Mobile SDNs: Associating End‐User Commands with Network Flows in Android Devices

Child mobile device use is increasingly prevalent, but research is limited by parent-report survey methods that may not capture the complex ways devices are used. We aimed to implement mobile device sampling, a set of novel methods for objectively measuring child mobile device use. We recruited 346 English-speaking parents and guardians of children aged 3 to 5 years to take part in a prospective cohort study of child media use. All interactions with participants were through e-mail, online surveys, and mobile device sampling; we used a passive-sensing application (Chronicle) in Android devices and screenshots of the battery feature in iOS devices. Baseline data were analyzed to describe usage behaviors and compare sampling output with parent-reported duration of use. The sample comprised 126 Android users (35 tablets, 91 smartphones) and 220 iOS users (143 tablets, 77 smartphones); 35.0% of children had their own device. The most commonly used applications were YouTube, YouTube Kids, Internet browser, quick search or Siri, and streaming video services. Average daily usage among the 121 children with their own device was 115.3 minutes/day (SD 115.1; range 0.20-632.5) and was similar between Android and iOS devices. Compared with mobile device sampling output, most parents underestimated (35.7%) or overestimated (34.8%) their child's use. Mobile device sampling is an unobtrusive and accurate method for assessing mobile device use. Parent-reported duration of mobile device use in young children has low accuracy, and use of objective measures is needed in future research.

Although cough peak flow (CPF) is an important measurement for evaluating the risk of cough dysfunction, some patients cannot use conventional measurement instruments, such as spirometers, because of the configurational burden of the instruments. Therefore, we previously developed a cough strength estimation method using cough sounds based on a simple acoustic and aerodynamic model. However, the previous model did not consider age or have a user interface for practical application. This study clarifies the cough strength prediction accuracy using an improved model in young and elderly participants. Additionally, a user interface for mobile devices was developed to record cough sounds and estimate cough strength using the proposed method. We then performed experiments on 33 young participants (21.3 ± 0.4 years) and 25 elderly participants (80.4 ± 6.1 years) to test the effect of age on the CPF estimation accuracy. The percentage error between the measured and estimated CPFs was approximately 6.19%. In addition, among the elderly participants, the current model improved the estimation accuracy of the previous model by a percentage error of approximately 6.5% (p < 0.001). Furthermore, Bland-Altman analysis demonstrated no systematic error between the measured and estimated CPFs. These results suggest that the developed device can be applied for daily CPF measurements in clinical practice.

Except for hardware design, the user interface of mobile devices creates the first impression for users. Mobile devices such as cellular phones are used to expose users' characters and preferences. Sounds, fonts, colors, and background images are used to reveal users' personalities. The demand for means of expressing one's character via mobile devices has been raised by advanced display technology, higher resolution and many more colors. Flash Lite of Adobe Systems, Inc and uiOne of Qualcomm, Inc reflect these requirements, and achieve good results. But Flash Lite and uiOne have weakness as other solutions do. Users cannot exceed the functionality that each user interface system provides. This paper introduces new downloadable user interface which overcomes the disadvantages of other solutions. The downloadable user interface includes multiple UI Engines which supports different types of user interface. The downloadable user interface has been deployed on the Linux based smartphone of ETRI.

Mobile devices, per definition, are supposed to assist in organizing all kinds of things, also tasks of course, because usually such devices are always at hands. But due to the very limited and time consuming possibilities to interact with such devices many fall back to other means to organize their life, like a simple pencil and paper.We developed a collaborative task repository that facilitates collaboration and teamwork, but on the other hand demands that all tasks have to be entered into that system. Therefore a smart and userfriendly interface to that repository is mandatory.This work presents concepts on how to improve the user interface of mobile devices so that capturing tasks on-the-go becomes feasible. We propose to move away from display driven user interfaces to more sophisticated interfaces that utilize all the sensors and actors of current mobile devices.

Mobile terminals like cellular phones and PDAs are a promising target platform for mobile advertising: The devices are widely spread, are able to present interactive multimedia content and offer as almost permanently carried along personal communication devices a high degree of reachability. But particular because of the latter feature it is important to pay great attention to privacy aspects and avoidance of spam-messages when designing an application for mobile advertising. Furthermore the limited user interface of mobile devices is a special challenge. The following article describes the solution approach for mobile advertising developed within the project MoMa, which was funded by the Federal Ministry of Economics and Labour of Germany (BMWA). MoMa enables highly personalized and context sensitive mobile advertising while guaranteeing data protection. To achieve this we have to distinguish public and private context information.

