Multiobjective Zone TP Reduction Analyses for an Off-Stream Reservoir

Phosphorus loads from agricultural non-point source pollution (NPSP) significantly degrade reservoir water quality, making adequate control of agricultural NPSP necessary for improving the water quality. Controlling NPSP is generally accomplished using various Best Management Practices (BMPs). The present study applies the Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution (AGNPS) model to simulate NPSP loading and BMP efficiencies and establishes an enhanced multiobjective mixed-integer programming model for NPSP control strategy analyses based on these results. Cost, phosphorus load, sediment load and equity are the four major objectives considered. A case study for the Posan reservoir is presented. Four commonly proposed and applicable BMPs are chosen. Non-inferior solutions obtained using the constraint method and trade-off relationships among different control objectives are described and discussed. Compared with a previously proposed fertilizer control model, results show that the model established herein is more cost-effective and achieves better phosphorus and sediment loading reduction and equity goals. Furthermore, the current model is expected to facilitate decision-making analysis for development of an appropriate cost-sharing program to encourage adoption of appropriate BMPs by farmers.

Multiobjective linear programming model on injection oilfield recovery system

In real-world decision-making, uncertainty plays a crucial role, especially when dealing with complex, multi-objective optimization problems. Traditional linear programming (LP) models often have the assumption that the data is precise and deterministic. However, this ‎assumption is often not realistic for many applications, as imprecision will always be present. This paper presents a fuzzy solution to ‎Z-Z-number-based multi-objective linear programming (ZMOLP) models. Z-numbers can combine fuzzy logic and Z-numbers to manage ‎uncertainty in (multi-objective) decision dilemmas. A Z-number consists of two parts: a fuzzy number for the uncertainty in the ‎data and a reliability score that indicates the degree of confidence in the data. The two aspects of Z-numbers make them ef‎fective for modeling imprecise data in multi-objective positioning. The effectiveness and overall computational efficiency of different ‎fuzzy membership functions (triangular, trapezoidal, Gaussian, etc.) were also explored to understand their impact on optimal solu‎tions. Z-numbers, through fuzzy numbers, provide a flexible and adaptable decision-making solution far superior to traditional methods ‎for managing imprecision that leads to a better representation of uncertainty related to objectives and constraints. To demonstrate the viability of Z-number-based approaches, practical applications were employed to illustrate their usage in healthcare decision-making and ‎engineering optimization‎.

After years of treatment, the water pollution situation in the Huaihe River Basin (HRB) is still grim, and agricultural nonpoint source pollution has become the leading cause of the problem. However, agricultural nonpoint source pollution in the HRB is complicated due to the compounding effects of multiple factors. In this study, we first applied the export coefficient model to estimate the total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) loads used as two pollution source indicators in HRB. Then we constructed an index evaluation system of nonpoint source pollution risk by coupling the two source indicators with five additional indicators: rainfall erosion, river network distribution, soil erodibility, slope length, and land use. The primary source of TN and TP loads is fertilizer application (81.96%), followed by livestock and poultry breeding (16.3%) and rural domestic wastes (1.74%). The risk assessment results indicate that 66.43% of the HRB is at medium to high risk of nonpoint source pollution, 12.37% is at high risk, and 11.20% is at low risk. Moreover, the medium-to-high-risk areas are mainly concentrated in the Henan and Anhui provinces. In contrast, the medium-risk regions are mainly distributed along the mainstream of the Huaihe River. Finally, the observed water quality categories were used to verify our findings. The controlling areas of nonpoint source pollution in HRB are identified. This study could provide a scientific basis for effectively preventing and treating water pollution in the HRB.

