تأثیر سیستم های تغذیه ای گوناگون شیمیایی، زیستی و آلی بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد آفتابگردان (Helianthus annuus L.) تحت شرایط تنش رطوبتی

تجزیه و تحلیل رشد، روش کاربردی و با ارزش در بررسی کمی رشد، نمو و تولید گیاهان زراعی به‌شمار می‌رود. به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر کاربرد کود ورمی‌کمپوست و محلول‌پاشی برگی چای‌کمپوست و اسید هیومیک بر شاخص‌های رشد گلرنگ ((Carthamus tinctorius L.، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه ولی‌عصر (عج) رفسنجان انجام شد. تیمارها شامل کاربرد ورمی‌کمپوست (صفر، 4، 8 و 12 تن در هکتار) به عنوان فاکتور اول و محلول‌پاشی (آب مقطر به‌عنوان شاهد، اسید هیومیک حاصل از ورمی‌کمپوست، اسید هیومیک تجاری و چای‌کمپوست) به عنوان فاکتور دوم بود. نتایج نشان داد که حداکثر شاخص سطح برگ، ماده خشک کل، سرعت رشد نسبی و عملکرد دانه تحت تأثیر اثرات اصلی ورمی‌کمپوست و محلول‌پاشی و حداکثر سرعت رشدمحصول و سرعت جذب خالص تحت تأثیر اثرات اصلی ورمی‌کمپوست، محلول‌پاشی و اثر متقابل ورمی‌کمپوست در محلول‌پاشی قرار گرفتند. بیش‌ترین میزان سرعت رشد محصول (05/35 گرم بر متر‌مربع بر روز) و سرعت جذب خالص (42/13 گرم بر متر‌مربع برگ بر روز) از تیمار 12 تن در هکتار ورمی‌کمپوست و محلول‌پاشی چای‌کمپوست به‌دست آمد. همچنین در بین تیمارهای کودی، کاربرد 12 تن در هکتار ورمی‌کمپوست و در تیمار محلول‌پاشی، محلول‌پاشی چای‌کمپوست باعث افزایش شاخص سطح برگ، ماده خشک کل، سرعت رشد نسبی و عملکرد دانه نسبت به تیمار شاهد شد. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که کاربرد کود زیستی ورمی‌کمپوست به میزان 12 تن در هکتار و محلول‌پاشی چای‌کمپوست مناسب‌ترین تیمار برای افزایش شاخص‌های رشد و عملکرد گیاه گلرنگ در راستای نیل به کشاورزی پایدار بود.

به منظور بررسی اثرات کود‌‌های آلی و شیمیایی بر برخی ویژگی‌های کمی و کیفی چای ترش آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با 10 تیمار و 4 تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زابل انجام شد. تیمار‌ها شامل: (T1) عدم مصرف کود (شاهد)، (T2) 300 کیلوگرم کود نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم در هکتار به نسبت 2:1:1، (T3) 20 تن کود گاوی در هکتار، (T4) 10 تن کمپوست در هکتار، (T5) 5 تن ورمی‌کمپوست در هکتار، (T6) محلول پاشی اسید هیومیک به نسبت 5/1 در هزار، (T7) 50 درصد T2 + T6، (T8) 50 درصد T3 + T6، (T9) 50 درصد T4 +T6 و (T10) 50 درصد T5 + T6 بودند. نتایج نشان داد در اکثر صفات مورد بررسی اختلاف معنی‌داری بین تیمارهای اعمال شده و شاهد وجود داشت، به طوری که بیشترین مقدار ارتفاع و تعداد شاخه‌های جانبی و قطر ساقه در نتیجه کاربرد تیمار کودهای آلی توأم با اسید هیومیک (T8، T9 و T10) حاصل شد. تأثیر کود‌ کمپوست توأم با اسید هیومیک (T9) بر وزن‌تر و خشک کاسبرگ (31/157، 69/22 گرم در بوته)، تعداد میوه در بوته، وزن میوه، تعداد دانه در بوته، و در مورد میزان آنتوسیانین، تأثیر کود گاوی توأم با اسید هیومیک (T8) نسبت به سایر تیمارها بیشتر بود. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که کاربرد کودهای آلی در بهبود عملکرد کمی و کیفی گیاه دارویی چای ترش و همچنین در جهت پایداری تولید و حفظ محیط زیست تأثیر مثبتی داشته و به نظر می‌رسد کودهای آلی جایگزین مناسبی برای کودهای شیمیایی باشند.

