水稲代かき同時打込み点播機の点播特性

Returning to driving following a traumatic brain injury (TBI) is often a key rehabilitation goal, as the ability to drive enables return to independence and many previous life roles. The ‘gold standard’ assessment of driving after TBI is considered to be the on-road assessment, usually conducted by a specialised occupational therapy driver assessor (OTDA). However there have been few studies investigating the patient characteristics and pre-injury and injury related factors associated with passing or failing the on-road OT driver assessment after TBI. In addition, little is known about the processes and goals of driver rehabilitation provided to those who fail the initial on-road assessment. There has also been limited research into the post-assessment driving behaviour and safety of individuals returning to driving after driver rehabilitation. <br> Accordingly, the main aims of the PhD program of research were to a) examine which patient characteristics and pre-injury and injury-related factors were associated with the outcome of initial on-road driver assessment, b) describe the range of goals, processes, timing and outcomes, including the use of restricted licensing and resources, associated with providing on-road training to those who failed an initial OT driver assessment and c) examine and compare the characteristics and self-reported pre- and post-injury driver safety and patterns of driving behaviour of those drivers who returned to driving after one on-road assessment with those who received on-road training and subsequent reassessments. <br> In Study 1, the results of all on-road driver assessments completed by patients with a TBI (n = 207), in a rehabilitation setting, over an 8-year period were reviewed retrospectively. Two outcome groups were identified: a ‘pass’ group who resumed driving after passing the initial on-road assessment and a <i>‘rehabilitation’</i> group who failed and required on-road training in the form of driving lessons. <br> <b>Key-findings</b>; Post traumatic amnesia (PTA) duration proved to be more strongly associated with driver assessment outcome than Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score. Participants, who were male, had shorter PTA duration, faster reaction time and no physical or visual impairment and were at least 3 months post-injury were more likely to pass the initial on-road assessment. These variables correctly classified 87.6% of the <i>pass</i> group and 71.2% of the <i>rehabilitation</i> group. On-road training, followed by subsequent on-road re-assessments were associated with a high probability of return to driving after TBI. <br> <b>Recommendations</b>; Factors to consider when determining whether to refer for a practical driver assessment include; ensuring that the client is at least 3 months post-injury, evidence of moderate to severe TBI measured by PTA, slowed choice reaction times and presence of physical or visual impairment that may impact on driver capacity. On–road training is an important driver rehabilitation intervention and should be offered to drivers with TBI who fail the initial on-road assessment. <br> From a sample of 340 participants, Study 2 examined the goals, outcomes, timing, use of restricted licenses and number of on-road training lessons and OT driver reassessments provided to the 94 participants who failed the initial on-road assessment. <br> <b>Key-findings</b>; The use of goal directed driving lessons to facilitate compensation for cognitive, physical or visual impairment, improve confidence or enhance previously learned driving skills and restricted licensing were found to be associated with return to driving following moderate/severe TBI. An average of seven driving lessons (range 1 – 35) and 2.5 OT driver reassessments (range 1-6), were provided to participants, resulting in 93% (n=87) of cases resuming driving and 7 (7%) failing to meet licensing standards. An open license was recommended for 42 (45%) cases and 45 (48%) resumed driving with a restricted license. The mean time for referral for driving assessment varied significantly between the pass (7.62 months) and <i>rehabilitation</i> groups (13.31 months). <br> <b>Recommendation</b>; Investment in on-road training lessons addressing individual goals, followed by reassessment and use of restricted licenses, can achieve successful return to driving following TBI. Although delaying driving by at least 3 months appears to be appropriate, a much longer time frame is often required, particularly with severe TBI. <br> Finally, Study 3 examined self-report responses of 106 participants regarding post-injury changes in driving behaviour and number of pre- and post-injury crashes. <br> <b>Key findings</b>: No significant differences were found in pre- and post-injury crash rates or in crash rates between the <i>pass</i> (n= 74) and <i>rehabilitation</i> (n= 32) groups. Many drivers reported changes to their driving behaviour: Compared to pre-injury, 36.8% of drivers reported limiting driving time, 40.6% drove more slowly and 41.5% reported greater difficulty with navigating. The <i>rehabilitation</i> group (with greater injury severity) was significantly more likely to drive less frequently, shorter distances and avoid driving with passengers, in busy traffic, at night and on freeways than the pass group. <br> <b>Recommendation</b>: As most of the study participants resumed driving and were safe to do so in the longer term, the importance of offering driver assessment and rehabilitation following moderate to severe TBI has been emphasized. <br> This PhD program of research, has also highlighted the complexity of the decision-making process required by rehabilitation clinicians in determining fitness to drive after TBI. Factors that were found to contribute to this situation included the wide variation in optimum timing for resuming driving and the range of variables that may impact on the outcome of the on-road assessment, such as injury severity, physical/visual issues, driver confidence, ability to compensate for cognitive issues and driver experience. The findings and recommendations of this PhD program may contribute to development of improved referral criteria and guidelines for resuming driving after TBI.

