Measuring Scene Complexity to Adapt Feature Selection of Model-Based Object Tracking

Assigning ontological categories to OO programming abstractions is a task of ontological interpretation. In this paper, we describe an approach for ontological interpretation in which the task of interpretation is seen as a classification problem. The task of interpretation is performed in two stages, namely syntactic feature identification and ontological categorization. An analysis technique called Ontological Cards (Ontocard) is developed to identify ontologically relevant syntactic features from programs. The ontological card includes a set of syntactic and relational features describing the nature of program elements. A rule-based classifier system is implemented to classify programming abstractions into ontological categories. The approach is assessed with the help of two different Java-based applications. The descriptions make use of examples outlining issues and challenges involved in the approach.

Big data analysis of human behavior can provide the basis and support for the application of various scenarios. Using sensors for human behavior analysis is an effective means of identification method, which is very valuable for research. To address the problems of low recognition accuracy, low recognition efficiency of traditional human behavior recognition (HBR) algorithms in complex scenes, in this paper, we propose an HBR algorithm for Mobile Big data analytics in wireless sensor network using improved transfer learning. First, different wireless sensors are fused to obtain human behavior mobile big data, and then by analyzing the importance of human behavior features (HBF), the dynamic change parameters of HBF extraction threshold are calculated. Second, combined with the dynamic change parameters of threshold, the HBF of complex scenes are extracted. Finally, the best classification function of human behavior in complex scenes is obtained by using the classification function of HBF in complex scenes. Human behavior in complex scenes is classified according to the HBF in the feature set. The HBR algorithm is designed by using the improved transfer learning network to realize the recognition of human behavior in complex scenes. The results show that the proposed algorithm can accurately recognize up to 22 HBF points, and can control the HBR time within 2 s. The human behavior false recognition rate of miscellaneous scenes is less than 10%. The recognition speed is above 10/s, and the recall rate can reach more than 98%, which improves the HBR ability of complex scenes.

Remote sensing change detection (RSCD) plays a crucial role in environmental monitoring, resource management, and land planning. However, remote sensing images typically involve multiple surface types, and the similarities and differences between these types make change detection in complex scenes even more challenging. Therefore, extracting and integrating effective features in complex scenes becomes a key issue in RSCD. In recent years, SAM2 and Mamba have made a significant impact in the field of computer vision, but further research is needed in the remote sensing domain to fully leverage their advantages. Thus, this paper proposes a two-stage change detection network named SAM-Mamba. Specifically, we use SAM2 as the encoder to extract key features from remote sensing images and perform preliminary decoding to generate mixed prompts, which are then passed to the guiding encoder (PE) to generate accurate and stable feature boundaries. These boundaries are then fused with the key features and passed to the decoder. In the decoding stage, we integrate the Mamba model, which is designed to efficiently model long sequences and capture spatiotemporal correlations. Furthermore, to enhance the ability to capture complex changes, we design the Frequency-guided Feature Refinement (FGFR) module and Dynamic Feature Fusion (DFM) module. Our SAM-Mamba outperforms other state-of-the-art methods on four datasets (e.g., Intersection over Union (IoU) and F1-score are improved by 3.40%/2.96%, 1.02%/1.07% and 2.52%/2.42% on LEVIR-CD+, WHU-CD and SYSU-CD datasets, respectively). The code of SAM-Mamba are publicly released at https://github.com/lytwxyyyds/Sam-Mamba.

Assessment of ambient background concentrations of elements in soil using combined survey and open-source data.

