Meeting in the Middle: Expanding the Use of CIE Academic Research through Access, Relevance and Practitioner Support

Ann Arbor, Mich. From the Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Michigan Health System. Received for publication September 25, 2013; accepted September 26, 2013. Disclosure: The authors have no financial interest to declare in relation to the content of the Discussion or of the associated article. Kevin C. Chung, M.D., M.S., Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, 2130 Taubman Center, SPC 5340, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Mich. 48109-5340, [email protected]

Background: Research is fundamental in improving health through informing health practices and policies. Despite significant capacity building in some areas to support health research efforts, research capacity in low-middle countries, such as Papua New Guinea, is weak. Bachelor of Midwifery students at the University of Goroka, between 2012 and 2016, were introduced to research and produced a proposal for a small study to be implemented when they returned to their place of work as qualified midwives. Despite students being very enthusiastic about carrying out the research during the development of their research proposal, there was limited evidence of them being able to successfully complete their research. This study aimed to understanding the barriers perceived by the graduate midwives to performing research in their own setting so as to inform development of strategies to support the students and graduates in their research efforts in the future. Methods: An exploratory, descriptive study was conducted using a qualitative approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine Bachelor of Midwifery graduates from the University of Goroka practising in the Eastern Highlands Province of Papua New Guinea. Data was thematically analysed using Braun and Clark’s six stage approach and themes and sub-themes identified. Findings: Participants viewed research as a skill set and a tool that could be used for problem solving, improving practice and creating evidence. Although some participants were confident with some research skills and had started a research study, they felt they did not have enough skills to complete the study. Others stated that although they were interested to undertake research, they did not understand the research process, and were lacking in knowledge and skills. Barriers to performing research identified by participants included lack of time, lack of support in the workplace, lack of resources and no culture of research in the workplace. Enablers identified included having an experienced researcher as a mentor, having access to ongoing training in research and other skills, e.g. computer and internet use, having resources such as books and internet access, having time during work to undertake research, and having support in workplace. Conclusion: Despite some introductory integration of research knowledge and skills into undergraduate midwifery curriculum and a perception by graduate midwives that research is important it does not translate into graduate midwives professional practice. Bachelor of Midwifery curricula must increase the amount of time spent on research content which must be taught in practical ways and by experienced educators so students are inspired and skilled to undertake research.

Objective Current study used quantitative research methods to reveal the regional medical information research in hotspots, and summarize the mainstream knowledge base to provide the reference for researchers in the field. Methods A systematic search was conducted to find publications in CNKI, Wanfang Database and PubMed. Bibliometrics method, social network analysis, co-word analysis, principal component analysis and multidimensional scaling analysis were used in this study. Results ① total 11, 482 articles published from 1984 to 2013 were screened out. The development of research publications showed an increasing trend, and the papers were distributed in 1233 types of journals. The number of authors who located in Beijing, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Shandong ranked top five. ② The top 59 high-frequency key words were identified that representing the hot contents in regional health information technology research field, and was used to build knowledge network map. Among them, HIS, electronic medical records, hospital information technology, information technology were at the core of this research area. ③ We summarized research and development in the field of nine major mainstream knowledge base include: research on electronic medical records, medical personnel, information systems, information security, information networks, information sharing, information integration, information technology, and information management, resident’s health record related studies; qualitative analysis and problem-oriented research; HIS and telemedicine-related research; community-related research, two-way referral related research, health care reform and cloud computing-related research, telemedicine related research and V43 related research. Conclusions The development of regional medical information research has good momentum and closely follow the international trend, but the research contents and methods are still distance from international standard.. Research mostly focused on hospital information system construction, regional research and applied research are weak and need to be further improved. Key words: Regional medical information; Bibliometrics, co-word analysis; Social network analysis; Knowledge Network; Quantitative research

