Mobile Laser Scanning for Indoor Modelling

BIM assisted Building Automation System information exchange using BACnet and IFC

Using Building Information Modeling (BIM) for design, detailing, fabrication and erection of concrete reinforcement and automating information exchange throughout AEC projects potentially improves productivity of the reinforcement supply chain. This study first develops an information flow process map documenting the reinforcement supply chain activities, and identifying the contents of the reinforcement models, created and exchanged by different disciplines during various phases of a concrete project. Then the identified information items are used as a basis to assess the functionality of BIM tools for reinforcement. BIM tools are evaluated in four areas: design and modeling, editing, project and construction management, and interoperability. The IFC schema is chosen as the preferred medium to examine the interoperability capabilities of the evaluated BIM tools. Our study identified significant enhancements in 3D parametric modeling and information interoperability of concrete reinforcement. Despite these improvements, notable modeling and interoperability deficiencies in the reviewed BIM tools remain unsolved. These shortcomings impact the modeling outcome and hinder effective use of BIM reinforcing models generated in design during fabrication and construction management. Recommendations to improve the identified shortcomings in all the four reviewed areas are provided.

Building Information Modeling: Framework for Structural Design introduces a structure and architecture synergy (SAS) framework that helps develop and enhance the understanding of the fundamental principles of architectural analysis using building information modeling (BIM) tools. Based upon three main components: namely, the structural melody, structural poetry, and structural analysis, along with the BIM tools as the frame enabler, this new framework allows users to explore structural design as an art while also factoring in the principles of engineering. The framework stresses the influence structure can play in form generation and in defining spatial order and composition. By highlighting the interplay between architecture and structure, the book emphasizes the conceptual behaviors of structural systems and their aesthetic implications and enables readers to thoroughly understand the art and science of whole structural system concepts. Key Features: Is updated throughout Adds new exercises; cutting‑edge information on the use of AI, Machine Learning (ML), and modelling; and issues of sustainability. Presents the use of BIM technology as part of a design process or framework that can lead to a more comprehensive, intelligent, and integrated building design. Places special emphasis on the application of BIM technology for exploring the intimate relationship between structural engineering and architectural design. Includes a discussion of current and emerging trends in structural engineering practice and the role of the structural engineer in building design using new BIM technologies.

This study demonstrates the research and development of a visualization method called thermal performance simulation. The objective of this study is providing the results of thermal performance simulation results into building information modeling (BIM) models, displaying a series of thermal performance results, and enabling stakeholders to use the BIM tool as a common user interface in the early design stage. This method utilizes a combination of object-oriented physical modeling (OOPM) and BIM. To implement the suggested method, a specific BIM authoring tool called the application programming interface (API) was adopted, as well as an external database to maintain the thermal energy performance results from the OOPM tool. Based on this method, this study created a prototype called the thermal energy performance visualization (TEPV). The TEPV translates the information from the external database to the thermal energy performance indicator (TEPI) parameter in the BIM tool. In the TEPI, whenever BIM models are generated for building design, the thermal energy performance results are visualized by color-coding the building components in the BIM models. Visualization of thermal energy performance results enables non-engineers such as architects to explicitly inspect the simulation results. Moreover, the TEPV facilitates architects using BIM as an interface in building design to visualize building thermal energy performance, enhancing their design production at the early design stages.

Building information modelling (BIM) enables the creation of a digital representation of a designed facility combined with additional information about the project attributes, performance criteria, and construction process. Users of BIM tools point to the ability to visualize the final design along with the construction process as a beneficial feature of using BIM. Knowing the construction process in relationship to a facility’s design benefits both safety professionals when planning worker safety measures for a project and designers when creating a project’s design. Success in using BIM to enhance safety partly depends on the familiarity of project personnel with BIM tools and the extent to which the tools can be used to identify and eliminate safety hazards. In a separate, ongoing study, the authors investigated the connection between BIM and safety to document the opportunities, barriers, and impacts. Utilizing an on-line survey of project engineers who work for construction firms together with a comprehensive literature review, the study found those who use BIM feel that it aids in communication of project information and project delivery, both of which have been found to have positive impacts on construction site safety. Further, utilizing the survey results, the authors apply the binary logistic regression econometric framework to better understand the factors that lead to safety professionals believing that BIM increases safety in the work place. In addition, according to the survey results, a large percentage of the engineers who use BIM feel that ultimately it helps to eliminate safety hazards and improve worker safety. The study findings suggest that improvements in safety performance across the construction industry may be due in part to increased use of BIM in the construction industry.