Performance enhancement strategies in sport have frequently attempted to help athletes gain control over their thoughts and their emotions (Vealey, 1994) . These are 'content-focused' approaches try to change the content of the athlete's internal experience. Recently, increasing attention has been directed toward interventions that try to change an athlete's relationship with those internal experiences, instead of changing the content. These 'context-focused' approaches-including mindfulness and acceptance-based interventions - aim to help athletes perform well with anxiety, rather than trying to remove the anxiety (Gardner & Moore, 2012b) . These approaches promote similar acceptance of other unhelpful cognitions and emotions, such as anger or self-doubt. In this thesis, I aimed to explore the effectiveness of these approaches for promoting performance in sport. Chapter 1 identified the theories underlying context-focused approaches and outlined how they might reduce the likelihood of performance problems. For example, due to decreased self-focused attention, context-focused approaches may reduce the likelihood of choking due to explicit control of otherwise automatic skills. To see how well these theories held up to empirical exploration, Chapter 2 systematically reviewed the literature on context-focused approaches in sport. This review included prototypical context-focused approaches, like mindfulness, and also the wider range of approaches that operate by a similar mechanism, such as self-compassion. It found consistent trends in the research that these approaches improve athletic present-moment awareness, flow, performance, and help to reduce anxiety. It also revealed preliminary evidence for other outcomes like improved confidence and reduced rates of injury. However, none of the 66 studies met the Cochrane Collaboration criteria for low risk of bias (Higgins, Altman, Gotzsche, et al., 2011) . In Chapter 3, I aimed to test a brief context-focused intervention using a study design that met these Cochrane criteria. Golfers were randomised into either a acceptance-based intervention or a control condition. The study was double-blinded, randomised, prospectively registered with putting performance as the primary outcome. This study found few benefits of the acceptance-based intervention for performance, anxiety, or state mindfulness. It found a significant improvement on a secondary outcome: swing mechanics as measured by a SAM PuttLab (Science & Motion, 2016) . While brief interventions are well-established for testing context-focused interventions (Levin, Hildebrandt, Lillis, & Hayes, 2012) , Chapter 3 did not find strong evidence that a brief context-focused intervention leads to short-term improvements in sport performance. One barrier to testing interventions in sport is the questionnaire response burden placed on athletes. This is not unique to context-focused literature, because half of athletes in high-performance environments complete questionnaires every day (Taylor, Chapman, Cronin, Newton, & Gill, 2012) . However, in mindfulness and acceptance literature, reducing response burden would help researchers in many ways. Shorter measures allow researchers to assess more constructs in parallel, or assess the same construct more regularly (Basarkod, Sahdra, & Ciarrochi, 2018) . Many short measures fail to meet psychometric criteria (Smith, McCarthy, & Anderson, 2000) because the process of optimally shortening a questionnaire requires complex evaluations of many factors (Marsh, Ellis, Parada, Richards, & Heubeck, 2005) . As an alternative method, Chapter 4 demonstrated that an advanced machine learning algorithm can shorten athletic questionnaires without compromising reliability or validity. As an example of this process, the substantive-methodological synthesis presents multiple versions of the Mindfulness Inventory for sport. Although reliability was compromised when measures were very brief, shorter measures showed equivalent validity to the full measure. The resulting measures offer future researchers some alternate methods of measuring mindfulness that can be adapted to their needs. The paper also outlined ways for other researchers to efficiently shorten their own measures. Chapter 5 describes limitations of the previous chapters, but also identifies some ways in which researchers might assess the utility of context-focused approaches in the future. Many of these approaches require that athletes make significant investments in time. The thesis concludes that, although there is evidence these approaches might have widespread benefits inside and outside sport, it is not yet clear whether they are an effective use of time for optimising athletic performance.