La vermicomposta es un abono que mejora la fertilidad del suelo y la productividad de los cultivos; su empleo en la producción de palma de jipi es una alternativa económica y amigable con el ambiente. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto de vermicomposta durante 120 días, en el desarrollo y crecimiento de la hoja de Carludovica palmata R. & P. en una parcela experimental en Santa Cruz Ex‑Hacienda, Calkiní, Campeche. El diseño experimental utilizado fue cuadrado latino, con seis tratamientos y seis repeticiones. Los tratamientos empleados fueron: T1 = 0 Mg ha-1 de vermicomposta, T2 = 5.3 Mg ha-1 de vermicomposta, T3 = 10.6 Mg ha-1 de vermicomposta, T4 = 15.9 Mg ha-1 de vermicomposta, T5 = 10.6 Mg ha-1 de vermicomposta + 0.22 Mg ha-1 de Triple 17 y T6 = 0.22 Mg ha-1 de Triple 17 EM®. No se encontraron diferencias significativas (P > 0.05) en el número de hijuelos, hojas y cogollos entre los tratamientos como tampoco en el testigo; las plantas con el tratamiento T4 incrementaron significativamente la longitud de la hoja, peciolo y limbo con respecto al testigo. En los estadios, los tratamientos T4 y T5 presentaron diferencia significativa en una mayor frecuencia de cogollos con peciolo visible y hojas abiertas respectivamente. El uso de vermicomposta repercutió positivamente en caracteres como producción de cogollos, longitud y reducción de la mortalidad de las hojas.

Introduction Legumes are very important source of protein after cereals. These plants are capable of biological nitrogen fixation and increasing soil fertility as cover crop or including in crop rotation and reducing soil erosion which improve sustainable agriculture. Increasing use of chemical fertilizer which has negative effect on soil structure which cause unbalance on physical and chemical propertied of soil which ultimately reduce nutrient element absorption. Nowadays due to environmental problems use of biological fertilizers are good substitutions. On the other hand biological fertilizer use improve soil fertility. Protein quantity and quality are basic nutritional problem. According to use of more than 85000 tones chemical fertilizers in legume cultivation in Iran. It is necessary to conduct correct and efficient inoculation for each legume crop in the country including bean, which is one of the important crop for human consumption. In most cases biological fertilizers are complementary of chemical fertilizers in a sustainable agriculture. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of interaction effect of mycorrhiza vesicular, Psodomonas bacteria and humic acid on yield and yield components of bean. Material & Methods Mycorrhiza inoculation was prepared in soil science Lab in Tabriz University in sterile sandy loam. Bacterial inoculation Pseudomonas putida prepared in soil biology of Tabriz University. Humic acid extraction was done with method of Kay et al., (2004). For Seed bean Phaseolus vulgaris variety Cos-16 from agronomy and plant breeding department of Tabriz University which is resistant to drought. Soils for this experiment were collected from Khalat Poshan research station from 0 to 25 cm depth and passed through 4mm sieve after sun sterile method. Soil physical and chemical properties were estimated with standard methods. Each pot was filled with three kilogram sterile soil. Seventy gram of mycorrhiza inoculation was spread in 5 cm of top soil and then bacteria inoculation was added to soil just below the seeds. Humic acid extracted from vermicompost and applied to soil in the powder form in three levels, control (H0), 200 mg kg-1(H1), and 400 mg kg-1 (H2). Pots were place in green house at 25C. After treatment application 5 seeds were sown in each pots and pot moisture kept at 0.9 FC. Pots were irrigated with distilled water whenever needed. After 4 months plant roots and shoot properties and plant yield and yield components were estimated. This experiment was conducted in the form of factorial on the base of complete randomize block design in Tarbiat Moalem University of Tabriz. First and second factor were in two levels, control and applied for mycorrhiza (M0 and M1) and bacteria P. putida (S0 and S1) and humic acid in three levels control (H0), 200 mg kg-1 (H1) and 400 mg kg-1 (H2) in three replications. Data analysis was done with MSTATC and SPSS and mean comparison were done with LSD test for significance and figures drown with Excel 2007. Results & Discussion Analysis of variance of data for plant height showed that interaction effects of humic acid and bacteria were significant at 1% level and mycorrhiza was significant at 5% level. Mean comparison of results showed that least plant height mean from interaction of humic acid and bacteria with S0H1 treatment with (28.58 cm) and the highest was (30.35cm) with S1H1 treatment. Analysis of variance showed that main effect of mycorrhiza were significant at 1% level and interaction effect of humic acid and bacteria at 5% level on shoot wet weight of bean. Analysis of variance for main effect of humic acid and mycorrhiza were significant at 1% level for shoot dry weight and main effect of bacteria and interaction effect of bacteria and mycorrhiza were significant at 5% level for shoot dry weight of bean. Analysis of variance showed that main effect of mycorrhiza and humic acid were significant at 1% level and interaction effect of mycorrhiza and humic acid at 5% level on root dry weight. Analysis of variance of Mycorrhiza and bacteria main effect on ratio of root dry weight to shoot were significant at 1% level and main effect of humic acid and interaction effect of humic acid and mycorrhiza were significant at 5% level. Analysis of variance showed that main effect of mycorrhiza and humic acid were significant at 1% level and main effect of bacteria and interaction effect of mycorrhiza and bacteria were significant at 5% level for seed numbers of bean. Analysis of variance showed that main effect of bacteria and mycorrhiza and interaction effect of bacteria and mycorrhiza were significant at 1% level and interaction effect of bacteria and mycorrhiza were significant at 5% level on stem length. Analysis of variance showed that main effect of humic acid and mycorrhiza were significant at 1% level and main effect of bacteria and interaction effect of humic acid and bacteria were significant at 5% level for stem diameter. Analysis of variance showed the main effect of mycorrhiza was significant at 1% level and main effect of humic acid and interaction effect of bacteria and mycorrhiza and interaction effect of bacteria and humic acid and main effect of humic acid were significant at 5% level for the seed yield. Conclusion Analysis of variance of experiment treatments in this research showed that treatment applied had positive effect on agronomic properties of bean and humic acid could have direct and positive effect on plant root and shoot growth.