فاصلۀ بین محل کار و فراغت در زندگی شهری، یکی از مسائل مهم در برنامه‏ریزی شهری است و کاهش آن از طریق جلوگیری از گسترش افقی شهری و تحقق فرم کالبدی فشرده در قالب کاربری ترکیبی امکان‏پذیر است، که نتیجة آن کاهش طول سفرها ومصرف انرژی، سرانجام کاهش آلودگی هوا و محیط زیست است. بنابراین دسترسی مطلوب یک عامل ضروری برای تحقق توسعة پایدار محیط زیست شهری است. هدف این مطالعه سنجش شاخص دسترسی و شناسایی نقاط قابل دسترس نسبت به محیط مجاور در نواحی شهر مشهد است. روش کار برای دستیابی به این هدف، شاخص دسترسی با مدل گرانشی فرصتی هنسن (تعداد جمعیت (سرشماری 1385 و مسافت بین نواحی) است که در 40 ناحیة شهرداری مشهد با ابزارهای نرم افزاری Matlab 7، ArcGIS10 محاسبه شده است. میانگین ضریب شاخص دسترسی برابر عدد 5/727 می‏باشد که حدأکثر برابر عدد 1038 و با محدودة مرکزی شهر مشهد (پیرامون محدودة حرم مطهرحضرت رضا(ع)) منطبق می‏باشد. حدأقل ضریب دسترسی برابر عدد 320 محاسبه شده است که با محدوده های پیرامونی(حاشیه‏ای) کلان شهر مشهد منطبق است. این اعداد نشان می دهد که مشهد به لحاظ شاخص دسترسی به سه منطقه: 1- منطقه با دسترسی بالا (محدودة مرکزی شهر) 2- منطقه با دسترسی متوسط(محدودة میانی شهر) 3- منطقه با دسترسی پایین (محدودة حاشیه‏ای و بیرونی شهر) تقسیم شده است. همچنین نتیجة سنجش رابطه بین شاخص دسترسی و جمعیت در سطح نواحی شهرداری مشهد با نرم افزار SPSSنشان می‏دهد که این رابطه منفی و برابر r = - 0/32 و در سطح اطمینان 0/5 معنی‏دار می‏باشد؛ یعنی با افزایش ضریب دسترسی، جمعیت نواحی شهری کاهش می‌یابد. همچنین بیانگر این واقعیت است که مناطق پرجمعیت شهر که بیشتر شامل مناطق کم درآمد نیز می‏باشد، دارای ضریب دسترسی پایینی است. افزون بر این ضریب دسترسی با فاصله از مرکز شهر مشهد به سمت نواحی پیرامونی کاهش می‏یابد.

Tutors are generally considered to be an additional resource in teaching and learning, as a means of augmenting that of the lecturer. This article explores tutors as academic staff with responsibilities for developing practice competencies and integrating student learning in a social care professional training degree programme. The research is small-scale, based upon data from a purposive sample of five interviews; and upon insider-participant observation notes and reflections in one single setting. The author deployed a situated ethnographic methodology alongside a frame analytic approach. The research found that in their academic practice, tutors reveal how their student contact is oriented to developing a reflective practitioner and they discuss how programme inputs impact on the student‟s professional self. Simultaneously, tutors seek to create cross programme integration through finding overlaps with academic programme strands.

Patient-Centered Outcomes Research: Early Evidence From A Burgeoning Field.

Converting a Research Article (RA) into a poster is a complex, recursive reading-writing activity that can impose an overwhelming cognitive load on designers. This study contributes to a growing body of research which emphasizes the importance of designing clear academic posters. It proposes practical guidelines for academic poster design and contents. A total of 20 published RAs with their subsequent posters from the engineering field were analyzed to see what elements of the RAs were modified, changed or totally removed. Several software packages were used for this investigation. A correlation was found between the length of the RA and the amount of RA contents retained in the poster. Analyses also show that function words, the literature review section and the list of references were the main victims of heavy reductionism. However, comparisons of RAs and their related posters revealed that visuals were the least sacrificed textual items in the reduction process. It is proposed that poster contents may reflect the original RA structure with more emphasis allotted to new information in the research. Such a practice will help reduce the limitations that the poster space may impose on the contents, allow the poster presenter more freedom to use a bigger font size, and most importantly; interact and engage actively with the interested audience. The research concludes with limitations and recommendations for further research.