Cobb's Paradox (Bourne, 2011) asks: 'We know why projects fail; we know how to prevent their failure-so why do they still fail?' This study immerses itself into a major Australian IT project in order to unearth the drivers of project failure. Several new and novel findings have emerged. Using Multi-Grounded Theory this research has developed models and rich descriptions of new phenomena. The phenomena identified in this research, are drawn from social psychology and economic theory and highlight the issues of project execution as a social undertaking. This paper addresses one of those findings, namely the lack of domain expertise by senior management and vendor representatives. This paper examines the consequences of 'actors-working-in-organisations' (Manning, 2008, p. 678) and in particular looking at individual interactions, decisions and consequences (Goffman, 1959) through the lens of the Kruger-Dunning Effect (1999).

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is considered a crucial technological innovation that should be embraced. While BIM adoption has progressed among large firms, its implementation within Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) remains limited, particularly in developing countries where SMEs dominate the construction sector. Construction SMEs face unique constraints, including limited financial resources, fragmented project teams, restricted technical capacity, and lower organizational readiness, making BIM adoption both critical and challenging. The aim of this research is to investigate the challenges and key success factors for BIM implementation from Malaysian SMEs. A survey was distributed to 590 construction firms, resulting in 268 usable responses. The results showed that only 13% of respondents reported using BIM in their building projects, with the majority (76%) citing complicated legal framework, lack of standardized BIM processes, absence of affordable training, low levels of trust and fragmented team. For effective Implementation of BIM, the top critical success factors included early involvement and participation of project teams, availability of information and technology, and early selection of appropriate BIM tools. The outcomes provide targeted insights for SMEs and policymakers by offering empirically validated guidance to support BIM adoption in sustainable building projects. While the study is based on Malaysian context, the results are relevant to other developing nations with SME-dominated industry facing similar institutional and technological conditions. The findings provide targeted insights for SMEs, policymakers, and industry stakeholders by offering empirically validated guidance to support BIM adoption in sustainable building projects.

Building maintenance is essential for the operation of the building to maintain the reliability and performance of the building to match its economic age. There are many buildings whose maintenance is inferior from a technical, administrative, and budgetary perspective, so an appropriate maintenance design model is needed according to the operational needs of the building. On the other hand, the development of digital information technology is getting faster and more widely used. One is Building Information Modeling (BIM), where the entire activity process works in collaboration and integration. Therefore, this study aims to develop a proper building maintenance design model using BIM. The method used is to apply building maintenance standards in Indonesia (Public Works Ministrial Regulation No 24/PRT/M/2008) in BIM supporting applications, namely Autodesk Revit (for visualizing 3D buildings) and Autodesk BIM 360 Ops (for maintenance management), as a case study using the Maintenance Management Design of Walini Station which is one of the Jakarta-Bandung fast train stations with very modern, complex and complicated building components. The maintenance design model is carried out through the following stages: (i) building modeling using Autodesk Revit based on shop drawings in 3D and can be applied to 4D and 5D needs; (ii) export Autodesk Revit results to the Autodesk BIM 360 Ops application because this application can store a database of all building operations; and (iii) conducting a maintenance design simulation using the Autodesk BIM 360 Ops application. The study results show that BIM technology can be used as a detailed, accurate, effective, efficient, and integrated maintenance design model. Keywords: Building Maintenance, Building Information Modeling (BIM), Autodesk Revit, Autodesk BIM 360 Ops, building maintenance model

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is increasingly used to support green building design practices, yet its alignment with established green building assessment (GBA) tools remains underexamined. This study evaluates the extent to which Autodesk Revit, as a BIM tool, supports the calculation of energy-related indicators in GBA tools such as the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) method. A quasi-empirical, multi-method approach was employed, combining content analysis, a Revit-based simulation of a residential building, and structured evaluation by a panel of four experts. Using both subjective and objective measures, the experts assessed Revit’s effectiveness and the role of Revit’s media channels—modeling, simulation, data integration, and text documentation—in supporting and calculating LEED Energy and Atmosphere (EA) indicators. Results reveal that Revit is capable of effectively supporting 7 out of 11 LEED EA indicators. The highly supported indicators included minimum energy performance, building-level energy metering, optimized energy performance, advanced energy metering, renewable energy production, and enhanced refrigerant management while the fundamental refrigerant management indicator was evaluated as a moderately supported indicator. These highly supported indicators are core energy-related indicators; three of them are prerequisite indicators, while the remaining are credit indicators that cover 66.7% of the weight assigned for the EA indicators. The results also demonstrated that the remaining four indicators—fundamental commissioning and verification, enhanced commissioning, demand response, green power, and carbon offsets—were evaluated as poorly supported by Revit. The consistency of results across two rounds of survey, along with the expert’s consensus on 73% (8 out of 11) of the examined indicators, provides empirical validation of Rivet’s capacity to support LEED GBA. Findings also showed that modeling and simulation, followed by data integration, are the most impactful channels in supporting and calculating LEED EA criteria and requirements, with significant statistical correlation confirmed through Kendall’s Tau correlation. The findings have theoretical and practical implications for designers, green building practitioners, and BIM developers and suggest areas for further research.