The article studies the physical and chemical properties, mechanical composition, and mode of the elements of the Akdala massif irrigated land. The mechanical composition of the soils of the Akdala massif was studied by the method of N. A. Kachinsky, the obtained data show the presence of silt in all layers. Data on the differentiation of fine mechanical elements on the capacity of cation exchange and factors contributing to the reduction of their fertility are presented. The study of the physical and chemical composition and chemical properties of the soils under consideration shows decrease in the humus content in the arable and sub- arable horizons. Long-term use of carbonate gray soils on arable land has led to a decrease in the content of organic substances and changed in the qualitative composition of humus substances. The study results of the agrochemical composition of rice crop rotation soils indicates that phosphorus levels are low and medium. Studies of mobile potassium show that the content of mobile potassium fully ensures the growth and development of plants. The most important nutrient for rice culture is nitrogen, which depends on the content of organic substances and staying in low place. According to the ecological and land reclamation conditions for studying the soils of the object, secondary salinization, salinization, waterlogging, long-term irrigation, irrational use of rice fields, have led to a deterioration in the physical and chemical properties of soils.

The implementation of conventional and laparoscopic intestinal joining is a problem, remotely solved. Along with many routine methods described, different modifications with automatic staplers are presented, each of certain value and benefits. Achieving an appropriate balance between price, reliability and health benefits is the operator-surgeon responsibility, sometimes in a condition of emergency. We aimed at assessing the safety and effectiveness of the fulfillment of end-to-end continuous anastomoses in the intraabdominal intestinal relations. Author`s own experience of 88 consecutive intra-abdominal anastomoses was presented. They were performed in the period from 01.01.2010 to 30.06.2013, since the technique has been applied. Patients were evaluated in the following groups: Group 1 - after colonic resections: right, intermediate, left hemicolectomies, resection of sigma or rectosigmoid, subtotal colectomy (N1=56, 63,6%). Group 2 - after restoring passages operation, regarding low rectal resection with double-loop protective ileostomy or transversostomy (N2=24, 27,3%). Restoring the transversostomy was performed with partial anastomosis preserving the mesenteric side of the intestine. Group 3 - patients after internal derivation (N3=8, 9,1%). Modified and applied two-layer end-to-end technique suitable for double differences in lumens, with adequate correction approach and saving blood supply of the mesentery. Digital hedging during the implementation of the second floor of the anastomosis allows additional control over the achievement of the other important for success factors: adequate lumen and tight attachment of the bowel ends serous surfaces. A total of 4 (4,54%) of the patients monitored had complications in the form of late postoperative paresis (in three patients until postoperative day 7) and partial insufficiency in one (sigmoid resection). All they were overcome conservatively. There was one exitus (1,14%) after cardiac death on the 6th postoperative day. Three of the patients were operated under a condition of urgency and in all the others a standardized preoperative preparation of the bowel tract was used. Anastomotic time was significantly shorter (25-35 min) due to the following factors: not performing close intestinal loop, small layers widths of the opposite bowel parts, better control of intestinal blood supply. Possible surgical site contamination is minimized. Anastomosis is very simple, fast, and extremely reliable. Early feeding is practiced (after 24 hours), which is the basis for a rapid (fast track) recovery of these patients. Not to ignore the low price of the joining accomplished (1A·3 nontraumatic sutures 3/0). The variability in the performance of intestinal anastomoses allows an opportunity for individualized approach. End-to-end continuous bowel connections have some tactical, technical and economic advantages, and combined with their reliability present a very good option.