Medicine and ethics have increasingly more links caused by considerable progresses in biotechnology in different fields of medical diagnosis, treatment and prevention. The issue of research ethics is one of the most important subjects which have been emphasized by international and regional organizations, policy-makers, medical and religious professions, scientists and researchers in different countries in recent decade. Research ethics, as one of the main issues of modern bioethics, has attracted the interest of scientists and ethicists in various areas of science and technology around the world. Research Ethics Committees (RECs) have been established to improve putting ethics into practice in the field of research. A ‘Research Ethics Committee' (REC) is defined as a multidisciplinary, independent, body charged with reviewing research involving human participants to ensure that their dignity, rights and welfare are protected. Research ethics committees protect the welfare and rights of participants involved in research through reviewing research proposals, monitoring the conduct of research and dealing with complaints that arise from research. RECs, fortunately, have received a great deal of attention in different countries, and their mission, goals, and tasks have been described in many national and international guidelines. Ethical guidelines for biomedical research and RECs administrative regulations have been developed in Iran too. This manuscript will introduce you to the concepts underlying research ethics committees worldwide and in Iran. In this study, we present suggestions concerning course presentation and contents, which are provided by international assemblies. In view of the fact that many RECs in our country do not have specific plans for their members' primary training and continuing education, there seems to be a need for fundamental changes in the educational prerequisites for membership in this important organization. We hope the manuscript could enhance awareness of biomedical researchers about status and duties of research ethics committees and consequently strengthen the RECs in our country. Moreover, it is recommended that the Ministry of Health and Medical Education take more serious actions to establish and monitor ethics committees throughout the country. Therefore, a comparative study of ethical codes and guidelines is necessary to prevent the possible deviations in the course of research. This study is a literature review study and after reviewing the scientific literature in this field, review set of existing international codes such as Nuremberg, Helsinki, Belmont and... . The findings of this review article can help developing policymakers of codes of ethics.

Let the world listen to your best. The chapter discusses how the podcast can help to make academic research work more visible. Nowadays, professors can carry out a research and disseminate it among the academic community through creation of a podcast dedicated to the content of the research activity and they can share it through social networks. Creating a podcast is quite easy by following some small recommendations and using few technical resources, just an App for your smartphone and a USB microphone to get started. The chapter includes some examples how researchers can do their own podcast or can contribute to specific podcast about academic research. The chapter includes some examples of podcasts on academic dissemination and how they use social networks to share this content. Reports, interviews, and other radio genres help to spread the research that has been carried out. In this chapter, the author offers an overview of podcasts which can help you approach your audience and become more visible on the internet using the appropriate strategies.

The concept of the digital divide is becoming more and more complex as access to computers and the use of computers, changes over time. When the existence of a “digital divide” first emerged, it revolved around access to computers and related technologies. The high cost of computers and related technologies creates a large divide between people who could afford them, and who had access to all the advantages of Information technology in general, and those who could not. ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) have become an indispensable tool for businesses. Competitiveness and productivity depend on them. Cloud Computing has also generated new business opportunities for companies that have understood the key to this new social and commercial space. Cloud Computing on education can bridge the knowledge divide, the resource divide and the digital divide, teachers could be empowered under the cloud warning. It can be on devices, notebook, e-book and cell-phone. Cloud Computing in order to reduce digital divide has come as a friendly way to provide computer applications to users without the need for those users to purchase, install or support software on their local computers and/or servers. This research will cover the facts and issues discovered into the Digital Divide, after exploring details and points of views from experts. Also, this research will provide two models and one framework to describe, explain and finally reduce the gap or as most of the researchers has been looking for building a bridge in order to reduce the digital divide. Since computers and, later, the Internet became popular and came to our business, there has been a different degree of acceptance thereof by the people. The variety of profiles ranging from the 'early adopter', that is one that is to last forever in this new technology, to the 'allergic' to the computer, because they do not know how to use password to login and/or prefers to work as they always have done. Is not the first time we hear about people who cannot make simples actions in a computer because their capabilities are very low. I'm talking about everyday situations, rather than more complex ones such as maintenance of machinery. This research will treat the Cloud Computing concept as a tool to Reduce Digital Divide; the digital divide will be related to issues of educational access to the benefits of digitalization and the capabilities of a group of students in three different high school centers to use ICT appropriately and contribute to sustainable development.

