MIMO Integration for Wireless Backhaul and Inter-Tower Communications in ATSC 3.0

The discussion of mobile multimedia broadcasting technologies and service implementation in this chapter is limited to the broadcasting network based scheme can be received by portable or hand-held devices with a small screen. Similar to DTTB systems, digital mobile multimedia broadcasting systems are designed for high-data-throughput (to support multiple low-data-rate services) transmission through wireless channels (VHF/UHF bands in terrestrial, S- or L-band for satellite networks). The chapter summarizes the features of DVB-H, Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC)-M/H, China Multimedia Mobile Broadcasting (CMMB), and the new released DVB Next Generation Broadcasting System to Handheld (NGH) standards with the focus on the technical merits of reliable transmission under wireless, mobile environment and the robust reception using the portable or hand-held devices. ATSC-Mobile/Handheld (ATSC-M/H) is the standard for the DTV mobile transmission developed by the ATSC in 2007. The ATSC-M/H system shares the same RF channel of the traditional ATSC broadcast services.

In South Korea, Broadcast companies have begun a trial 3D broadcasting service by delivering dual streams, such as a left view sequence with MPEG-2 video and a right one with MPEG-4 AVC video, within the 19.4 Mbps terrestrial bandwidth. However, this limitation of transmission bandwidth in the terrestrial broadcasting system may cause quality degradation compared to the current 2D broadcasting service. Recently, the Advanced Television System Committee (ATSC) has released a new service model called non-real-time (NRT) technology, which provides file download functionality over a terrestrial broadcasting system. And electronic manufactures have developed smart TV which enables to receive RF channel and IP protocol. In order to operate a full quality 3D service, this paper proposes an NRT-based hybrid broadcasting system in which one of two view sequences is transmitted as a real-time broadcasting program, and the other is transmitted prior to a real-time broadcasting program and is stored as a file. This system uses a method of referential relation and synchronization between MPEG-2 transport stream (TS) and the file downloaded by ATSC NRT or IP. Therefore, the proposed hybrid broadcasting system can provide stable, high quality 3D content while maintaining a backward compatibility with the current 2D broadcasting system, despite the terrestrial bandwidth limitation.

This article describes the next‐generation terrestrial broadcast transmission system developed by the Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) known as “ATSC 3.0.” The goals of ATSC 3.0 are to improve the television viewing experience with higher audio and video quality, compression efficiency, robust transmission for reception on both fixed and mobile devices, and more accessibility, personalization, and interactivity. ATSC is also addressing changing consumer behavior and preferences, providing TV content on a wide variety of devices. Furthermore, ATSC is working to add value to the broadcast service platform, extending its reach and adding new business models – all without the restriction of backward compatibility with the legacy system.

New digital television standards are emerging to meet the demand for new services from TV broadcasters, as well as to support new high-resolution audio and video formats available on the market. In Brazil, the Brazilian Digital TV System (SBTVD) Forum defines the standard to be adopted. Among the currently available physical layer technologies, the Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) 3.0 standard offers great flexibility in operating modes, depending on the broadcasters’ requirements and propagation conditions, for both fixed and mobile reception. This allows the system to be configured to balance robustness and transmission efficiency. This paper presents the performance test results in various mobile reception scenarios in the city of Rio de Janeiro, using an ATSC 3.0 signal with a transmission rate of 32.3 Mbps in a <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2\times 2$</tex-math> </inline-formula> Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) configuration. The results showed a reception success rate of 53.6%, with an increase in reception errors for Carrier-to-Noise Ratio (C/N) lower than 26 dB. Furthermore, reception errors were detected with greater intensity when the received signal level was below -70 dBm. Although the overall success rate was around 50%, the complementary metrics (C/N threshold, RSSI, and PLP0 error behavior) were consistent with theoretical expectations, demonstrating that ATSC 3.0 performs effectively under real urban mobility conditions at high spectral efficiency. ATSC 3.0 thus proved effective in broadcast transmission, meeting the needs for ultra-high-definition (UHD) audio and video broadcasting.

ATSC 3.0 is the Next Gen TV broadcast emission system defined by the Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) encompassing the entire terrestrial broadcast system from the physical layer to the applications and presentation layer. This paper offers an overview of the important advancements in the ATSC 3.0 Standard, which is designed to inspire today’s content creators, business leaders, and consumers.

The physical layer [layer-1 (L1)] signaling (L1 signaling) of Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) 3.0 is studied. In the new digital broadcasting system, ATSC 3.0, L1 signaling is designed to be more efficient but still robust compared with preceding standards such as DVB-T2. We introduce the error protection scheme of ATSC 3.0 in detail. Especially advanced methods newly employed in ATSC 3.0 are investigated with regard to its purpose and benefit in comparison to conventional DVB-T2.

The ultra-dense network (UDN) has been considered as a promising candidate for future 5G network to meet the explosive data demand. To realise UDN, a reliable, gigahertz (GHz) bandwidth and cost-effective backhaul network connecting ultra-dense small-cell BSs (SBS) and macrocell BS (MBS) are pre-requisite. Millimetre wave (mmWave) spectrum can be used to obtain potential gigabit-per-second (Gbps) traffic for wireless backhaul. Moreover, mmWave can easily integrate with massive MIMO for improved link reliability. In this research work, we analyse the wireless backhaul traffic in two different scenarios (e.g., centralised and distributed) using small cell and mmWave communication. Furthermore, the energy efficiency (EE) of wireless backhaul network is compared for different network architecture and frequency bands. Numerical comparison results provide some guidelines for deploying future 5G wireless backhaul network in economical and highly energy-efficient way.