Clinical trials often judge the efficacy of a new treatment by comparing the survival patterns of patients who are randomly assigned to undergo the new or a standard/placebo treatment. Usually, the entire groups are analyzed, although certain subgroups of patients may react differently to the new treatment than others. Some patients taking the new treatment might benefit from it (the positive responders) while others may be harmed by it (the negative responders). We applied a newly developed responder identification method (Kehl&Ulm, 2003) on the doubleblinded placebo controlled European Myocardial Infarction Amiodarone Trial (EMIAT). The method, which is based on bump hunting, proceeds to find the so called predictive factors, which describe positive and negative trends in survival in special subgroups of patients, solely due to Amiodarone. Factors found to be predictive were: age, previous infarction, beta-blocker treatment, onset, NYHA classification, and sex. Negative responders to Amiodarone, i.e. patients taking Amiodarone who survived shorter than a similar group under placebo, were patients who were older than 65 years, have had a previous infarction, and were not on beta-blockers. Positive responders to Amiodarone, (longer survival time), were male patients who were not negative responders, had NYHA classification greater than or equal to two, and onset greater than one. Further studies are needed to investigate this hypothesis.

Towards improving detection of early warning signals within organizations : an approach to the identification and utilization of underlying factors from an organizational perspective

The result of this research is to know the influence of planting media and provision of urea fertilizer on the result of lettuce plant. The hypothesis of planting media significantly affect toward the result of lettuce plant, the urea fertilizer significantly affected toward the result of lettuce plant, and there is a real interaction between the planting media and Urea toward the result of lettuce plant. The benefits of this research is to get a combination of treatment between the planting media and fertilizer dosage of Urea the best toward the result of lettuce plant. This research was conducted at the Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Syiah Kuala in Banda Aceh, which took place from May to August 2016. The research was conducted by using a randomized block design (RAK) factorial pattern that consists of two factors: the planting media and fertilizer dosage of Urea. The treatment of the planting media consisted of four levels, namely: Factor of the planting media (comparison with soil based on the volume that is 3: 1) M1 = Soil, M2= Soil and chaff , M3 = Soil and sawdust M4= Soil and manure. Factor of Urea fertilizer that is N0= without urea fertilizer N1= 100 kg Urea/ha, N2= 200 kg Urea/ha, N3= 300 kg Urea/ha. From these two factors was obtained 16 combinations of treatments with three times of replicates thus obtainedin 48 units of experiment. The parameters was observed in leaf wide Parameter (cm2) 40 HST, Heavy of wet berangkasan (remains of agricultural plants part) (g) 40 HST, leaf heavy (g) 40 HST, Root heavy (g) 40 HST. The test result of F on variance analysis show that planting media and the provision of Urea fertilizer is very significant effect on the leaf wide of age 40 HST, heavy of berangkasan (remains of agricultural plants part) 40 HST, heavy leaf 40 HST. There is a significant interaction between planting media and the provision of Urea fertilizer to wide of leaf , the heavy of wet berangkasan , heavy of leaf, and root heavy respectively at age 40 HST. Key Words : Planting Media, Urea, Lettuce

Land use change can be predicted by spatial modeling. One of spatial method to predict land use change is CLUES (Conversion of Land Use Changes and its Effect at small regional extent). The objective of the research is to determine factors that influence land use change in Kabupaten Majalengka and to predict its land use in the future. Data applied in this research project was biogeophysic, socio economic and existing land use data of Kabupaten Majalengka. Eight land use classes applied were shrub, forest, pond, dry land agriculture, pasture, settlement, and plantation and rice field. Land use classes were dependent variables; and biogeophysical and socio economical data were independent variables. Binary logistic regression was applied to determine influenced factors to land use change. Factors that influence of type of land use’s occurrence were different for each type of land use. The value of the factors was used as an input in land use modeling using CLUES. Scenario that used were scenario with land use change rate same as previous change. The simulation was applied for 12 years with the baseline data in the year of 2009. The simulation result shows that the land use types of shrub, forest, and plantation are decrease. The area that increased are land use types of dry land agriculture, settlement and rice field; however land use types of pond and pasture are remain constant.