As an important branch of artificial intelligence, computer vision plays a huge role in the rapid development of artificial intelligence. From a biological point of view, in the acquisition and processing of information, vision is much more important than hearing, touch, etc., because 70% of the human cerebral cortex is processing visual information. Therefore, advances in computer vision technology are critical to the development of artificial intelligence that is designed to allow machines to think and handle things like humans. The acquisition and processing of visual information has always been the focus of computer vision research, and it is also difficult. The main problem of traditional computer vision technology in the processing of visual information is that the extracted image features are less discriminative, the generalization ability of image features in complex background scenes is insufficient, and the recognition ability on object recognition is poor. In response to these problems, based on the visual neural mechanism, this paper establishes an appropriate computer model for the neuronal cells in the human primary visual cortex, models the recognition response mechanism of the visual ventral system, and performs image feature extraction on the training samples. And object recognition. The results show that compared with the traditional methods, the proposed method effectively improves the discrimination of image features, and the image features extracted under complex background scenes have good generalization ability. On this basis, the training samples can be effectively recognized. The results show that the model based on the visual neural mechanism, the recognition of the edge, orientation and contour of the training sample show the advantages of the biological vision mechanism in object recognition.

Power lines classification is important for electric power management and geographical objects extraction using LiDAR (light detection and ranging) point cloud data. Many supervised classification approaches have been introduced for the extraction of features such as ground, trees, and buildings, and several studies have been conducted to evaluate the framework and performance of such supervised classification methods in power lines applications. However, these studies did not systematically investigate all of the relevant factors affecting the classification results, including the segmentation scale, feature selection, classifier variety, and scene complexity. In this study, we examined these factors systematically using airborne laser scanning and mobile laser scanning point cloud data. Our results indicated that random forest and neural network were highly suitable for power lines classification in forest, suburban, and urban areas in terms of the precision, recall, and quality rates of the classification results. In contrast to some previous studies, random forest yielded the best results, while Naïve Bayes was the worst classifier in most cases. Random forest was the more robust classifier with or without feature selection for various LiDAR point cloud data. Furthermore, the classification accuracies were directly related to the selection of the local neighborhood, classifier, and feature set. Finally, it was suggested that random forest should be considered in most cases for power line classification.

The visual system is constantly bombarded with information originating from the outside world, but it is unable to process all the received information at any given time. In fact, the most salient parts of the visual scene are chosen to be processed involuntarily and immediately after the first glance along with endogenous signals in the brain. Vision scientists have shown that the early visual system, from retina to lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and then primary visual cortex, selectively processes the low-level features of the visual scene. Everything we perceive from the visual scene is based on these feature properties and their subsequent combination in higher visual areas. Different experiments have been designed to investigate the impact of these features on saliency and understand the relative visual mechanisms. In this paper, we review the psychophysical experiments which have been published in the last decades to indicate how the low-level salient features are processed in the early visual cortex and extract the most important and basic information of the visual scene. Important and open questions are discussed in this review as well and one might pursue these questions to investigate the impact of higher level features on saliency in complex scenes or natural images.

At present, deep learning technology has achieved remarkable results in remote sensing target detection, but there are still great challenges to improve the detection accuracy for the complex and changeable background environment in remote sensing images. To solve the above problems, an improved YOLOv3 remote sensing image target detection algorithm is proposed. Firstly, K-means clustering algorithm is used to cluster the data set and cluster the anchors of complex remote sensing targets; Secondly, the loss function is optimized to solve the problem of uneven distribution of difficult and easy samples and improve the ability of the network to extract target features in complex scenes. Finally, the RFB module is introduced to expand the receptive field of the network and strive to improve the missed detection of small targets and dense targets.

This paper proposes an adaptive image dehazing algorithm, which fully considers the image features in different complex scenes and establishes an adaptive mechanism of the algorithm. The mechanism includes adaptive adjustments to whether the image is foggy, whether it is a sky area, or filter size, etc., which solves the bad effect that the traditional algorithm may cause when dehazing the depth mutation region. This article also implements FPGA acceleration for the adaptive image dehazing algorithm. Experimental results show that the algorithm can meet the real-time requirements of 1080P@60Hz video dehazing on XC7K325T FPGA video processing platform. For most light fog or heavy fog scenes, the image color of this algorithm is naturally free of oversaturation after dehazing. The average global contrast and saturation enhancement ratio are 0.309 and 0.994, which has obvious advantages compared with other dehazing algorithms in the field.

