Modeling physical systems by complex structural objects and complex functional objects

In this paper, a scaled measurement system designed for wireless channel characterization is proposed and discussed, and experimental results are reported. The system consists of a vector network analyzer, miniaturized W-band transmitter and receiver probes, scaled buildings, and a precise computer-controlled positioner. The scaled propagation measurement system is designed to operate coherently at the 90.8-92.8-GHz band, and it provides a dynamic range of 85 dB. As the measurement wavelength in this system (/spl cong/3 mm) is approximately two orders of magnitude smaller than the actual wavelength in most commercial and military wireless systems, a typical dimension of the propagation environment can be smaller than the actual environment proportionally. Hence, propagation measurements can be done very efficiently under laboratory conditions using a scaled model of a city block. This system is intended for verifying the results of wave-propagation prediction software. It can also be used to investigate scattering models for different types of buildings and complex objects, data collection for wireless communication, and many other studies such as diversity methods (frequency and polarization).

This paper proposes a design method and parameter tuning method for how only using the DCS configuration control software module to combine and achieve generalized predictive control algorithm in a complicated controlled plant case. In order to show the effectiveness of the control algorithm using the DCS layer control software module to achieve model predictive, two types of complex objects are considered as example to do simulation : non-minimum phase process and the complex process with recycling and pure delay. The simulation results show that the proposed control algorithm can provide similar control performance of GPC.

In many non trivial application domains, object types with a complex structure occur. Data modelling techniques which only allow flat structures are not suitable for representing such complex object types. In this paper a general data modelling technique, the Predicator Set Model, is introduced, which is capable of representing complex structures in a natural way.

<p>Modern computing technology enters the era of parallel computing with the trend of sustainable and scalable parallelism. Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) is an important way to go along with the trend. It is able to gather more and more computing ability by increasing the number of processor cores without the need of modifying the program. Meanwhile, in the field of scientific computing and engineering design, many computation intensive applications are facing the challenge of increasingly large amount of data. Data parallel computing will be an important way to further improve the performance of these applications. In this paper, we take the accurate collision detection in building information modeling as an example. We demonstrate a model for constructing a data parallel algorithm. According to the model, a complex object is decomposed into the sets of simple objects; collision detection among complex objects is converted into those among simple objects. The resulting algorithm is a typical SIMD algorithm, and its advantages in parallelism and scalability is unparalleled in respect to the traditional algorithms.</p>

We discuss the integration of functions, types, complex objects and negation in a rule-based system, using the fixpoint semantics. This extension of Datalog is called MilAnt. The rules, the predicates and the functions are typed with complex objects. Functions can be defined to have a result of an arbitrary complex object type. MilAnt consistency is defined as a stronger form of consistency for functions and an algorithm is given to detect the MilAnt consistency in the non-recursive case. To this end, we use a mixture of dependencies that are local to a rule and dependencies that are global for the whole program.

Region adjacency and its application to object detection

The properties of objects, such as shape, influence the way we grasp them. To quantify the role of different brain regions during grasping, it is necessary to disentangle the processing of visual dimensions related to object properties from the motor aspects related to the specific hand configuration. We orthogonally varied object properties (shape, size, and elongation) and task (passive viewing, precision grip with two or five digits, or coarse grip with five digits) and used representational similarity analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging data to infer the representation of object properties and hand configuration in the human brain. We found that object elongation is the most strongly represented object feature during grasping and is coded preferentially in the primary visual cortex as well as the anterior and posterior superior-parieto-occipital cortex. By contrast, primary somatosensory, motor, and ventral premotor cortices coded preferentially the number of digits while ventral-stream and dorsal-stream regions coded a mix of visual and motor dimensions. The representation of object features varied with task modality, as object elongation was less relevant during passive viewing than grasping. To summarize, this study shows that elongation is a particularly relevant property of the object to grasp, which along with the number of digits used, is represented within both ventral-stream and parietal regions, suggesting that communication between the two streams about these specific visual and motor dimensions might be relevant to the execution of efficient grasping actions. To grasp something, the visual properties of an object guide preshaping of the hand into the appropriate configuration. Different grips can be used, and different objects require different hand configurations. However, in natural actions, grip and object type are often confounded, and the few experiments that have attempted to separate them have produced conflicting results. As such, it is unclear how visual and motor properties are represented across brain regions during grasping. Here we orthogonally manipulated object properties and grip, and revealed the visual dimension (object elongation) and the motor dimension (number of digits) that are more strongly coded in ventral and dorsal streams. These results suggest that both streams play a role in the visuomotor coding essential for grasping.