Kerman and its surrounding towns consist of a flat alluvial plain of fine silt and clay materials. In morphological aspects, these sediments have a very gentle slope with the main infrastructure of the city build on them. Generally, the structure of undisturbed soils is developed over time due to the influence of environmental factors. Geological factors in Kerman fine-grained alluviums have caused the formation of some structures after their deposition. In this research, in order to investigate soil structure and determine the collapsibility index, 40 samples were collected from different parts of the city. Next, the engineering properties of Kerman’s soil (e.g., mineralogy and collapsibility), development of soil structure, and the sensitivity of soil structure were studied. To determine sensitivity and structural coefficient of these soils, Schmertmann’s criteria (1969) and Liu and Carter’s model (2000) were applied, respectively. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) method were used to study Kerman deposits. Mineralogy results of Kerman plain soils reveal that there are minerals such as illite, chlorite, smectite, and calcite in these deposits. The SEM images confirmed the consolidated and compressed structure of soil grains in most of the samples. Furthermore, other results show that soils of Kerman are often compressed and over-consolidated. Collapsibility index shows a quite direct relationship with structure development, as collapsibility is low in the samples with low destructuring coefficient while it is high in the samples that have a structure.

به منظور بررسی اثر سیستم های گوناگون تغذیه ای بر عملکرد و اجزاء عملکرد گیاه روغنی آفتابگردان رقم یوروفلور (Helianthus annuus L.) در شرایط تنش رطوبتی، آزمایشی به صورت کرت های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان در سال 93-1392 اجرا شد. تیمارها شامل دو سطح آبیاری بهینه و تنش کم آبیاری (به ترتیب آبیاری پس از 60 و 120 میلی متر تبخیر از تشتک تبخیر کلاس A) به عنوان کرت های اصلی و تیمارهای گوناگون تغذیه گیاهی شامل: 1- عدم کاربرد هر گونه کود شیمیایی و زیستی (شاهد)، 2- کاربرد 100 درصد کود شیمیایی پیشنهاد شده (NPK)، 3- کود آلی ورمی‌کمپوست، 4- کود زیستی فسفونیتروکارا، 5- ورمی‌کمپوست+ فسفونیتروکارا، 6- ورمی‌کمپوست+ 50 درصد کود شیمیایی نیتروژن و فسفر پیشنهاد شده، 7- فسفو نیتروکارا+ 50 درصد کود شیمیایی نیتروژن و فسفر پیشنهاد شده، 8- ورمی‌کمپوست+ فسفونیتروکارا+ 50 درصد کود شیمیایی نیتروژن و فسفر پیشنهاد شده و9 - 50 درصد کود شیمیایی نیتروژن و فسفر پیشنهاد شده به عنوان کرت های فرعی بود. نتایج حاصل از این بررسی نشان داد که تنش کم آبی و تیمارهای تغذیه ای به طور معنی داری تمامی صفات اندازه گیری شده را تحت تأثیر قرار دادند. همچنین اثر متقابل سیستم تغذیه در آبیاری بر صفات وزن طبق، تعداد دانه در طبق، عملکرد دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیک معنی دار بود. بالاترین عملکرد دانه در شرایط آبیاری بهینه با کاربرد کامل کود شیمیایی به دست آمد (591 گرم در مترمربع)، در حالی که در شرایط تنش کم آبی، بیشترین عملکرد (314 گرم در مترمربع) به کاربرد ورمی‌کمپوست به همراه نیمی از کود شیمیایی توصیه شده تعلق داشت. به طور کلی، از مقایسه کودهای بررسی شده چنین به نظر می رسد که کاهش مصرف کودهای شیمیایی و جایگزینی آن با ورمی‌کمپوست می تواند در راستای نیل به کشاورزی پایدار در شرایط تنش رطوبتی، مؤثر واقع شود.

در این نوشتار مسئله‌ی مکان‌یابی رقابتی با در نظر گرفتن قابلیت اطمینان بررسی و حل شده است. قابلیت اطمینان به صورت احتمال خارج شدن هر تسهیل از سرویس‌دهی به مشتریان در نظر گرفته شده است. دو شرکت به ترتیب مکان بهینه‌ی تسهیلات خود را تعیین می‌کنند. مسئله به صورت بازی استاکلبرگ مدل شده که رهبر و پیرو به ترتیب مکان‌های خود را برای ایجاد تسهیل انتخاب می‌کنند. هدف هریک از رقبا بیشینه‌سازی سود است. پارامترهای جمعیتی به عنوان عوامل مؤثر در انتخاب مکان و رفتار مشتریان در انتخاب هریک از تسهیلات متأثر از پارامتر کیفی و فاصله در نظر گرفته شده است. برای حل مسئله با توجه به N‌p-h‌a‌r‌d بودن آن برای حل مسائل بزرگ و متوسط از الگوریتم فراابتکاری N‌S‌G‌A‌I‌I و برای مسائل کوچک از روش جستجوی کامل فضای جواب استفاده شده است. در پایان مسائل عددی به صورت تصادفی تولید شده جواب‌های بهینه پارتو به دست آمده برای هرکدام از مسائل مشخص شده‌اند.