The growing number of Spanish speakers in the United States poses communication challenges for healthcare providers. Language barriers in pediatric acute care have been associated with an increased risk for adverse events, longer hospital stays, and decreased quality of care. In addition, clinicians' usage of interpreter services is inconsistent. In fact, nurses often lack interpreter support during daily bedside care. Nursing staff at a pediatric children's hospital in the southeastern United States identified bedside communication with Spanish-speaking patients and families as a clinical challenge. To address this challenge, a basic communication interface, UTalk version 1.0 (the author is the owner and proprietor), supported by an Apple iPad, was developed by the researcher with input from nursing staff, a certified medical interpreter, and Spanish-speaking community members. A feasibility pilot study of the interface's usability and engagement was conducted on the hospital's pediatric medical-surgical unit through qualitative interviews with nurse-family dyads. Three themes emerged from the data: UTalk-facilitated communication, UTalk needs improvement, and interpreter miscommunication. These findings indicate that a mobile digital device interface is a feasible method for augmenting bedside communication with Spanish-speaking patients and families. These results also may serve as a reference for the development of similar mobile device interfaces. Further research with a larger sample size is needed.

El objetivo del artículo es mostrar cómo se diseñó-construyó un prototipo de sistema para automatizar el riego y sus procesos, así como determinar momentos y cantidades de agua para árboles de cacao, controlado desde internet mediante una interfaz para dispositivos móviles y computador personal (PC). Se utilizó la ecuación de Hargreaves-Samani (HS). El diseño consta de sensores de clima y humedad del suelo en tiempo real. El servidor es el encargado de realizar los diferentes cálculos e implementar la lógica que permite decidir cuánto y cuándo regar. El usuario interactúa con el sistema mediante la interfaz web, lo que le permite ver toda la información en tiempo real a través cualquier celular inteligente o PC y hacer modificaciones. En conclusión, se mostró que la fórmula de HS se puede utilizar con resultados adecuados para el cálculo de la lámina de riego y que el sistema proporciona al cultivo los requerimientos hídricos de manera adecuada y oportuna.

With the expansion of applications of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), maintaining the security of flight ad hoc networks (FANETs) attracts scholars' attention. However, features of FANETs, which are different from other Ad Hoc networks, increase the difficulty of security defense. Intrusion detection system (IDS) is a representative of common passive defense, which detects malicious nodes in FANETs by analyzing behaviors of nodes. From the perspective of information security, attacks can be divided into confidentiality attack, integrity attack, and availability attack. Among them, integrity attack is the most frequently occurring attacks, so picking it as the basis of classification, all IDSs can be divided into three types: (1) IDS based on integrity attacks, (2) IDS based on integrity and availability attacks, and (3) IDS based on integrity, availability, and confidentiality attacks. For each type, this chapter lists some typical IDSs, 11 in total, and elaborates on their detection mechanisms. Then, from the dimensions of time, scenario, technology, and attacks, these IDSs are compared comprehensively. Finally, to figure out an effective IDS could consider which indicators, this chapter summarizes the metrics that are adopted to evaluate the performance of IDSs.

Nigeria today is rife with occurrences of intruders breaking into homes at every slight opportunity. The topic of security is quite important; hence this paper presents the development and implementation of a Smart Intruder Detection System utilizing the ESP32-CAM board, the Vibrometer and the ATMega328P microcontroller to enhance lighting, security, and surveillance functionalities. The ESP32-CAM serves as the central control unit, leveraging its built-in Wi-Fi and camera capabilities, while communicating with the ATMega328P microcontroller responsible for managing lighting, security, and surveillance components. The Vibrometer adds a vital layer of security by detecting vibrations associated with forced entry attempts. Upon sensing significant vibrations, the Vibrometer triggers the ESP32-CAM to start an immediate recording of potential intrusions. In the realm of lighting control, the ATMega328P regulates diverse light sources such as LEDs and smart bulbs. The ESP32-CAM facilitates a user-friendly experience, enabling seamless control and automation of the lighting system through a dedicated mobile application or voice commands. For surveillance purposes, the ESP32-CAM captures real-time video, streaming it to the user's mobile device or a centralized monitoring station. The ATMega328P contributes to the system's intelligence by supporting motion detection algorithms, which, in turn, trigger automated alerts and activate lighting or alarm systems in response to detected movement. The precision performance of the components was carried out and the average precision for all the components was 95%. The synergistic integration of the ESP32-CAM board and ATMega328P microcontroller results in a cohesive and intelligent smart home automation solution.