Sloping fields under intensive farming have been a major source of agricultural nonpoint source (NPS) pollution in Korea. Comprehensive studies to quantify edge‐of‐field water quality and measure surface mulch effects on NPS pollution discharge have been conducted over the past several years. Edge‐of‐field water quality was seriously degraded by NPS pollutants. The range of average event mean concentrations (EMCs) was suspended solids (SS) 547 ~ 2600 mg l−1, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) 8.7 ~ 50.7 mg l−1, total nitrogen (TN) 3.5 ~ 21.8 mg l−1, and total phosphorus (TP) 2.4 ~ 13.1 mg l−1. Experiments treated by a rice straw mat mulch (S), S with gypsum (SG), and SG with PAM (SPG) showed good results as best management practices (BMPs) in controlling NPS pollution from sloping fields. The range of reductions by the treatments was runoff 28.3 ~ 96.7%, SS 71.5 ~ 99.5%, BOD 37.5 ~ 91.9%, TN 32.4 ~ 91.0%, and TP 43.0 ~ 95.7%. The SPG showed the best reduction effect for both runoff and NPS pollution. The S also showed encouraging results as a prospective BMP. Crop yields under the treatments also increased by up to 740% (lettuce) and 6.1 ~ 39.2% (cabbage and radish). The mulch treatments were proven to be effective for the increase of farm productivity and to improve runoff quality as well. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The green development of FinTech empowerment has become a compelling theme in economic development. In this study, based on the weighted least squares (WLS) and threshold regression methods of cross-sectional data, we empirically examine the impact of FinTech development on agricultural nonpoint source (NPS) pollution, a major cause of impaired surface water quality. Our results show that there is an inverted “U” shape relationship between the development of FinTech and agricultural NPS pollution. That is, after crossing a “threshold value”, the level of FinTech development can curb agricultural NPS pollution. At the structural level, the availability of FinTech services, the FinTech infrastructure, and the agricultural NPS pollution also have an inverted “U” shape relationship. At the threshold effect, in the developing stage of an agricultural economy, the overall level of FinTech development, the use of FinTech services, the availability of FinTech services, and the FinTech infrastructure have an inverted “U” shape relationship with agricultural NPS pollution. On the other hand, in the developed stage of an agricultural economy, the impact of FinTech development and its structure on agricultural NPS pollution is insignificant. Hence, we can conclude that FinTech development can help reduce agricultural NPS pollution in under-developed regions. However, due to the fact that a “U” shape relationship always exists between FinTech service quality and agricultural NPS pollution, the quality of FinTech service should be the main focus to reduce agricultural NPS pollution more effectively.

Best management practices (BMPs) are the tools which are adopted to run any activity while inflicting least negative impacts on the surrounding environment. Since, water pollution is one of the most important issues in today's world; it is indispensable to discuss the activities which are deteriorating its quality. Although, a number of treatment technologies and methods are in place for treating the point sources of pollution, there is a need to address nonpoint sources of pollution. There are many successful practices which are capable of curtailing the impacts of nonpoint source pollution, if adopted. In this paper an attempt has been made to evaluate the performance and trade‐offs of various management practices to address the issues of agricultural nonpoint source pollution. Nevertheless, there is a dearth of guiding principles which can pave a way for adoption of these practices. Therefore, an attempt has also been made to explore the aspects of policy formulations along with emphasizing the factors which can lead to adoption/ non‐adoption of such practices.

