Remote Experimentation Using Mobile Technology

Mobile devices pose several distinct challenges from a security perspective. First, they have varied and ephemeral network connections, often using a cellular provider network as a backup option when connectivity is not available via wireless local access networks. This varied network connectivity makes it difficult to comprehensively deploy in‐network solutions, such as firewalls or intrusion detection systems, since they would have to be active in every network the device would use. Second, with personally owned devices, the device owner may have security goals and privacy priorities that are distinct from organizations that provide connectivity or data assets, such as employers or schools. These complex relationships may complicate efforts to protect the devices. This paper explores a technique that runs on the mobile device endpoints to learn about the usage patterns associated with the device, in order to enforce network policy. We explore sensors that examine the mobile device's user interface, using physical inputs via finger taps, and that link them with the network activity on the device. We incorporate with allow‐list policies that can be provided by organizations to make on‐device access control decisions. Using IP address and DNS host name allow‐lists as a baseline, we explore the accuracy of interface‐aware allow‐lists. We find the interface‐aware allow‐lists can reach over 98.5% accuracy, even when user‐specified destinations are used, greatly exceeding the baseline accuracy. Our performance evaluation indicates our approach introduces a median of 3.87 ms of overall delay with low CPU usage.

Introduction: The introduction of Clinical Information Systems (CIS) to manage and store patient information has deeply modified the workflow of caregivers. As the information is no longer stored on a physical medium, caregivers depend on the presence of a computer to access patient data. This constraint has built up an invisible barrier between the source of information and the place of its use. The popularisation of mobile devices offers an oportunity to break this barrier by providing a ubiquitous access to information. The use of a mobile platform merges the advantages of a modern CIS and the mobility offered by paper. We have developed an application on a mobile device that nurses can carry along on all their visits. It allows the information gathered during their visits to be entered directly into the system. Method: The tool we present aims to manage the daily interventions of nurses. The interventions concern all kinds of treatments provided by nurses to patients. In the current organisation, nurses start their day by printing out all the daily interventions and use it as a procedure to follow. Every time a nurse performs an intervention, she takes a note indicating that the task has been done properly. When they have some spare time, nurses enter all the gathered information in the CIS. Once nurses are equipped with mobile devices, paper becomes useless. Consequently, the process is simplified. Replacing the paper by a mobile device application is not straightforward. In order to access patient information, the tool must be linked to the existing CIS of the hospital without creating too strong dependencies. Moreover, the mobile interface must be adapted to the specificities of the mobile device such as a smaller display size, a reduced computational power, a tactile-based interaction and a real-time usage. Results: In order to link the mobile application to the existing CIS, we relied on a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA). It was mandatory to think of a software architecture that would not create a dependency with any legacy system. Thus, we defined a gateway server providing centralised access for the mobile application to any required information to or from the CIS. Integrating any mobile application would only require integrating this bridge. The gateway server also clearly separates the services that are available remotely from the ones proposed as usual Web services. The developed application not only allows the validation of the interventions and the input of measures, but it also offers a simple way to define the context in which nurses are working. This context is necessary to identify the specific list of interventions for the patients under the caregiver’s responsibility. The current CIS of the HUG includes a module that provides information concerning the interventions. Its interface is adjusted for a personal computer screen. Since caregivers are accustomed to this organisation of the information, we aimed to develop an interface on a mobile device that guarantees a certain level of homogeneity with the existing PC application. However, a mobile device’s screen is of limited size, therefore the interface has been completely rebuilt to be adapted to the new display. To deal with the limited display size, we rely on hierarchy and indexicality principles. For instance, based on the hypothesis that all tasks belonging to one category and planned at the same time can be regrouped under a single item; we regroup the interventions of similar top level in a common item. Moreover, to minimise user manipulations, relevant items are automatically moved to the top. Conclusion: The current daily workflow of nurses cannot be managed consistently using a unique tool. The need to switch from paper to computer induces work overload and is a source of errors. Therefore, we have developed a program running on a mobile device that nurses can carry during their visits. This program allows to manage nurses' daily interventions in real-time. The development of such a tool has required a complete reconstruction of the classical personal computer interface. This new interface takes into account a smaller display size, an innovative interaction paradigm, and real-time constraints.