Este artigo apresenta reflexões teóricas acerca do campo educacional na pós-modernidade e as contribuições do método da cartografia social para as pesquisas em educação, considerando a formação de professores/as-pesquisadores/as. Tem como objetivo central discutir as contribuições e as implicações do método cartográfico para os processos formativos no campo educacional, perpassando: a gênese do método cartográfico e suas principais características; a diferenciação da cartografia tradicional e da cartografia social; o papel do professor/a-pesquisador/a no método cartográfico; os princípios básicos da pesquisa cartográfica; e os desafios que se apresentam no campo educacional, em especial da pesquisa qualitativa em educação. Como perspectiva metodológica, foi utilizada a pesquisa bibliográfica, a fim de apresentar o método, sua gênese e contribuições para um fazer implicado/engajado no campo educacional a partir do diálogo teórico. Diante desses diálogos, apontamos que o método cartográfico contribui para a formação de professores/as-pesquisadores/as no sentido de promover o processo formativo e autoformativo à medida que nos desloca a pensar e a experimentar novas decisões metodológicas de modo a buscar singularidades, narrativas contextuais e inventivos caminhos na aventura de pesquisar. Estes processos descritos em pistas implicam em buscar saídas para escapar de grades e narrativas homogeneizadoras e correr riscos ao deslocar pontos de vista tidos como certos e adequados às decisões metodológicas adotadas, e que nos possibilite contagiar tantos outros/as pesquisadores/as, que, como nós, buscam novos caminhos e novos olhares na pesquisa em educação.

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The aim of the article is to present the results of the analysis of the education level in the European Union countries and to verify the relationship between the education and the economic growth of the studied countries. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The basic problem of this publication is quantitative and comparative analysis of the level of education in the European Union countries (EU27). Research methods used in the paper are the analysis and synthesis of the literature on the subject as well as quantitative analysis of the education using statistical and taxonomic tools (descriptive statistics, cluster analysis, taxonomic measure of education [TME]). An analysis of regression and correlation is also conducted to investigate the relationship between education and economic growth. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The line of reasoning consists of three essential elements. The first part presents the issues of education and economic growth in the light of the theory. This is a selective review of literature. The second part contains a comprehensive description of the research tools and methods. Part three of the article presents the results of the investigation in the field of education and its relationship with economic growth. The level of education was determined on the basis of an aggregated measure constructed from diagnostics variables. GDP per capita was used to estimate economic growth. The papers ends with conclusion and recommendations for future research. RESEARCH RESULTS: On the basis of theoretical considerations, the influence of knowledge and education on economic growth has been confirmed, particularly in the models of endogenous growth. In empirical research, a great part of the research also indicates a positive relationship between education and economic growth. There are also elaborations that do not confirm this correlation. This study provides two important information on education and economic growth in the Member States of the European Union. Firstly, the area of the European Union is very differentiated taking into account the two criteria indicated. Over the years, a gradual reduction in disparities is observed both in GDP per capita and in TME. Secondly, quantitative analysis has confirmed the emerging relationship between education and economic growth. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The issue of relationship between education and economic growth is very important and timely. There is lack of papers in the literature that use taxonomic methods to evaluate education. These tools give great opportunity to present the problem in a multidimensional and comprehensive manner, taking into account a large number of variables. The research should be treated as a preliminary study in this field, which requires further in-depth investigation. It is recommended to include more diagnostic variables related to education, as well as, more advanced research techniques in the fields of statistics, econometrics and taxonomy.