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 基于农业面源污染分区的三峡库区生态农业园建设研究 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201306091483 作者: 作者单位: 西南大学 农业部西南耕地保育重点实验室，资源环境学院,重庆市北碚区水利局,西南大学 农业部西南耕地保育重点实验室，资源环境学院,西南大学 农业部西南耕地保育重点实验室，资源环境学院,西南大学 农业部西南耕地保育重点实验室，资源环境学院 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项课题：三峡库区及上游流域农村面源污染控制技术与工程示范（2012ZX07104-003） The construction of the eco-agricultural yards in three gorges reservoir area based on agricultural non-point source pollution zones Author: Affiliation: Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Southwest China), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China,Water Conservancy bureau of Beibei, Chongqing,Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Southwest China), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China,Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Southwest China), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China,Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Southwest China), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:在三峡库区建立生态农业园是解决库区农业、环境和生态问题的有效措施。以农业面源污染分区为基础，探讨三峡库区重庆段生态农业园的建设模式和对策。结果表明：（1）根据地形地貌特征，将生态农业园规划为三大生态农业区，低海拔平坝丘陵生态农业区适宜发展“粮果蔬-猪-沼气-粮果蔬+休闲旅游”复合型高效农业模式，中海拔低山生态农业区可采用“粮-林-畜-沼气-草”的生态农业园建立模式，高海拔高山生态农业区适宜发展林草牧药复合型高效生态农业发展模式。（2）结合农业产业发展，确定了生态种植园、生态养殖园和生态综合园为该区的生态农业园建设方向。划分归并后的五大农业面源污染产污区中，库首外围丘陵山地产污区适宜以生态种植园为主导发展方向；库尾丘陵山地产污区可主营生态养殖园；余下3个产污区的发展核心都宜放在生态综合园建设。（3）三大生态农业区中的中海拔低山生态农业区和五大产污区中的库中平行岭谷产污区是库区生态农业园的建设重点。（4）为保障生态农业园的建设，应积极促进国家、政府、企业和农户之间的合作关系，不断创新和提升农业面源污染防控和农业生产技术。 Abstract:As agriculture is increasingly challenged by constraints of resources, environment and population emerging from its modern development, it is imperative to explore a kind of sustainable agriculture such as ecological agricultural yards that could accommodate economic, social and ecological needs within an already stressed natural resource basement. To balance the relationships among ecological protection, economic increasing and agricultural development, the establishment of eco-agricultural yards is an effective measure in Three Gorges Reservoir Area. Based on agricultural non-point source pollution zones, this paper dealt with the construction modes and countermeasures of the eco-agriculture yards in Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Chongqing. The results showed: (1) The Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Chongqing was divided into "one line, three zones and six pillar industries" in the whole. And according to the landform, the eco-agriculture yards were designed for three eco-agriculture districts, including the eco-agriculture district in low altitude hilly area, the eco-agriculture district in middle altitude mountain area and the eco-agriculture district in high altitude mountain area. Moreover, the complex agriculture mode with "crop, fruit, vegetables-pigs-biogas-crop, fruit, vegetables+leisure tourism" was suitable for the eco-agricultural development in low altitude hilly area. The eco-agricultural mode with "crop-forest-livestock-biogas-grass" could obtain well effective in middle altitude mountain area. And the eco-agricultural mode with "forest, grass, and livestock" complex mode was available for high altitude mountain area. Considering the development of agricultural industrialization, the ecological plantation, the ecological aquaculture and the ecologically integrated yards were suggested as the construction orientation of eco-agricultural yards in the future in Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Chongqing. (2) On the basis of the existing agricultural non-point source pollution status, Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Chongqing was subdivided into five agricultural non-point source pollution producing zones, involving upstream peripheral hilly area, along the river in upstream hilly area, midstream paralleled ridge-valley area, downstream hilly area, and downstream of the main urban area. Pollution producing regions in upstream peripheral hilly area were suitably dominated by the ecological plantation.More attention should be paid to agricultural non-point source pollution form fertilizers in these regions. Pollution producing regions in downstream hilly area could concentrate on the ecological aquaculture. The eco-agriculture district in low altitude hilly area should regard agricultural non-point source pollution from rural households and runoff as the center of contamination controlling in these regions. And the rest regions were appropriate to the establishment of the ecologically integrated yard. Furthermore, greater monitoring efforts should be put into the pollution producing regions in midstream paralleled ridge-valley area. And, more controlling measures of agricultural non-point source pollution from fertilizers could be applied to eco-agricultural districts in middle altitude mountain area of pollution producing regions along the river in upstream hilly area, while residential areas in middle altitude mountain area were the core for agricultural non-point source pollution controlling in pollution producing regions in downstream of the main urban area. (3) Totally, the eco-agricultural districts in middle altitude mountain area, and the pollution producing regions in midstream paralleled ridge-valley area were the key zones to be constructed, owing to their extensive distribution, favorable natural conditions and more serious agricultural non-point source pollution status. (4) To promote the development of the eco-agricultural yards in Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Chongqing, two aspects were necessary to be considered. That is, the cooperative relationships among the country, government, enterprises and farmers were positively built. And, the high-tech for agricultural production and non-point source pollution controlling measures should be continuously innovated and improved. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of control-release fertilizer (CRF) on pollutant loadings from a small watershed. The Baran watershed, 386 ha in size, was selected as the study site, and the AGNPS (Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution) model was used to evaluate the effects of fertilizer types. Digital maps of digital elevation (DEM), slope distribution, channel, flow direction, landuse, soil, and curve number were extracted from the study watershed. Model parameters related to hydrology and water quality were calibrated and validated by comparing model predictions with the observed data collected for 2 years (1999 to 2000). Calibration and validation resulted in values of 0.75-0.91 for all the water quality parameters. All the paddy fields (21.2 %) of the study watershed were sprayed by either CRF or NPK (standard fertilizer). In CRF application, total nitrogen (TN) load was 4.9% less than NPK application, however total phosphorus (TP) load was 0.7 % more than NPK application. In CRF application, considering only paddy fields in the study area, TN load was 38.7 % less than NPK application. Using CRF in paddy fields could be one of the ways to reduce pollutant loadings from agricultural watersheds, however, in order to confirm it, more researches about effects of using CRF are necessary.