Mobile devices, per definition, are supposed to assist in organizing all kinds of things, also tasks of course, because usually such devices are always at hands. But due to the very limited and time consuming possibilities to interact with such devices many fall back to other means to organize their life, like a simple pencil and paper.We developed a collaborative task repository that facilitates collaboration and teamwork, but on the other hand demands that all tasks have to be entered into that system. Therefore a smart and userfriendly interface to that repository is mandatory.This work presents concepts on how to improve the user interface of mobile devices so that capturing tasks on-the-go becomes feasible. We propose to move away from display driven user interfaces to more sophisticated interfaces that utilize all the sensors and actors of current mobile devices.

The growing number of Spanish speakers in the United States poses communication challenges for healthcare providers. Language barriers in pediatric acute care have been associated with an increased risk for adverse events, longer hospital stays, and decreased quality of care. In addition, clinicians' usage of interpreter services is inconsistent. In fact, nurses often lack interpreter support during daily bedside care. Nursing staff at a pediatric children's hospital in the southeastern United States identified bedside communication with Spanish-speaking patients and families as a clinical challenge. To address this challenge, a basic communication interface, UTalk version 1.0 (the author is the owner and proprietor), supported by an Apple iPad, was developed by the researcher with input from nursing staff, a certified medical interpreter, and Spanish-speaking community members. A feasibility pilot study of the interface's usability and engagement was conducted on the hospital's pediatric medical-surgical unit through qualitative interviews with nurse-family dyads. Three themes emerged from the data: UTalk-facilitated communication, UTalk needs improvement, and interpreter miscommunication. These findings indicate that a mobile digital device interface is a feasible method for augmenting bedside communication with Spanish-speaking patients and families. These results also may serve as a reference for the development of similar mobile device interfaces. Further research with a larger sample size is needed.

Except for hardware design, the user interface of mobile devices creates the first impression for users. Mobile devices such as cellular phones are used to expose users' characters and preferences. Sounds, fonts, colors, and background images are used to reveal users' personalities. The demand for means of expressing one's character via mobile devices has been raised by advanced display technology, higher resolution and many more colors. Flash Lite of Adobe Systems, Inc and uiOne of Qualcomm, Inc reflect these requirements, and achieve good results. But Flash Lite and uiOne have weakness as other solutions do. Users cannot exceed the functionality that each user interface system provides. This paper introduces new downloadable user interface which overcomes the disadvantages of other solutions. The downloadable user interface includes multiple UI Engines which supports different types of user interface. The downloadable user interface has been deployed on the Linux based smartphone of ETRI.

Although cough peak flow (CPF) is an important measurement for evaluating the risk of cough dysfunction, some patients cannot use conventional measurement instruments, such as spirometers, because of the configurational burden of the instruments. Therefore, we previously developed a cough strength estimation method using cough sounds based on a simple acoustic and aerodynamic model. However, the previous model did not consider age or have a user interface for practical application. This study clarifies the cough strength prediction accuracy using an improved model in young and elderly participants. Additionally, a user interface for mobile devices was developed to record cough sounds and estimate cough strength using the proposed method. We then performed experiments on 33 young participants (21.3 ± 0.4 years) and 25 elderly participants (80.4 ± 6.1 years) to test the effect of age on the CPF estimation accuracy. The percentage error between the measured and estimated CPFs was approximately 6.19%. In addition, among the elderly participants, the current model improved the estimation accuracy of the previous model by a percentage error of approximately 6.5% (p < 0.001). Furthermore, Bland-Altman analysis demonstrated no systematic error between the measured and estimated CPFs. These results suggest that the developed device can be applied for daily CPF measurements in clinical practice.

