented energy reform: Experience from China energy-consumption permit trading scheme

Political Science QuarterlyVolume 119, Issue 2 p. 291-313 Threats to Latin America's Market Model? KURT WEYLAND, KURT WEYLAND KURT WEYLAND is an associate professor of government at the University of Texas at Austin. He is the author of The Politics of Market Reform in Fragile Democracies: Argentina, Brazil, Peru, and Venezuela and of numerous articles on democratization, market reform, social policy, and populist politics in Latin America.Search for more papers by this author KURT WEYLAND, KURT WEYLAND KURT WEYLAND is an associate professor of government at the University of Texas at Austin. He is the author of The Politics of Market Reform in Fragile Democracies: Argentina, Brazil, Peru, and Venezuela and of numerous articles on democratization, market reform, social policy, and populist politics in Latin America.Search for more papers by this author First published: 15 February 2013 https://doi.org/10.2307/20202347Citations: 3 AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume119, Issue2Summer 2004Pages 291-313 RelatedInformation

The roundtable discussion held on April 12, 2017 at the XVIII April international academic conference on economic and social development (April 11-14,2017, Moscow, National Research University Higher School of Economics) in cooperation with ARETT. In their presentations the participants of the roundtable considered the most serious issues related to working out and implementation of economic programs and reforms in Russia. The participants tried to understand the reasons of poor realization of program documents, reveal their advantages and drawbacks, and formulate the positive agenda.

The research is devoted to the constitutional legal regulation of local self-government in Russia. A study of democratic principles and established social relations allows authors to understand the state of local democracy in Russia and to assess the current situation from various points of view. An analysis of the local self-government reforms in Russia and budget policy will allow a better understanding of the further public and social development in Russia.
 The article analyzes the directions of legislative developments concerning local self-government in the Russian Federation, which sometimes have a multidirectional nature. Also, there are several issues raised in this article: doctrinal approaches and law-enforcement practice the constitutional foundations of local self-government, the competence of local authorities, the direct citizens’ participation in the conduct of local self-government and the local self-government financing. The authors conclude that current legal regulation of the local self-government can be referred to the mixed model. In the course of the study, the several deviations from the constitutionally established model of local self-government have been revealed.

The presented study is devoted to the study of the practice of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation in relation to issues of local self-government in the context of the municipal reform of 2014-2015. and its legal consequences. The aim of this work is to carry out a comprehensive assessment of the practice of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation on the identified problems of the work of local authorities in the period following the start of municipal reform. The research methodology is built by combining descriptive analysis elements and a case study. It is concluded that the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation has consistently maintained its position on the constitutional nature of the reform of local authorities. The provisions of the relevant regulatory legal acts are limited only partially and only in relation to first-level municipalities - municipal authorities of settlements. Given the deprivation of the latter a significant part of the powers and the observed transition to a singlelevel system of local self-government, the adoption of these restrictions does not significantly affect the implementation of the reform. Of fundamental importance is the position of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation regarding the new powers of regional authorities in relation to municipalities. The increase in the arsenal of legal instruments of the influence of the leadership of the constituent entities of the federation on the heads of local self-government was not interpreted as a violation of the constitutional principle of the independence of municipalities. The latter opens up the possibility for further legalization of the process of embedding municipal bodies in the structure of the informal “power vertical”.

Successful implementation of educational reforms has always been a big challenge. Management efficiency has often played a crucial role in determining the success. In a highly centralized education system like in Malaysia, there is an assumption that any reform effort can be successfully carried out with the existence of a well-developed and formalized organizational structure. But, for the effective implementation of any reform initiatives, the structure alone is not sufficient. It may also need the application of cultural elements at work. While the organizational structure ensures the integration of reform effort via coordination and control of activities, organizational culture directs employee behavior through a common vision, shared values, norms, and goals that may encourage whole-hearted participation in reform implementation. But the efficiency in the implementation of reform policies may be hampered by the structural and cultural discordance of the system.