The main goal of this study was to evaluate the performance of AnnAGNPS (Annualised Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution Model) in simulating runoff, sediment loading and nutrient loading in a semi-arid and semi-humid watershed of an area of 1481sq km, located in Northwest China. This model was first calibrated and tested by historic monitoring data and then the validated model was used to simulate the effects of non-point source (NPS) pollution management measures. The results indicate that reforestation measures, which reduce the amount of runoff, sediment, total nitrogen and total phosphorus, should be adopted in the study watershed to control NPS pollution. The model was also used to assess the effects of other measures on NPS pollution. This study concludes that AnnAGNPS has the potential to be a valuable tool for the planning and management of watersheds in the semi-arid regions of China.

The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was utilized to analyze the spatiotemporal distribution patterns of composite non-point source pollution in the Yapu Port Basin, China, and to quantify the pollutant load contributions from various sources. Scenario-based simulations were designed to assess the effectiveness of different mitigation strategies, focusing on both agricultural and urban non-point source pollution control. The watershed was divided into 39 sub-watersheds and 106 hydrologic response units (HRUs). Model calibration and validation were conducted using the observed data on runoff, total phosphorus (TP), and total nitrogen (TN). The results demonstrate good model performance, with coefficients of determination (R2) ≥ 0.85 and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiencies (NSEs) ≥ 0.84, indicating its applicability to the study area. Temporally, pollutant loads exhibited a positive correlation with precipitation, with peak values observed during the annual flood season. Spatially, pollution intensity increased from upstream to downstream, with the western region of the watershed showing higher loss intensity. Pollution was predominantly concentrated in the downstream region. Based on the composite source analysis, a series of management measures were designed targeting both agricultural and urban non-point source pollution. Among individual measures, fertilizer reduction in agricultural fields and the establishment of vegetative buffer strips demonstrated the highest effectiveness. Combined management strategies significantly enhanced pollution control, with average TN and TP load reductions of 22.18% and 22.70%, respectively. The most effective scenario combined fertilizer reduction, improved urban stormwater utilization, vegetative buffer strips, and grassed swales in both farmland and orchards, resulting in TN and TP reductions of 67.2% and 56.2%, respectively.

Non-point source (NPS) pollution has caused serious threats to water quality on a global scale. However, the investigation using a single measure with multi-scenarios for the long-term simulation in karst agricultural watershed is still lacking. In this study, the Annualized Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution (AnnAGNPS) model was developed to verify the applicability in a karst agricultural watershed. Then, the model was used to determine the best management measures (BMPs) and the reduction rate characteristics under long-term effects (about 10 years) in the watershed. The AnnAGNPS model perform well in simulating in NPS pollution with R2 (0.95 for runoff, 0.93 for TN, and 0.93 for TP, respectively) and NSE (0.95 for runoff, 0.53 for TN, and 0.57 for TP, respectively). The output of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) primarily occurred in the rainy season (up to 80%). The loss of mass of TN and TP were mainly observed in orchards and woodlands in the upstream of each sub-basin. The results from AnnAGNPS model demonstrated that different BMPs had significant impacts on the reduction of NPS pollution. Furthermore, a same BMPs measure showed it was closely related to land use in the watershed. In the Qifeng River watershed, stubble tillage (ST) showed to be useful with relatively good reduction rates (16.64% for sediment, 17.85% for TN, and 17.80% for TP, respectively). The simulation results indicated that AnnAGNPS was a valuable tool after validation for the planning and management of the watershed in karst areas.

Assessing and improving the outcomes of nonpoint source water quality trading policies in urban areas: A case study in Virginia

In this paper, we consider interval multi-objective linear programming (IMOLP) models which are used to deal with uncertainties of real-world problems. So far, a variety of approaches for obtaining efficient solutions (ESs) of these problems have been developed. In this paper, we propose a new and two generalized methods. In the new method, converting IMOLP into an interval linear programming (ILP) and then obtaining its optimal solutions (OSs), ESs of the IMOLP are determined. This method has several advantages: (i) This method is the only method which obtains a solution box for IMOLP models. (ii) The solving process is not time consuming. (iii) The number of ESs is higher than for other methods. (V) The method is applicable for large-scale problems. Also, we generalize the $$\varepsilon$$-constraint and lexicographic methods which are used for obtaining ESs of the multi-objective linear programming (MOLP) models which do not have any problems such as lengthy and time-consuming and are applicable for large-scale problems. Some examples were solved to show the efficiency of the proposed methods. Finally, by the proposed method, we solve the IMOLP model corresponding to the problem of the facilities and non-return funds in a bank.

A novel spatial optimization model for achieve the trad-offs placement of best management practices for agricultural non-point source pollution control at multi-spatial scales