Mobile terminals like cellular phones and PDAs are a promising target platform for mobile advertising: The devices are widely spread, are able to present interactive multimedia content and offer as almost permanently carried along personal communication devices a high degree of reachability. But particular because of the latter feature it is important to pay great attention to privacy aspects and avoidance of spam-messages when designing an application for mobile advertising. Furthermore the limited user interface of mobile devices is a special challenge. The following article describes the solution approach for mobile advertising developed within the project MoMa, which was funded by the Federal Ministry of Economics and Labour of Germany (BMWA). MoMa enables highly personalized and context sensitive mobile advertising while guaranteeing data protection. To achieve this we have to distinguish public and private context information.

The popularity of hand-held mobile devices, such as personal digital assistants (PDA) and smart cell phones, is growing. Compared with traditional desktop computers, these mobile devices have distinct limitations, including tiny displays, scarce computing hardware resources, bandwidth fluctuations, ad-hoc communications, voluntary, and involuntary disconnections, etc., presenting new challenges to human-computer interaction on mobile devices. In this paper, we survey research efforts done on mobile device user interface design. Some recently developed techniques for diverse information presentation via visual, audio, and tactile channels are reported. We also brief on our experiences in virtually presenting database query results on PDAs, including both presentation style and presentation content.

El objetivo del artículo es mostrar cómo se diseñó-construyó un prototipo de sistema para automatizar el riego y sus procesos, así como determinar momentos y cantidades de agua para árboles de cacao, controlado desde internet mediante una interfaz para dispositivos móviles y computador personal (PC). Se utilizó la ecuación de Hargreaves-Samani (HS). El diseño consta de sensores de clima y humedad del suelo en tiempo real. El servidor es el encargado de realizar los diferentes cálculos e implementar la lógica que permite decidir cuánto y cuándo regar. El usuario interactúa con el sistema mediante la interfaz web, lo que le permite ver toda la información en tiempo real a través cualquier celular inteligente o PC y hacer modificaciones. En conclusión, se mostró que la fórmula de HS se puede utilizar con resultados adecuados para el cálculo de la lámina de riego y que el sistema proporciona al cultivo los requerimientos hídricos de manera adecuada y oportuna.

Designing A Hyperlink-based User Interface for Mobile Devices

Psychometric modeling of the pervasive use of Facebook through psychophysiological measures: Stress or optimal experience?

Today, an increasing amount of trades would be improving these new skills of internet and smart technology as the main tool to promote their products and services. Increasing the skill and ability both to attract the new consumers of young and elder in smart business context is an important challenge for trade managers and has described their considerable attention from the academic groups. More recently, driven by advance developments in Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs) and Mixed-Reality (MR) technologies, Virtual-Reality (VR), and Augmented-Reality (AR), embodied devices, sensors, mobile terminal device, microchip design, power efficiency and more broadly the Internet of Things (IoT), the chance to remotely connect to physical and virtual objects, mobile devices and products would have given rise to the appearance of smart technologies and smart services. Therefore, these businesses directors imminently want to realize the connections with consumer motivation, trust, security risk and the behavioral intention of consumer in requirement of user's utilizing smart technologies, in order to capture a crucial chance from now on smart trade proliferation to find those possible users, The primary concern in this article would be to understand the need and inspect these influences of sensing on perceived value, consumer's reputation, trust and to employ the smart technology of user behavioral intention. Next, the questionnaire would be made complete by online investigation proof ( $N=92$ ) collected from those active users who would have attended in using smart technologies. Thus, analyzed results with confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling would be also used, applying the SmartPLS 2.0, to certify if these questionnaire proofs would get proper to research model. Lastly, these outcomes would apply the evidence that perceived value, consumer's reputation and trust all could affect behavioral intention to employ smart technologies. All these consequences of the article with significances for practice and theory could be more cared enough to keep in mind, too.