Operational Technology (OT) systems are facing increasing cybersecurity risks due to IT/OT convergence, legacy systems, and evolving regulatory demands. Security Operations Centers (SOCs) play a central role in monitoring and responding to these threats. However, existing literature predominantly focuses on IT-centric SOCs, leaving OT SOC models underexplored. This study examines the structure and implementation of SOC models designed for OT systems, based on 14 qualitative interviews with security professionals and industry stakeholders. The findings reveal a spectrum of SOC models, including integrated, dedicated, in-house, outsourced, and vendor-operated. Each possesses distinct trade-offs in visibility, contextual awareness, cost, and operational resilience. The study identifies key factors influencing the selection of the SOC model for industrial clients, including organizational size, OT complexity, and regulatory pressures. It also outlines future directions for integrated SOCs, process-aware monitoring, and federated models. By bridging empirical insights with existing literature, this work contributes a comparative framework for evaluating OT SOC models and informs both academic research and industry practices in securing critical OT infrastructures.Operational Technology (OT) systems are facing increasing cybersecurity risks due to IT/OT convergence, legacy systems, and evolving regulatory demands. Security Operations Centers (SOCs) play a central role in monitoring and responding to these threats. However, existing literature predominantly focuses on IT-centric SOCs, leaving OT SOC models underexplored. This study examines the structure and implementation of SOC models designed for OT systems, based on 14 qualitative interviews with security professionals and industry stakeholders. The findings reveal a spectrum of SOC models, including integrated, dedicated, in-house, outsourced, and vendor-operated. Each possesses distinct trade-offs in visibility, contextual awareness, cost, and operational resilience. The study identifies key factors influencing the selection of the SOC model for industrial clients, including organizational size, OT complexity, and regulatory pressures. It also outlines future directions for integrated SOCs, process-aware monitoring, and federated models. By bridging empirical insights with existing literature, this work contributes a comparative framework for evaluating OT SOC models and informs both academic research and industry practices in securing critical OT infrastructures.

Objective To analyze the present research situation of stroke rehabilitation nursing in China, find out the defects and shortcomings existing in the development, and lay a good foundation for the development of stroke rehabilitation nursing. Methods The documentation published in Chinese core journals was searched in Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP database (VIP), Wanfang database by computer retrieval. The publishing year, journal name, scientific research funds, the method of literature research, research objects and research contents were analyzed by bibliometrics. Results A total of 253 articles were included with an increasing trend. These literature distributed in 34 kinds of Chinese core journals, fund rate was relatively good, but very few national fund, the experimental research was given priority to, and the research content was wide. Conclusions In order to better promote the rehabilitation of brain stroke patients, community rehabilitation care needs to be vigorously promoted, emphasis should be paid to the importance of patients family members, at the same time, great importance should also be attached to the combination between disciplines, in order to find better, more effective and easy methods to promote the rehabilitation nursing. Key words: Stroke; Rehabilitation nursing; Bibliometrics

ABSTRACTDespite ambitious efforts in various fields of research over multiple decades, the goal of making academic research relevant to the practitioner remains elusive: theoretical and academic research interests do not seem to coincide with the interests of managerial practice. This challenge is more fundamental than knowledgetransfer, it is one of diverging knowledgeinterestsand means of knowledgeproduction. In this article, we look at this fundamental challenge through the lens of design science, which is an approach aimed primarily at discovery and problem solving as opposed to accumulation of theoretical knowledge. We explore in particular the ways in which problem‐solving research and theory‐oriented academic research can complement one another. In operations management (OM) research, recognizing and building on this complementarity is especially crucial, because problem‐solving–oriented research produces the very artifacts (e.g., technologies) that empirical OM research subsequently evaluates in an attempt to build explanatory theory. It is indeed the practitioner—not the academic scientist—who engages in basic research in OM. This idiosyncrasy prompts the question: how can we enhance the cross‐fertilization between academic research and research practice to make novel theoretical insights and practical relevance complementary? This article proposes a design science approach to bridge practice to theory rather than theory to practice.