OdeView is the graphical front end for Ode, an object-oriented database system and environment. Ode's data model supports data encapsulation, type inheritance, and complex objects. OdeView provides facilities for examining the database schema (i.e., the object type or class hierarchy), examining class definitions, browsing objects, following chains of references starting from an object, synchronized browsing, displaying selected portions of objects (projection), and retrieving objects with specific characteristics (selection). OdeView does not need to know about the internals of Ode objects. Consequently, the internals of specific classes are not hardwired into OdeView and new classes can be added to the Ode database without requiring any changes to or recompilation of OdeView. Just as OdeView does not know about the object internals, class functions (methods) for displaying objects are written without knowing about the specifics of the windowing software used by OdeView or the graphical user interface provided by it. In this paper, we present OdeView, and discuss its design and implementation.

This article presents a novel user‐oriented interface for generalised informetric analysis and demonstrates how informetric calculations can easily and declaratively be specified through advanced data modelling techniques. The interface is declarative and at a high level. Therefore it is easy to use, flexible and extensible. It enables end users to perform basic informetric ad hoc calculations easily and often with much less effort than in contemporary online retrieval systems. It also provides several fruitful generalisations of typical informetric measurements like impact factors. These are based on substituting traditional foci of analysis, for instance journals, by other object types, such as authors, organisations or countries. In the interface, bibliographic data are modelled as complex objects (non‐first normal form relations) and terminological and citation networks involving transitive relationships are modelled as binary relations for deductive processing. The interface is flexible, because it makes it easy to switch focus between various object types for informetric calculations, e.g. from authors to institutions. Moreover, it is demonstrated that all informetric data can easily be broken down by criteria that foster advanced analysis, e.g. by years or content‐bearing attributes. Such modelling allows flexible data aggregation along many dimensions. These salient features emerge from the query interface‘s general data restructuring and aggregation capabilities combined with transitive processing capabilities. The features are illustrated by means of sample queries and results in the article.

Animals are increasingly exposed to novel environmental conditions because of human activities. An organism's ability to cope with these challenges is critical to its survival. The decision of whether or not an animal should investigate environmental changes involves a trade‐off between the risk and the potential benefit of a novel resource. Novelty often elicits approach (exploratory) as well as avoidance behaviour in animals, and the extent of each of these behaviours may influence learning about the environment. We formulated and tested several hypotheses to determine how external factors (complexity of a novel stimulus) and internal factors (experience with objects) might influence exploration latencies to touch a novel object based on either cost or benefit considerations. Garden warblers were confronted with a simple and a complex novel object in their familiar cages, and latencies until first touch were measured. Additionally, corticosterone levels before and after the experiment were measured to assess whether differences in baseline levels might explain variations in latency to approach and whether presentation of novel objects is stressful. The complex object was touched significantly later than the simple object. Experienced birds investigated both types of objects later than inexperienced birds. Although birds showed marked approach–avoidance behaviour with the complex object, none of the objects elicited a corticosterone stress response. The results indicate that garden warblers consider both costs and benefits when exploring novel objects, and that the relative influence of costs and benefits varies with external and internal factors.

Based on the Z-Depth buffer and occlusion query functions of OpenGL hardware graphics accelerator, a new approach is presented, by which the valid radiative facets of complex objects can be found out exactly and quickly, through rendering the object twice. Combining the new approach with the Light of Sight method which is used for radiation transfer calculation, the radiative properties calculation model is constructed. Then the radiative properties of typical complex objects are obtained with the new model.KeywordsRadiative TransferComplex ObjectRadiative PropertySpectral RadiationRadiative Transfer EquationThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