Text segmentation in digital images is requisite for many image analysis and interpretation tasks. In this article, we have proposed an effective binarization method towards text segmentation in digital images. This method produces a number of connected components consisting of text as well as non-text. Next, it is required to identify the possible text components from the obtained connected components. Further, to distinguish between text and non-text components, a set of features are identified. Then, during training, we consider the two feature files namely text and non-text prepared by us. Here, K-Nearest Neighbour (K-NN) classifier is considered for the present two class classification problem. The experiments are based on ICDAR 2011 Born Digital Dataset. We have accomplished in binarization and as well as segmenting between text and non-text.

A neural learning-based crowd estimation system for surveillance in complex scenes at the platform of underground stations is presented. Estimation is carried out by extracting a set of significant features from the sequences of images. Feature indices are modeled by the neural networks to estimate the crowd density. The learning phase is based on our proposed hybrid algorithms which are capable of providing the global search characteristic and fast convergence speed. Promising experimental results were obtained in terms of estimation accuracy and real-time response capability to alert the operators automatically.

In this paper, the problem of extracting and grouping image features from complex scenes is solved by a hierarchical approach based on two main processes: voting and clustering. Voting is performed for assigning a score to both global and local features. The score represents the evidential support provided by input data for the presence of a feature. Clustering aims at individuating a minimal set of significant local features by grouping together simpler correlated observations. It is based on a spatial relation between simple observations on a fixed level, i.e., the definition of a distance in an appropriate space. As the multilevel structure of the system implies that input data for an intermediate level are outputs of the lower level, voting can be seen as a functional representation of the "part-of" relation between features at different abstraction levels. The proposed approach has been tested on both synthetic and real images and compared with other existing feature grouping methods.

Target detection and tracking important in many applications including intelligent monitoring system, defense system and terminal guidance system. Aiming to solve the problem of simulated target tracking, this paper proposes an adaptive algorithm which uses the fusion of the spectral and morphological features of multispectral image to realize the target tracking based on the Particle Filter. Firstly, the target area is manually initialized in the multispectral image and the spectral and texture features of the target are extracted. Secondly, we build the adaptive tracking model of multiple features under the framework of Particle Filter. We validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach on the MATLAB platform. The results show that the proposed approach achieves accurate and stable multispectral target tracking in complex scenes by improving the efficiency of particles usage under defective tracking conditions, which is of great theoretical and practical values for the application of multispectral target tracking technology.

Visual servoing systems are designed to solve pose alignment problems by providing the necessary linear and angular velocities using data extracted from images. Among the difficulties encountered by the traditional visual servoing approaches, there are feature detection and tracking, camera calibration, scene complexity, and robotic system constraints. Part of these problems can be solved if Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are added to a visual servoing architecture. The main advantage of CNNs is the capability of understanding both the overall structure and specific details of the images corresponding to the current and desired layouts. To take a step further the state-of-the-art architectures, in this paper, we show how extra input data can improve the visual servoing behaviour. The extra data result from maps of regions induced by the feature points' positions, without the necessity of employing tracking. The results obtained on relevant data sets show that the proposed input fusion-based CNN provides an improved approximation of the linear and angular visual servoing velocities.

Scene perception of mobile robot is that the robot realizes the perception and understanding of the surrounding environment through a series of sensors configured by itself, and the perception technology based on vision has always been a hot and difficult point in research. Therefore, in terms of visual environment perception algorithms, there have been numerous valuable research achievements in recent years. In particular, the object detection and segmentation algorithm based on convolutional neural network has shown good performance in simple scene, but there are still some limitations when these algorithms are directly applied to actual scenes. In this paper, we study the practical application of vision-based environmental perception of mobile robots in complex scenes, presents a unified algorithm architecture of object detection and road segmentation, and build a vision-based mobile robot's environment perception system. Firstly, the image acquisition of the surrounding environment is completed by the computer camera mounted on the robot, and then the obstacle detection and the segmentation of the drivable area are achieved by using the target detection and segmentation algorithm. In order to meet the real-time requirements, the detection and segmentation algorithms share the same feature extraction network, and are jointly trained as one framework. Finally, according to the detection and segmentation results, the robot can automatically avoid obstacles and move in the drivable area.