The number of older adults using technology is steadily increasing. However, this group of users has faced a variety of user interface (UI) usability issues due to various and multiple age-related limitations they have. Four different strategies designed to solve the usability issues older adults have while interacting with user interfaces were analyzed. When placed in a context of mobile interfaces for older adults, Universal Design (UD), Design for Aging, Universal Usability (UU), and Guidelines for handheld mobile device interface design were not found sufficiently complete and inclusive to meet the usability needs of older adults. There is a need to address these usability needs and reconcile inconsistencies between the four strategies. The purpose of this research study was to develop a robust, integrative set of design guidelines based on the four design strategies to ensure usability of mobile devices by older adults. An example of the application of the guidelines to the mobile interface is presented in the paper.

The critical need for higher power efficiency and bandwidth transceiver design has significantly increased as mobile devices, such as smart phones, laptops, tablets, and ultra-portable personal digital assistants continue to be constructed using heterogeneous intellectual properties such as central processing units (CPUs), graphics processing units (GPUs), digital signal processors, dynamic random-access memories (DRAMs), sensors, and graphics/image processing units and to have enhanced graphic computing and video processing capabilities. However, the current mobile interface technologies which support CPU to memory communication (e.g. baseband-only signaling) have critical limitations, particularly super-linear energy consumption, limited bandwidth, and non-reconfigurable data access. As a consequence, there is a critical need to improve both energy efficiency and bandwidth for future mobile devices.;The primary goal of this study is to design an energy-efficient reconfigurable mobile memory interface for mobile computing systems in order to dramatically enhance the circuit and system bandwidth and power efficiency. The proposed energy efficient mobile memory interface which utilizes an advanced base-band (BB) signaling and a RF-band signaling is capable of simultaneous bi-directional communication and reconfigurable data access. It also increases power efficiency and bandwidth between mobile CPUs and memory subsystems on a single-ended shared transmission line. Moreover, due to multiple data communication on a single-ended shared transmission line, the number of transmission lines between mobile CPU and memories is considerably reduced, resulting in significant technological innovations, (e.g. more compact devices and low cost packaging to mobile communication interface) and establishing the principles and feasibility of technologies for future mobile system applications. The operation and performance of the proposed transceiver are analyzed and its circuit implementation is discussed in details. A chip prototype of the transceiver was implemented in a 65nm CMOS process technology. In the measurement, the transceiver exhibits higher aggregate data throughput and better energy efficiency compared to prior works.

Digital devices and online services are increasingly embedded within our everyday lives. The growth in usage of these technologies has implications for environmental sustainability due to the energy demand from the underlying Internet infrastructure (e.g. communication networks, data centres). Energy efficiencies in the infrastructure are important, but they are made inconsequential by the sheer growth in the demand for data. We need to transition users’ Internet-connected practices and adapt HumanComputer Interaction (HCI) design in less demanding and more sustainable directions. Yet it’s not clear what the most data demanding devices and online activities are in users’ lives, and how this demand can be intervened with most effectively through HCI design. In this thesis, the issue of Internet demand is explored—uncovering how it is embedded into digital devices, online services and users’ everyday practices. Specifically, I conduct a series of experiments to understand Internet demand on mobile devices and in the home, involving: a large-scale quantitative analysis of 398 mobile devices; and a mixed-methods study involving month-long home router logging and interviews with 20 participants (nine households). Through these studies, I provide an in-depth understanding of how digital activities in users’ lives augment Internet demand (particularly through the practice of watching), and outline the roles for the HCI community and broader stakeholders (policy makers, businesses) in curtailing this demand. I then juxtapose these formative studies with design workshops involving 13 participants; these discover how we can reduce Internet demand in ways that users may accept or even want. From this, I provide specific design recommendations for the HCI community aiming to alleviate the issue of Internet growth for concerns of sustainability, as well as holistically mitigate the negative impacts that digital devices and online services can create in users’ lives.