MLAS: Multiple level authentication scheme for VANETs

The potential for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) in improving traffic, enhancing road safety and reducing traffic accidents has attracted attention from academia, industry, and governments. To ensure secure communication in VANETs, a number of authentication schemes, including those with batch verification, were proposed in recent years. However, studies have demonstrated that most of the existing schemes suffer from bad performance or weak security. To address those problems, we construct a new identity-based digital signature (IBDS) scheme using bilinear pairings. The IBDS scheme is then used to construct a new identity-based conditional privacy-preserving authentication (IBCPPA) scheme for VANETs without the need for a map-to-point hash function or double secret keys. Using simulations, we demonstrate that our provably-secure IBCPPA scheme not only achieves better performance than related schemes, but also overcomes the inefficiency problem of the double secret keys in related schemes (i.e., the system does have to manage two secret keys to provide security).

The potential for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) in improving traffic, enhancing road safety and reducing traffic accidents has attracted attention from academia, industry, and governments. To ensure secure communication in VANETs, a number of authentication schemes, including those with batch verification, were proposed in recent years. However, studies have demonstrated that most of the existing schemes suffer from bad performance or weak security. To address those problems, we construct a new identity-based digital signature (IBDS) scheme using bilinear pairings. The IBDS scheme is then used to construct a new identity-based conditional privacy-preserving authentication (IBCPPA) scheme for VANETs without the need for a map-to-point hash function or double secret keys. Using simulations, we demonstrate that our provably-secure IBCPPA scheme not only achieves better performance than related schemes, but also overcomes the inefficiency problem of the double secret keys in related schemes (i.e., the system does have to manage two secret keys to provide security).

Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) have recently received considerable attention. To widely deploy VANETs in the civilian area, it is critical to tackle the secure and privacy challenges in VANETs. In this paper, we propose a scheme referred as IIBV to meet the requirements of security and privacy in VANETs. Specially, we exploit several methods to improve the security of a recent identity-based batch verification scheme for VANETs based on ideal tamper proof devices. In our improved scheme, we assume an attacker cannot recover the secret in a tamper proof device within a reasonable period of time. Vehicles are distributed into different groups maintained by RSUs who may update their private-public keys periodically. The privacy of vehicles is protected by employing pseudo identities and one-time signing keys. As to the efficiency of the scheme, batch verification algorithms are applied to reduce the delay of the message authentications.

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are proposed to improve the traffic safety and efficiency through communications among vehicles and between vehicle and roadside units (RSUs). When a vehicle broadcasts messages to nearby vehicles and roadside units (RSUs), it needs to resist attacks and to preserve the privacy of the message senders. Therefore, security and privacy issues are of great interests and remain challenging. Many authentication schemes are proposed to tackle above challenges while most of them are heavy in computation and communication. In this paper, we propose a novel authentication scheme that utilizes the double pseudonym method to hide the real identity of vehicle and adopts the dynamic update technology to periodically update the information (such as member secret, authentication key, internal pseudo-identity) stored in the tamper-proof device (TPD) to prevent the side-channel attack. Because of not using bilinear pairing, our scheme yields a better performance in terms of computation overhead and communication overhead and is more suitable to be applied in VANETs.

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) play a crucial role in enhancing modern transportation systems, leading to the development of various authentication schemes to meet the stringent security and privacy requirements of vehicular communications. Many existing schemes rely on tamper- proof devices (TPDs) that store extensive secret parameters for identity authentication, making them susceptible to Sybil and side-channel attacks. This paper introduces a sophisticated privacy-preserving authentication protocol, referred to as Authentication and Update (AuthUp), specifically designed to solve the problem. A trusted authority (TA) issues one-time access tokens to vehicles during the registration process. After each vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) authentication process, cryptographic key material is updated without compromising privacy. Consequently, Sybil attacks are promptly identified and thwarted, as manipulated tokens fail authentication. Additionally, adversaries are prevented from accessing sensitive data stored in TPDs via side-channel attacks because of the dynamic updating of secret keys. A formal security proof validates the robustness of AuthUp, and extensive evaluations demonstrate its superior efficiency compared to alternative schemes, highlighting its suitability for VANET deployment.

A survey on authentication schemes in VANETs for secured communication

HCPA-GKA: A hash function-based conditional privacy-preserving authentication and group-key agreement scheme for VANETs

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) play an ever-increasing important role in improving traffic management and enhancing driving safety. However, vehicular communication using a wireless channel faces security and privacy challenges. The conditional privacy-preserving authentication (CPPA) scheme is suitable for solving the above challenges, but the existing identity-based CPPA schemes suffer from inborn key escrow issues. Motivated by this, we propose a lightweight CPPA scheme based on elliptic curve cryptography to solve the above issues, in which the pseudonym and public/private key pair of the vehicle is generated by itself, so that the proposed scheme avoids the key escrow issue. Furthermore, to achieve efficient vehicular communication, a CPPA scheme is proposed using a fog computing model that supports mobility, low latency, and location awareness. The pseudonym of the vehicle is generated by two hash chains in the proposed scheme, so that the storage overhead can be reduced efficiently under the condition that backward security is guaranteed. Security analysis shows that the scheme is secure under the random oracle and satisfies the security requirements of VANETs. Performance evaluation demonstrates that the proposed scheme outperforms related schemes in terms of computational and communication overhead.