This study investigated the use of maize in removing arsenic, chromium and copper from chromated copper arsenate (CCA) contaminated soil in a pot experiment. Heavy metal levels in the CCA contaminated soil analysed showed high concentration of As, Cr and Cu. Total values of (39.55mg/kg) As, (313.97mg/kg) Cr and (200.00mg/kg) Cu were obtained in the CCA soil before planting. At the end of 60 days germination, the amount of the metals in the CCA contaminated soil reduced significantly (P > 0.01) accounting for 29% As, 3% Cr and 30% Cu of the initial concentration in the contaminated soil. Transfer factor and contamination factor were calculated to determine the accumulative factor of the metals in the plants and soils and this was used to interpret the state of the environment and ability of the maize to accumulate the metals. The contamination factor obtained for the chromated copper arsenate soil categorized the soil as highly contaminated while the transfer factors obtained for the various metals shows low metal accumulation in the plant.

Introduction: Some factors related to obesity, such as inflammation and oxidative stress may play a substantial role in telomere attrition and, consequently, obesity is associated with telomere shortening. Emerging evidences have demonstrated that green tea and its most abundant catechin (polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate, EGCG) had anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. In line of this, green tea may be positively related to telomere length (TL). Aim: In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of decaffeinated green tea supplementation in obese women on TL. Materials and Methods: We conduced a cross-sectional interventional study with 10 obese (BMI>40 kg/m²) and 8 normal weight (BMI >18.5 and <24.9 kg/m²) women (age between 27 and 48 years). We did not include patients with alterations in liver biomarkers. The supplementation was carried out with capsules (one capsule daily, each containing 450.7 mg of epigallocatechin-3-gallate) for 8 weeks. Anthropometric (weight, height and body mass index - BMI) and dietary intake assessment and blood collection [for biochemical (glycemia and lipidic profile) and TL analysis by quantitative PCR] were performed before (day 0) and after supplementation (day 56). Normal weight patients were evaluated at a single moment. Shapiro-Wilk test, paired t-test, independent t-test, Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis were performed as statistical analyses (p<0.05). Results: There were not any significant weight loss (119.7±17.8 to 120±18 kg, p=0.772) or BMI (45.3±4.7 to 45.4±5gm², p=0.695) changes linked with the intervention. However, we observed a significant increase on TL after supplementation (1.57±1.1 to 3.2±2.1 T/S ratio; p<0.05). Moreover, we found shorter TL in obese patients (day 0) when compared to normal weight individuals (3.2±1.9 T/S ratio; p<0.05) and an inverse association between TL and BMI, even after age adjustment (beta=-0.527; r²=0.286; IC= -0.129, -0.009). There was no correlation between the biochemical profile and TL. Conclusion: Obesity is related to shorter telomeres. Green tea supplementation for 8 weeks promotes telomere elongation in obese women. Acknowledgements : This work was supported by grants #2013/08916-4 and #2014/00669-0 from the SA£o Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) and grant #166191/2015-9 from the National Council of Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)