[ID] Perkembangan dunia konstruksi yang semakin maju menuntut semua pihak yang terlibat dalam proyek konstruksi untuk mencari solusi yang tepat dalam menyelesaikan proyek konstruksi secara efektif dan efisien. Salah satu aspek penting dalam sebuah proyek konstruksi adalah perhitungan volume, karena kesalahan dalam perhitungan ini dapat menyebabkan kerugian yang besar. Sebelum adanya metode building information modeling (BIM), metode konvensional yang umum digunakan adalah dengan menggunakan gambar CAD dan perangkat lunak Microsoft Excel untuk melakukan perhitungan volume. Namun, metode konvensional ini memakan waktu yang cukup lama karena dilakukan secara manual. Metode BIM memiliki kelebihan dalam menghemat biaya, waktu, dan tenaga karena memungkinkan perencana untuk mengelola data secara presisi dan detail dalam permodelan 3D bangunan serta menghitung quantity take off. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat model struktur 3D dan menghitung quantity take off pada volume pekerjaan dan material bangunan Gedung Poltekkes Kota Palangka Raya dengan menggunakan metode BIM. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada gedung tersebut dengan menggunakan data sekunder yang didapat dari konsultan perencana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perancangan dan pemodelan bangunan menggunakan BIM dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak Autodesk Revit dapat mempermudah perancangan karena model tersebut memuat informasi dan detail tentang bangunan tersebut. Metode BIM juga mampu menghitung quantity take off hingga detail volume material. Perhitungan quantity take off dengan menggunakan metode BIM menunjukkan selisih rata-rata sebesar 11,38% dibandingkan dengan metode konvensional, membuktikan bahwa perhitungan dengan metode BIM mampu meminimalisir kesalahan perhitungan. [EN] The advancing world of construction demands all parties involved in construction projects to seek effective and efficient solutions. Volume calculation is crucial in construction projects, as errors in volume calculation can lead to significant losses. Before the advent of Building Information Modeling (BIM), the conventional method used CAD drawings and Microsoft Excel software for volume calculations, which were time-consuming due to manual processes. BIM offers advantages in cost, time, and labor savings by enabling precise data management and detailed 3D building modeling, including quantity take-off. This research aims to create a 3D structural model and calculate quantity take-off for the work volume and building materials of the Poltekkes Kota Palangka Raya Building using the BIM method. The study was conducted at the Poltekkes Kota Palangka Raya building using secondary data obtained from planning consultants. The findings indicate that designing and modeling buildings using BIM with Autodesk Revit software facilitates design processes due to the detailed information included in the model. BIM methods can accurately calculate quantity take-off, including detailed volume material calculations. Quantity take-off calculations using the BIM method showed an average difference of 11.38% compared to conventional methods, demonstrating that BIM can minimize calculation errors.

Brownfield site development refers to the process of redeveloping previously used or contaminated land for new construction or renovation projects. These sites often present unique challenges due to their historical use and potential environmental hazards. Despite the benefits accruable from the use of BIM and the steep rise its adoption, the literature shows dearth and lack of the adoption of Building Information Modelling (BIM) in brownfield site development Therefore, this research project attempts to take the advantage of the growing development of Building Information Modelling (BIM) to bridge the above gaps, where BIM can play a significant role in this process by providing a virtual representation of the impact of the site on buildings and its potential hazards. By incorporating data from environmental assessments, such as soil and groundwater contamination, into the BIM model, project teams can visualise and analyse the risks associated with the site. This allows for better planning and decision-making in terms of hazard mitigation strategies. This study seeks to develop a clear and comprehensive conceptual framework to guide research in this field and shape the innovative system that integrates design decision tasks throughout project lifecycle with BIM processes. It will assist designers to reflect on the safety implications of their design decisions. The fundamental concern of the system is the identification, evaluation, and mitigation of potential hazard at the design stage of brownfield site development. The proposed system will add a new sort of functionality to common BIM tools such as Autodesk REVIT.

