Measuring the eccentricity of items

Nowadays the safety of computer networks becomes more important than other characteristics. The services which are used by a huge number of users entice hacker. Especially, online payment services are often the main target of malicious software. In the article, the computer virus SpyEye spread via Internet resources is considered. The Petri-object model of propagation process is created with the use of Petri-object simulation software written in Java. The model reproduces the events of damaging website, infecting user’s resource, sending information about vulnerabilities and sending personal data. It was suggested that users are connected when they use the same website. The investigation of the spreading time for different kinds of users’ connections topology is presented. It was considered not only well-known star and chain topologies but also their combinations and the topology with random connections. Simulation results confirm the virus spreading time dependence on user’s connections topology.

This paper examines the potential of personal values-based user modeling for long tail item recommendation. Long tail items are defined as those which are not popular but are preferred by small numbers of specific users. Although recommending long tail items to relevant users is beneficial for both the providers and consumers of such items, it is known to be a challenge for most recommendation algorithms. In particular, a long tail item is one that would be purchased and/or rated by a small number of users, so it is difficult to predict its rating accurately. This paper assumes that the influence of personal values becomes more obvious when users evaluate long tail items, and examines it through offline experiment. The Rating Matching Rate (RMRate) has been proposed in order to incorporate users’ personal values into recommender systems. As the RMRate models personal values as the weight of an item’s attribute, it is easy to incorporate into existing recommendation algorithms. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of long tail item recommendation; Experimental result shows that personal values-based user modeling can recommend less popular items while maintaining precision.

Content in collaborative systems, such as Online Social Networks, is often co-owned by multiple users with different privacy expectations, leading to possible multiuser privacy conflicts. In order to address these conflicts, we argue that users should be supported by trustworthy agents that adhere to the following criteria: (i) concealment of privacy preferences, such that only necessary information is shared with others; (ii) equity of treatment, such that different kinds of users are supported equally; (iii) collaboration of users, such that a group of users can support each other in agreement and (iv) explainability of actions, such that users know why certain information about them was shared to reach a decision.

The following paper describes the implementation of three different controllers for a wheelchair. It was built for improving people's life that could have disabilities associated with functions regarding muscle strength, power of muscle of all limbs, tone of muscle of all limbs and endurance of all muscles of the body. Using three programmed methods that allow the user to have full control over the wheelchair. By acquiring voltage signals generated in eye's movements and using Neuro-Fuzzy Networks for differentiating each one, the wheelchair is able of being controlled by eye's movements. Figuring out about different kinds of user's needs and environments, the wheelchair includes voice control in spaces where noise levels are less than 40dB. The voice commands are detected using the Speech Recognition software which is a default program installed on Microsoft Windows operative system. The eye and voice controls were designed using LabVIEW and the intelligent control toolkit (ICTL). There were developed virtual simulators on C# code that enable the patient to have a previous training for having a better wheelchair control and performance. The system was tested on a person with cerebral palsy.

The nature of explanation dialogues is examined and an expert system that provides acceptable and appropriate answers and explanations to the questions posed by different kinds of users is designed. An empirical study and analysis of natural dialogues between experts, novices and partial experts is described. From this analysis a theory of explanation dialogues (extended schema-based theory, or EST) is developed. In EST questions are interpreted by combining information from different, semantically related question types that together best capture the essence and meaning of the question. This theory is applied to the design of an architecture and computational model for interpreting questions and generating explanations. The expert system, EXPLAIN, understands the nature of the question and is able to take account of the previous dialogue. The system can tailor its responses to an individual user's characteristics, including level of expertise and depth of knowledge in the domain. >

Today it is not easy to imagine what would be the future of user experience (UX) design in the world of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Referring to the sector of autonomous vehicles the paper aims to explore the changes that will be brought by artificial intelligence to the innovative sector of the self-driving car. According to these transformation car interiors and passengers experiences will become very different from the actual one. The aim of the research is, starting from different kind of passengers needs (Human Centered Design approach) individuating essential factors to design autonomous cars interiors and in particular to design innovative interfaces for a better communication with the passengers and a high level of living experience for different kind of users.

Different categories of drinking houses, it is claimed, are historically related to different kinds of users and usages. Industrialism, however, entrenched the ubiquitous pub amidst the song, sin and insobriety of the poor and the new working-class urban proletariat. The public house thus became a focus of social freedoms and sexual licence, as well as a locus of more formal elements of rational recreation. Yet the public house was subject to social controls of a ferocious kind and not simply licensing constraints, and some discussion is developed in examining the class basis of recreation and leisure controls. Attention finally turns to viewing the public house as an intermediate context in a relational sense, in an historical sense and in a time sense, and one deserving further sociological attention. Historically, different types of public drinking houses have generally developed out of distinct categories of social usage. The inn developed from the coaching tradition of providing refreshment and lodgings for travellers. Such houses tended over time to foster recreation and itinerant entertainers and to be a focus of not just wealthy travellers but plyers of wares and trades-but always perhaps within the context of a dominant use by the relatively wealthy. Such drinking houses catered for catholic drinking tastes-spirits, wines and beers. The taverns were originally concerned with selling wine, the availability of wine itself being boosted by the cultivation of vines in the medieval monasteries. Such taverns, by the late eighteenth century, were virtually indistinguishable from inns and met the needs of the casual drinker, catering for a wide range of users. The alehouse was the traditional village drinking house; it had none of the accommodation or the formal entertainment patterns of the inn. It was effectively the local community drinking and meeting place and was