The integration of environmental monitoring activities in the Unified Health System (SUS) shows some characteristics that differentiate it from the practice of epidemiological surveillance. This occurs mainly because much data on exposure to environmental factors is obtained outside the health sector and the adoption of actions that seek to control and/or prevent requires, in most cases, an intra andintersectoral understanding and articulation, since the health sector is not able, by itself, to provide answers to environmental health issues.In recent years, there has been an increasingly consolidation of the field of environmental health, which includes the area of public health, accustomed to scientific knowledge, to the formulation of public policies and the corresponding interventions (actions) related to the interaction between human health and both natural and anthropic environmental factors, which determine, modulate and influence such interaction, in order to improve the quality of human life from the point of view of sustainability(1).As agreed at the Ist Seminar of the National Environmental Health, held in October 2005 and consolidated in the first National Conference on Environmental Health, held in December 2009, it is understood as an area of intersectoral and interdisciplinarypractice focused on the outcomes, in human health, of ecogeossocialrelations between man and environment(1).Accordingly, the Ministry of Health has been implementing, throughout the country, a Surveillance System in Environmental Health (SINVISA), seeking the improvement of this “model” of activities, establishing expertise into the three levels of government, aiming to consolidate the practice of Environmental Health within the SUS.Normative Instruction No. 1, March 7, 2005, creates SINVISA, establishes the area of action, the scope of the three levels of management within SUS and defines the Environmental Health Surveillance as a set of actions and services provided byagencies and both public and private entities that aim to knowledge and detection or prevention of any change in the environmental determinants and conditioning factors that interfere with human health in order to recommend and adopt measures for prevention and control of risk factors related to diseases and other healthproblems(2).Due to the complexity of the situation, some fields have been identified as fields of action of the Environmental Health Surveillance: monitoring of water quality for human consumption; air quality; monitoring of populations exposed to contaminated soils; chemicals; natural disasters and accidents involving hazardous products; physical factors (ionizing and non ionizing radiation); and working environment(3).There are increasing demands and health problems related to the environment that call for resolution by the state and municipal managers of SUS, which is causing more and more the establishment of partnerships between federal government and agencies and institutions in their respective coverage areas and within the limits of their powers, such as Ministries of Education; Cities; Science and Technology; Labour and Employment; Agriculture; Planning and Management;of Foreign Affairs; Development, Industry and Trade; Social Development and Hunger Alleviation; of National Integration; Transport; Defence; Justice; and Culture(1).Environmental Health Surveillance must be perceived and has been increasingly consolidating its field as an “operative arm” of the health public policy, drawn and strengthened since the Health Sector Reform.As we seek, in our constitution, Article 225, whichsays that everyone is entitled to an ecologically balancedenvironment, a good of common use and essential to ahealthy quality of life, we realize the importance givenby our legislature to the relationship between health andenvironment and, therefore, it is possible to realize thathealth becomes more than just the absence of disease,it is possible to see it as a social and environmentalpractice, where the interdependent relationship betweensociety and the environment is perceived and increasinglystrengthened(4).In this issue of the Brazilian Journal of HealthPromotion, we can find two articles that directly addressquestions related to the Environmental Health Surveillance.In times of publication of the 2914 ordinance, whichestablishes procedures for control and surveillance ofwater quality for human consumption and its potabilitystandards(5), we would like to highlight the articleon “Exposure assessment and risk associated withtrihalomethane compounds in drinking water”. Also, in thisissue, we find the article on the “Environmental Hazard ofpesticides prescribed between the Platinum and Amazonbasins,” in such important moment when the NationalAgency of Sanitary Surveillance reported results of foodanalysis showing pesticides residues(6).Therefore, it is noticed that the magazine has beendistinguishing, ever more, articles that bring up to thescientific debate current and relevant subjects, showing itscommitment to the academic community and continuousenhancement in the scientific scenery of this country.

Menarche is the process of first menstrual occurrence that signifies women's biological maturity. Achievement of height obtained from combination between genetic and non-genetic factors. Non-genetic factors included health status, nutritional status, physical activity and socioeconomic status. The purpose of this study is to determined the correlation between menarcheal age and height on female students of Unisba faculty of medicine. This study is an observational analytic research using cross sectional method. The subjects of the study were female student of Unisba Faculty of Medicine who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study was conducted at the campus of Faculty of Medicine Unisba on April 2017. Subjects were interviewed about menarche age and then grouped into menarcheal age groups, 8 - 10, 11 - 12, 13 - 14, 15 - 16 and 17 - 18 years. Measurement of height was conducted on research subject. Statistical analysis was performed using anova test. Anova test results showed there was a correlation between menarcheal age and height on female student of Unisba Faculty of Medicine with p value = 0,001 (p≤0,05). On 38 subject studied, the average height in the younger menarcheal age group had a shorter height than the average height in the older menarcheal age group. It is associated with an increase in serum estrogen levels before the menarche that causes closing of epiphyseal plates in the lower limbs.