In the construction industry, Building Information Modelling is primarily viewed as a catalyst for productivity and innovation. As projects have become more and more complex, there has been an increasing concern about the concept of project complexity. Understanding project complexity and managing contractors need to improve their management level as the rising building intricacy increases. In the construction industry, the contractors have faced many challenges, including workforce, increasing cost, inadequate risk management, unrealistic expectations/bad forecasting, limited skills, and delay problem. The project participants must coordinate and plan according to the project scope, including the construction process simulation, monitoring the construction quality, reducing rework, and improving economic benefits. Some of the main-contractor managements are trying to apply new modern technology. Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a tool used to the design, construction, and maintenance process of the whole cycle of the construction project. This article aims to analyze the BIM tool and take its advantage to improve the construction project management efficiency. The case study research approach is utilized to analyze the BIM tools. It includes the BIM 3D/4D/5D tools as the new method to build visualization model, execute clash detection, take-off quantity, simulate the construction process, make the work schedule graphically, and ensure the project is complete on time. This study is to research construction project management through applying the BIM tool. The BIM platform optimizes the design quality and improves construction work efficiencies, such as clash detection, work schedule, quantity take-off, etc. The results are also helpful for the identification of research clusters and topics in the BIM community

Nowadays precast concrete elements are widely used in buildings, bridges, and other civil infrastructure facilities because precast elements allow rapid construction and high precision quality control. However, the quality inspection of precast concrete elements primarily relies on manual inspection, which is time consuming and error-prone. Recently, terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) has been used to improve quality inspection. The authors’ group has previously developed an automated dimension estimation technique for precast concrete elements, but its applicability is limited only to precast elements with rectangular shapes. This study advances our previous work so that the dimensions of precast elements with irregular shapes can also be automatically estimated. First, a density-based clustering algorithm is adopted to extract target objects from 3D point cloud data acquired by a TLS. Then, coarse registration is conducted to match each object extracted from the 3D point cloud with the asdesign objects in building information models (BIM) one by one. Thirdly, all point cloud data points are registered onto different surfaces of the as-designed objects in BIM through fine registration. Lastly, the as-built dimensions of the precast concrete element are extracted and compared with the as-design ones in BIM. The effectiveness and accuracy of the developed technique are examined using point cloud data obtained from a laboratory-scale precast concrete bridge deck panel.

In today’s architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry, building information modeling (BIM) technologies and practices are making a significant difference in how building projects are delivered. BIM models and tools let stakeholders visualize, simulate, and analyze how a building might behave, perform, or appear—with more precision than ever before. BIM technology and practices are not only improving design and construction processes by delivering projects faster, more cost effectively, and more sustainably, but are also helping BIM professionals by expanding career possibilities within the field. This paper identifies key personnel in AEC industry who are taking advantage of BIM technologies and practices and explains how BIM has enhanced their career paths. The study found that new processes of BIM enhance the careers of existing professionals and create new career paths for young professionals. Until recently, positions like BIM engineer/BIM manager did not exist, but now they ar...

Building Information Modeling (BIM) has been in use in the Hong Kong Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry as an Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tool for more than a decade. However, the increasing usage and rapid development in both the AEC industry and academia point to the potential multiple applications, impacts and much broader potential benefits that may be generated from BIM implementation. The current frequently used BIM applications have advanced the project performances levels and consequential benefits of relevant stakeholders in different dimensions.
\nHowever, BIM development in the Hong Kong industry has not been smooth. Attention has been diverted from potential benefits to the barriers and constraints that retard BIM implementation. This has in turn limited the applications, hence not convincing industry participants of their potential benefits in quantitative terms. Furthermore, conflicts between BIM implementation and the existing project processes also retard the smooth development of BIM. A higher level of collaborative working is required for deriving more benefits from BIM.
\nThis research aims to develop possible feasible solutions to reduce the conflicts/barriers in BIM implementation and advance current BIM implementation towards more collaborative and integrated working arrangements (IWAs), with expected broader potential benefits in the context of the Hong Kong industry. IWAs in this research refer to: a) organization structures, b) information exchange mechanisms, and c) project processes. 
\nAn inter-locking set of research methods were applied in this study to achieve the research goal. Literature reviews were conducted to extract and illustrate the basic concepts in BIM and lay the foundation for proposal development. Semi-structured interviews and a questionnaire survey were conducted to explore BIM implementation scenarios in the Hong Kong AEC industry. Two case studies helped to map out BIM implementation processes in real projects in Hong Kong. Finally, a focus group meeting was held to discuss, validate and improve the relevant research findings and improvement proposals. 
\nThe main outcomes of this research are the proposed short term IWAs and long term IWAs for optimizing overall potential benefits of BIM implementation. The proposed short term IWAs consist of specific measures for participants to address the barriers and conflicts in BIM implementation within existing project processes. The proposed long term IWAs are based on a conceptual framework and processes to build an integrated working environment for BIM. The outcomes of this research can help industry practitioners to overcome current barriers and derive more benefits from BIM by developing specific measures targeting the current scenarios, as well as provide possible directions for moving further forward in the long term. The research outcomes also offer relevant contributions to knowledge by proposing fresh concepts and approaches to creating and developing collaborative working environment for BIM implementation based on relevant principles and guidelines that are in turn derived from Relational Contracting (RC) frameworks.