Machine learning algorithms are widely employed in plenty of classification or regression problems. While in real business world, it is confronted with huge and disorder data pattern. To recognize different kinds of users on the internet accurately and fast becomes a challenge. In a Wechat online bargain activity, the staff found that some strange users are highly like robots or malicious users. Thus we tried a two-level stacking model to detect them. This design got a good result of 0.98 accuracy after the training phase and an accuracy of 0.90 in a new term of the testing set. Moreover, this model is adaptable to linear and nonlinear datasets because of its diverse stacking of first-level classifiers. Therefore, this paper indicates a potential of the stacking classification model in big data times.

From the cost analysis of the data communication service, the tariff models of the service are studied. On the basis of user classification for the service, the methods of cost share to different kinds of user and the models of the cost calculation according to the number of users and the interface are presented. The charge level of this service and the models of tariff structure are proposed. The reasonable profit ratio of the service has been discussed.

This paper introduces a new web application specification based on G-DEVS MS which supplies website metric analyses to the user, i.e. an informetric characterization with a topologic visualization and also an interactive manipulation of graphs. The tool provides different indicators of consistency of the web site with regards to customizable parameters.The scope of this study aims to improve the quality and attractiveness of public (government offices) and university web portals.There are some technical constraints, i.e. the bandwidth range and DNS (Domain Name Server) definitions; which are also taken into account. This tool has been designed for different kind of users that may range from webmasters through global editing policy deciders.G-DEVS models allow us to specify, test configuration by simulation, test integration of heterogeneous components using G-DEVS/HLA interoperability and thus make the implementation easier and safer, especially when we will save time by avoiding some implementation failures.

This paper presents ASTIS, a framework for the design and generation of adaptive spatio-temporal information systems for the historical study of natural hazard risks. ASTIS is based on a modular architecture in which every module can be personalized by the designer in order to meet the needs of different kinds of users. Personalizations are performed through a model-driven approach, each module is generated from specific models, conceived by the designer. A data management module allows personalizing the content of the application via data viewpoint mechanisms. A presentation module allows designing personalized interactive visualizations. Finally, an adaptation module is in charge of performing the appropriate personalizations at runtime, in order to adapt both the content and the presentation of the information to the user characteristics.

In recent years there has been a growing need to design way-finding systems and communication more effectively, as we realize the great importance they have in everyday people’s life, becoming necessary and operative guidelines tools for improving the quality of life. Sometimes these tools are used as simple signposting or mere decorations designed to embellish a specific space, as happens in place dedicated to children. Instead they are very important and strategic instruments able to improve the liveability and usability of specific environment by different kind of users. Among these ones, the children are very particular, because they feel, think and behave in a very different way beside the adults.

With the expansion of the cloud computing usage over a wide range of areas and different kinds of users, the cloud providers are taking full advantage of all their resources as much as they can. Memory is the most expensive resource in terms of oversubscribing and this has resulted in high price to the end user. Furthermore, performing swapping in Virtual Machines (VM) is expensive, so the cloud provider usually do not offer any swapping space for its systems. As a consequence, when a VM runs out of memory, user processes are killed. This scenario in the cloud environment is especially critical, since the user loses all of his/her execution time and, by extension, the money invested in this computation. This paper addresses this critical problem by providing a kernel extension that monitors the memory requirements of a VM and prevents the out of memory state by creating swapping space dynamically. The paper describes the design and implementation of a preliminary prototype of this kernel extensions and evaluates its performance.

During the last decades a strong attention to the issues of human diversity, social inclusion and equality has developed in different fields and in the nautical one. This has allowed more and more users to approach the world of pleasure boating, including people with disability. Accordingly, several small motor boats are designed or adapted for different kinds of users. This state-of-art represents a breeding ground to employ Design for Inclusion approaches in this field. The research’s aim here described is to define DfA-based guidelines for small motor boats, in particular. To obtain this result, the study has been conducted throughout different phases. During the early stages, different case studies have been selected, filed and analysed to comprehend what their strength and lacks about accessibility and ergonomic matter are. During the last stages, starting from this critical perspective, we have drawn up design guidelines based on the principles of “DfA Italia” for small motor boats.

The safeguard actions, to guarantee the conservation and to improve enjoyment of Cultural Heritage, contribute to preserve memory and to promote development of culture. The restriction nature of these actions is not enough to guarantee safeguard of Cultural Heritage, it is necessary that the knowledge is not exclusively aimed to supervision, but it has to communicate the meaning of Cultural Heritage, thus the reason of protection. Our research on a multi-purpose survey of cultural Heritage located in UNESCO Historical Centre of Naples has the following goals: to test communication actions that are able to make aware public of less known Cultural Heritage and to solve the problems connected to disrepair and to management; to design “sustainable enjoyment” systems for Cultural Heritage based on the use of interactive systems available online, in remote or on-site, for different kind of users. Keywords: survey, gothic architecture, ICT for Cultural Heritage