&lt;p&gt;Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) 3.0, the new generation digital terrestrial television standard, has been designed for facing the new challenges of the future broadcasting systems. ATSC 3.0 has been built using the most recent cutting-edge technologies. Layered division multiplexing (LDM) is one of the major components of the new system baseline. LDM provides a tool to make flexible use of the spectrum for delivering simultaneous services to stationary and mobile services. This paper presents the performance evaluation of ATSC 3.0 core services in mobile scenarios using LDM. Simulation results are presented to analyze the influence of different LDM ensemble configuration modes for mobile reception. The simulation results have been also confirmed by laboratory tests under different channel models. The signal to noise ratio threshold values confirm the excellent behavior of ATSC 3.0 and LDM in mobile and portable scenarios.&lt;/p&gt;

Multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) is appealing for the provision of high spectral efficiency in digital terrestrial broadcast systems. To fully obtain its advantageous features, it is very important to remove the frequency mismatch between the transmitter and the receiver. In this paper, we present the performance analysis of joint estimation of carrier and sampling frequency offsets in the MIMO-OFDM-based advanced television systems committee (ATSC) 3.0 system. In the MIMO-OFDM ATSC system, the continual pilot (CP) is primarily utilized to perform frequency synchronization. To efficiently suppress an unwanted bias introduced by the presence of random-likely located CPs, an optimal pilot subset is selected to form the basis of least squares frequency-offset estimation. A closed-form mean squared error is derived in the context of MIMO-OFDM, considering the multipath fading channel. We show via computer simulations and numerical analysis that the proposed estimation method achieves higher estimation accuracy than the existing estimation method.

This paper proposes an improved additional data transmission (ADT) system based on low density parity check (LDPC) code which can transmit an additional data stream in the Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) terrestrial digital television system. The LDPC code based ADT system can offer an additional data of rate up to a few megabits per second (Mbps) which is significantly increased compared to the conventional data transmission schemes used in the transmitter identification system.

In this paper, we investigate the downlink transmissions in wireless backhaul (WB) networks when unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are used as flying small cell base stations. We propose to employ the non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) on the WB transmissions and introduce a novel cooperative transmission scheme for the wireless access links. Then, we formulate an optimization problem which jointly determines the radio resource allocation at the macro cell base station (MBS) and UAVs along with the optimization of the decoding order of the NOMA process and the positions of the UAVs in space to maximize the sum achievable rate of all users. The formulated problem is a general mixed integer non-convex program, which is very difficult to solve optimally within a polynomial time. Therefore, we propose a framework based on the method of difference of convex program characterized by the Lipschitz continuity to transform and approximate the original problem into a series of convex approximate ones and develop a low-complexity algorithm to sequentially solve for each approximate problem until convergence. Numerical evaluation and analysis show that our achieved solution, under the proposed framework and developed algorithm, can outperform the other schemes which aim at either optimizing without using cooperative NOMA or do not optimize the UAVs' positions.

The next generation digital TV (DTV) broadcast, namely Advanced Television System Committee (ATSC) 3.0, relies on substantial single frequency networks (SFN), each of which requires a studio to transmitter link (STL) to transmit data from the broadcast gateway (BG), leading to significant construction costs. Therefore, the wireless in-band distribution link (IDL) technology is proposed, which uses layered-division multiplexing (LDM) to transmit the STL data via wireless links from the BG to the SFN transmitters within the same spectrum as the broadcast services. In this paper, we propose the time synchronization and signal detection algorithm for wireless IDL systems with both unicast and broadcast signals. We introduce two multiplexing schemes, N-LDM and 3-LDM, and demonstrate their superiority over traditional frequency division multiplexing (FDM). To overcome the challenge of multi-access interference and synchronization errors caused by multipath, we develop a unique word (UW) design algorithm for transmitted signals and a double threshold correlation detection algorithm (DTCDA) that outperforms traditional ones. We employ a second threshold to enhance detection performance at low signal-to-noise ratios, and utilizes successive interference cancellation (SIC) to mitigate multiple-access interference. More importantly, our approach requires no knowledge of the unicast user number or channel state information. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

The general trend in the backhaul link technology arena is the increasing use of high-speed microwave solutions. The ever-rising demand for high capacities at low cost has recently enhanced the interest in wireless backhaul networks. Evaluating the connectivity of the wireless multi-hop backhaul networks is a significant task. Taking into account the high frequency of operation, a novel analytical and engineering propagation model is presented for the calculation of connectivity. Furthermore, the minimum required node density in order to keep the network connected is also calculated. The sensitivity of network connectivity on frequency operation, transmission power, and climatic conditions is also investigated. Finally, the error performance of the backhaul network links is finally presented, and some very useful conclusions are drawn.

This article analyzes channel coding and equalization stages in the 8-level vestigial sideband transmission for the digital television broadcast system developed by ATSC, the Advanced Television Systems Committee. We present bit error rate versus C/N performance for a simulator developed by the authors for the purpose of assessing the robustness of the ATSC 8-VSB coding and equalization stages in the presence of multipath propagation, additive Gaussian noise and of channel impulsive noise surges. Implementation aspects for the developed simulator are discussed.

In digital broadcasting system single frequency network (SFN) technologies are often considered for the efficiency of frequency allotment. In SFN, All the transmitters within the broadcasting service area use the same frequency. In this paper, we discuss the performance and evaluate some coverage criterions for SFN in digital video broadcasting - terrestrial (DVB-T) and on-channel repeater (OCR) in the Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC). Also, we propose method and simulation for coverage planning and estimation.