An efficient identity-based signature scheme without bilinear pairing for vehicle-to-vehicle communication in VANETs

Conditional privacy preserving authentication (CPPA) schemes preserve privacy of nodes and authenticate warning messages in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). However, the existing key exchange processes are computationally expensive, which compel CPPAs to rely on temper proof devices with pre-installed keys. Moreover, transmission of messages occurs as plaintext, which provides an opportunity to adversaries to intercept and temper communication. Furthermore, CPPAs provide no means for dealing with blackhole attacks. In this paper, we present a novel light-weight encryption-enabled CPPA (LWE-CPPA) scheme that introduces encryption in warning messages. The scheme starts with the exchange of unique symmetric keys among nodes by using our proposed variant of Diffie-Hellman algorithm. After successful key exchange, the scheme uses our proposed VANETs specific novel lightweight encryption algorithm to yield a strong cipher for protection of messages from adversaries. An authentication process follows message encryption that makes our scheme robust. Furthermore, LWE-CPPA provides protection against blackhole attacks by employing a predefined threshold for warning messages acknowledgment. Simulation results demonstrate that LWE-CPPA provides improved security with reduced computational and communication overheads as compared to eminent CPPA schemes.

By regularly broadcasting information about the road and weather conditions around vehicles, a Vehicular Adhoc Network (VANET) is expected to improve traffic congestion and relieve traffic pressure. To guarantee the safe communication of vehicles, the security and privacy problems are urgent to be solved in VANETs. Until now, numerous conditional privacy-preserving authentication (CPPA) schemes have been proposed to solve these problems. However, cross-region authentication still not being taken seriously in CPPA scheme. Although several blockchain-based CPPA scheme have being proposed to realize cross-region authentication, there still exist some imperfection such as frequent interactions or unlinkability. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel blockchain-assisted authentication scheme to solve these existing issues. First, we adopt a puncturable pseudorandom function to complete identity authentication of vehicles. Second, a key derivation algorithm is used to achieve unlinkability of messages. Third, we achieve cross-region authentication by taking advantage of the properties of blockchain. The security analysis shows that the proposed scheme is suitable for VANETs.

ID-CEPPA: Identity-based Computationally Efficient Privacy-Preserving Authentication scheme for vehicle-to-vehicle communications

Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) offer immense potential for revolutionizing modern transportation systems through real-time communication and interaction between vehicles and roadside infrastructure. These networks can significantly enhance traffic management, improve safety, and support various vehicular services. However, ensuring secure communication in VANETs remains a critical challenge due to the highly sensitive nature of the data exchanged, such as location and personal information. Current authentication schemes, including the ANEL scheme, exhibit vulnerabilities like data interception and tracking risks. In this paper, we propose a novel, efficient, and lightweight authentication scheme that leverages elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) and message mapping techniques to address these security issues. The proposed solution strengthens encryption, enhances privacy protection, and mitigates risks such as unauthorized access and man-in-the-middle attacks. Furthermore, the scheme offers scalability and distinguishes between regular and priority users, making it adaptable to various VANET applications. This approach significantly improves the overall security and privacy framework of VANET systems while ensuring the efficient use of computational resources in vehicular environments.

Over just one decade and due to their promising potential in greatly improving transportation usage, Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks (VANETs) have increasingly gained researcher attention in order to ensure them an expected and merited maturity. So, VANETs have been predicted to revolutionize transportation system domain giving them new dimension via Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) paradigm. ITSs suggest providing user vehicles with more safety, comfort, rapidity of moving, infotainment, etc.. This undeniable advantage allows saving human lives, money, power consumption, time and making use of vehicles more attractive for passengers. This paper is dealing with dependable alert and urgent messages. So, when an alert is sent, we rely on that message to surely reach its destination in order that appropriate actions will be taken. Therefore, we devised a communication protocol ensuring emergency messages to be correctly delivered to their recipients in a way complying with real time requirements. The protocol is tested with repairing messages issued by failed vehicles and the simulation results provided by NS2-VanetMobiSim simulators are convincing.

Road safety applications envisaged for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) depend largely on the exchange of messages to deliver information to concerned vehicles. Safety applications as well as inherent VANET characteristics make data dissemination an essential service and a challenging task. We are developing a decentralized efficient solution for broadcast data dissemination through two game-theoretical mechanisms. Besides, VANETs can also include autonomous vehicles (AVs). AVs might represent a revolutionary new paradigm that can be a reality in our cities in the next few years. AVs do not need a driver to work; instead, they should copy a proper human behavior to adapt the driving according to the current circumstances, such as speed limit, pedestrian crossing street or wheather conditions. We will develop an AV software module including artificial intelligence (AI) techniques so that AVs can interact with the dynamic scenario throughout time. Finally, we also will include electrical vehicles (EV) in the VANET, so that special services such as finding and reserving an EV charging station place will be welcome. In addition, we are developing a multimetric geographic routing protocol for VANETs to transmit H.265 video (traffic accident, traffic state, commercial….) over VANETs.