Mobile health or better known as m-health is the use of mobile devices for medical practices. M-health technology involving mobile telecommunications infrastructure in providing medical services to patients. Mobile technology has developed very rapidly, where the cost of mobile devices getting cheaper, so that mobile devices become an essential tool of communication and information technology. Android devices is a major preoccupation in the development of the general computing world. Android is a comprehensive device, because Android based Linux operating system that has the ability to regulate the use of the device, memory and process. The device is designed to measure oximetry and blood pressure. Communication between the device and a mobile phone using Bluetooth communication is embedded in a mobile phone that uses the Android operating system 2.3.3. The function of this mobile phone to display the data after the measurement, the transmit data that has been measured by SMS, e-mail and a local database. The device is designed to be used personally or to support the use of the hospital.

Following the numerous attacks that exploited vulnerabilities of Controller Area Networks (CAN), intrusion detection systems have become a topic of prime importance for in-vehicle buses. Newer in-vehicle communication layers, such as CAN-FD, despite the larger payloads which can easily integrate cryptographic elements, need similar attention. But detecting intrusions may call for demanding algorithms that are not computationally cheap while timely detection is necessary in order to process frames in real-time and take the appropriate actions. In this work we evaluate the performance of several binary classifiers on traditional in-vehicle Electronic Control Units (ECUs) and compare them to modern Android devices which have become widespread inside cars with the adoption of Android-capable infotainment systems. Needless to say, these modern devices benefit from higher computational and memory resources while cloud connectivity may alleviate computational costs even further. Contrasting between traditional controllers and Android devices has become necessary and so far there have been little efforts in this direction. To create a realistic testbed, we use collected in-vehicle CAN bus traffic from an SUV as well as more demanding logs from Advanced Driver-assistance Systems (ADAS) implemented on CAN-FD which we augment with adversarial activity.

As network attacks have increased in number and severity over the past few years, intrusion detection systems have become a necessary addition to the security infrastructure of most organizations. From a security perspective, firewalls and SSL offer little protection. Web traffic often contains attacks such as cross-site scripting and SQL injection that enter through port 80 and are not blocked by the firewall. Among the Web applications HTTP holds the majority share of the traffic transported through Web. In this paper, implementation of an application level IDS has been presented which uses combination of pattern matching and protocol analysis approaches. The first method of detection relies on a multi pattern matching within the protocol fields, the second one provides an efficient decision tree adaptive to the application traffic characteristics to limit the number of patterns to be checked. The proposed IDS can be effectively implemented in a high performance semantic processor

Comparing Phoneme Speech Recordings and Acoustic App Data Capture Experience for Android and iOS Mobile Device Users in the Large Decentralized AcRIS Study.

This paper shows remote experimentation using mobile technology for didactic purposes. Students using WiFi-enabled mobile devices, such as smartphones, tablets or PDAs can interact with physical laboratory hardware. Through a mobile device interface, in real time the user can verify what's happening on laboratory hardware when they change the system parameters. Additionally, the application provides the students a tool for taking advantage of their spare time at the University. Students can perform the lab practices even when the lab facilities are closed. All user activities are stored in a database for later analysis carry out by the professor. Also, students can store their experiments when is finished in order to make an off-line result analysis.

The goal of this study was to examine the role of older adults’ demographic, socio-economic, and health background in their perceptions of health-related mobile device usefulness. This examination was performed through the prism of the social stratification and the social diversification hypotheses. Data were obtained from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) 5 Cycle 4 and analyzed using logistic regression models. The sample included 1373 U.S. mobile device owners aged 60 years and older. An interaction between age (being 75 years old or older) and race (self-affiliation with White race) was found with respect to the perception of usefulness of mobile devices for achieving health-related goal and patient–provider communication. Being married, female gender, self-rated health, and hypertension diagnosis positively related to the perception of usefulness for achieving health-related goal. Being diagnosed with mental health disorder positively related to the perception of usefulness for health decision-making and patient–provider communication. Education and income levels also demonstrated several associations with the dependent variables. The findings mostly supported the third-level digital divide perspective and both theoretical hypotheses. The findings imply that some groups of older adults tend to benefit more than others from health-related mobile device use.