\n Aims. By means of optical integral field spectroscopy observations, we aim to differentiate and characterize the starburst component in the blue compact dwarf (BCD) galaxy Mrk 1418. In particular we propose to study the stellar and ionized gas morphology, to investigate the ionization mechanism(s) acting in the interstellar medium, and to derive the physical parameters and abundances of\nthe ionized gas.\n Methods. Integral field spectroscopy observations of Mrk 1418 were carried out with the Potsdam multi-aperture spectrophotometer (PMAS) at the 3.5 m telescope at Calar Alto Observatory. The central 16″$\\times$16″ (1.14 $\\times$ 1.14 kpc2 at the distance of Mrk 1418) were mapped with a spatial sampling of 1″; we took data in the 3590-6996 Å spectral range, with a linear dispersion of 3.2 Å per pixel. The seeing was about 1$\\farcs$5.\nFrom these data we built maps of the most prominent emission lines, namely [O <sc>ii</sc>], Hβ, [O <sc>iii</sc>], Hα, [N <sc>ii</sc>], and [S <sc>ii</sc>], as well as of several continuum bands,\nplus maps of the main line ratios: [O <sc>iii</sc>]/Hβ, [N <sc>ii</sc>]/Hα, [S <sc>ii</sc>]/Hα, and Hα/Hβ, and derived the physical parameters and gaseous metal abundances of the different star-forming regions detected in the field of view.\n Results. Mrk 1418 shows a distorted morphology both in the continuum and in the ionized gas maps; the current star- formation episode is taking place in five knots, distributed around the nucleus of the galaxy. The interstellar medium surrounding these knots is photo-ionized by stars, with no clear evidence for other excitation mechanisms. The galaxy displays an inhomogeneous dust distribution, with the high Hα/Hβ ratio in the central areas indicating a large amount of dust. The oxygen abundances derived for the individual star-forming knots are very similar, suggesting that the ionized interstellar medium is chemically homogeneous in O/H over spatial scales of hundreds of \nparsecs. This abundance (Z ≈ 0.4 $Z_{\\odot}$ from the empirical calibrations) places Mrk 1418 among the high metallicity BCD group.\n Conclusions. These findings show the advantages of IFS when investigating the properties of such complex objects as BCDs, with an asymmetric star-forming component. Only a bidimensional mapping of their central regions allows approaching such questions as the star formation processes in BCDs, the star-forming history of the individual starburst knots, or the abundance gradients.\n

Hive is the most mature and prevalent data warehouse tool providing SQL-like interface in the Hadoop ecosystem. It is successfully used in many Internet companies and shows its value for big data processing in traditional industries. However, enterprise big data processing systems as in Smart Grid applications usually require complicated business logics and involve many data manipulation operations like updates and deletes. Hive cannot offer sufficient support for these while preserving high query performance. Hive using the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) for storage cannot implement data manipulation efficiently and Hive on HBase suffers from poor query performance even though it can support faster data manipulation.There is a project based on Hive issue Hive-5317 to support update operations, but it has not been finished in Hive's latest version. Since this ACID compliant extension adopts same data storage format on HDFS, the update performance problem is not solved. In this paper, we propose a hybrid storage model called DualTable, which combines the efficient streaming reads of HDFS and the random write capability of HBase. Hive on DualTable provides better data manipulation support and preserves query performance at the same time. Experiments on a TPC-H data set and on a real smart grid data set show that Hive on DualTable is up to 10 times faster than Hive when executing update and delete operations.

A characteristic feature of complex technical objects for special purposes is the presence in their composition of a large number (tens, hundreds of thousands) of different types component parts that have different levels of reliability, different patterns of their wear and tear processes. This feature requires a more subtle approach to the organization and planning maintenance in the course of their operation. The problem is that in the development of such facilities, all issues related to maintainability and maintenance should be addressed already at the early stages of facility design. If you do not provide in advance the necessary hardware and software for the built-in monitoring of the technical condition (TC) of the facility, do not develop and “build” the maintenance technology into facility, then it will not be possible to realize in the future a possible gain in the reliability of the facility due to maintenance. Since all these issues must be resolved at the stage of object creation (when object does not yet exist), mathematical models of the maintenance process are needed, with the help of which it would be possible to calculate the possible gain in the level of reliability facility due to maintenance, estimate the cost costs required for this. Then, based on such calculations, make a decision on the need for maintenance given type of objects and, if such a decision is made, develop the structure of the maintenance system, choose the most acceptable maintenance strategy, and determine its optimal parameters. The paper shows that the model for the regulated maintenance strategy is an improved version of the already known models and is introduced into the complex model for the purpose of comparative assessment of various maintenance strategies. In addition, it should be borne in mind that in practice, some cases, a regulated maintenance strategy may be preferable to MCC strategies.

It is important to provide long-term preservation of digital data even when those data are stored in an unreliable system such as a filesystem, a legacy database, or even the World Wide Web. In this paper we focus on the problem of archiving the contents of a Web site without disrupting users who maintain the site. We propose an archival storage system, the InfoMonitor, in which a reliable archive is integrated with an unmodified existing store. Implementing such a system presents various challenges related to the mismatch of features between the components such as differences in naming and data manipulation operations. We examine each of these issues as well as solutions for the conflicts that arise. We also discuss our experience using the InfoMonitor to archive the Stanford Database Group's Web site.