This chapter considers pension protection and social services in the post-Soviet space as forms of social policy that can protect older people from risks of social exclusion. We draw on the example of two countries, Russia and Ukraine, which share a common Soviet background. Until relatively recently, both countries held a similar position with regard to the pension protection and social security of old people. However, recent reforms in the area of pensions and social services have generated various possible ways for the development of both countries. In Ukraine, pension reform took place in 2017, and can be described as “softer” in comparison with the Russian version. Ukrainian reform does not involve raising the retirement age, but rather increases the length of service required to retire. Pension reform in Russia has been taking place before our eyes, in 2018–2019. It assumes a sharp rise in the retirement ages for men and women. In addition to addressing pension reform, the chapter considers in more detail social services for older people in Russia and Ukraine. In broad terms, the chapter seeks to answer the following question: How do modern pension reforms and the structure of social services in the post-Soviet space (for example, Russia and Ukraine) affect the social exclusion of older people?

Railways Reform and Electricity Reform in Russia, and the Role of the Ministry for Antimonopoly Policy

Previous articleNext article No AccessThe Politics of Market Reform in Fragile Democracies – By Kurt Weyland The Politics of Market Reform in Fragile Democracies. By Kurt Weyland. (Princeton University Press, 2004.)Carol WiseCarol WiseUniversity of Southern California Search for more articles by this author University of Southern CaliforniaPDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Journal of Politics Volume 69, Number 3August 2007 Sponsored by the Southern Political Science Association Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2508.2007.00584.x Views: 23Total views on this site Copyright © 2007, Southern Political Science AssociationPDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

This chapter examines how party system structures shaped capital market reforms in tandem with internal party organisations in Singapore from the late 1980s to the late 2000s. The central claim is that the highly concentrated party system and the centrally and coherently organised PAP combined to both generate strong incentives for political elites to pursue public-regarding reform policies and enable them to initiate and implement these policies decisively and resolutely. The first section briefly describes the development of policies and regulations concerning the capital market in Singapore prior to the late 1980s to provide a foundation for examining market changes and reforms over the ensuing two decades. The second section explores the process through which major market reforms were enacted from the late 1980s to the mid-1990s, and the third section focuses on further and more significant reforms following the Asian financial crisis of 1997–1998. The fourth and final section concludes.KeywordsCorporate GovernanceMarket ReformVeto PlayerAsian CrisisSecurity SectorThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

The paper is devoted to the examination of the Russian system of public power in the context of the constitutional reform. The aim of the study is to carry out a comprehensive theoretical and legal analysis of the current state of consolidation of the public power system in Russia under constitutional law. The author has examined the regulatory legal acts that mediate the implementation of the constitutional reform in Russia; doctrinal sources and significant foreign experience relevant to the subject matter of the study. Methodologically, the study is based on general philosophical, general scientific, private scientific, special scientific methods. The paper defines the fundamental properties of the system of public power enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation with due regard to such parameters as the peculiarities of the construction of federal relations as the fundamental functions and powers of public authorities allocated vertically, the state of the system of separation of powers in the context of checks and balances, the level of legal protection and autonomy of local authorities. The author has determined that the constitutional reform regarding the consolidation of the system of public power has encouraged development and strengthening of the principle of subsidiarity when differentiating jurisdictions and powers in relations between the state authorities of the Russian Federation and its constituent entities; clarification of the spatial limit of the governmental rule of the Federation by means of constitutional legitimation of Federal Territories; creation of the basis for overcoming the “conflict of competences (jurisdictions)” between state and municipal levels of power in order to ensure the constitutional law balance between the branches of state power at the federal level to prevent the development of non-systemic conflicts in the system of checks and balances and the emergence of constitutional crises of power. A suggested system of public power retains the necessary discretionary mechanisms to adjust the mechanism of its individual elements in order to achieve a balance between public functions, powers and tasks to be solved.