Response in Growth and Yield of Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) on Giving Vermicompost and Rabbit Urine. The use of chemical fertilizersis an alternative that is often selected farmers to increase the production of shallot. Because of that giving of vermicompost and rabbit urine is expected to replace the role of chemical fertilizers in increasing the growth and production of shallot. This research had been conducted at Farm Resident on street Pasar I number 89 Tanjung Sari, Medan from May until July 2013 using factorial randomized block design with two factor, i.e. dose of vermicompost (0, 15, 30 and 45 g vermicompost/plant) and dose of rabbit urine (0, 125 and 250 cc/l). Parameter observed were plant height, tillers number per clump, leaves number per clump, clove number per sample, wet weight tuber per sample, wet weight tuber per plot, dry weight tuber per sample, and dry weight tuber per plot. The result showed that vermicompost treatment not significantly affected all of parameter observed. Rabbit urine treatment increase plant height, tillers number per clump, clove number per sample, wet weight tuber per sample, wet weight tuber per plot, dry weight tuber per sample, and dry weight tuber per plot. The treatment interaction significantly effected on parameters tillers number per clump and clove number per sample. The best result were showed by vermicompost treatment 15 g/plant and rabbit urine treatment 250 cc/l. Keywords : Vermicompost, rabbit urine, shallot

The use of organic fertilizer is needed to replace the role of chemical fertilizers, preserving the environment and for sustainable agriculture. The study was conducted in Tanjung Sari, Kecamatan Medan Selayang. The research used a Randomized Block Design with two factors. The first factor is varieties (Argomulyo, Burangrang and Anjasmoro). The second factor is the ratio of chemical fertilizers and vermicompost, which include : chemical fertilizer 0% + vermicompost 100%, chemical fertilizer 25% + vermicompost 75%, chemical fertilizer 50% + vermicompost 50%, chemical fertilizer 25% + vermicompost 75%, and chemical 100% + vermicompost 0%. The result showed that Varieties significantly affected the parameters amount of produtive branch, weight of dry plant, weight of dry root, the number of pods per plant, the number of filled pods per plant, weight of dry seed per sample,and weight of 100 seeds. Varieties did not significantly affect the parameters weight of dry seed per plot. The composition ratio of fertilizers significantly affected the parameters weight of dry root, weight of dry seed per sample,and weight of 100 seeds. In addition, the ratio of chemical fertilizers and vermicompost did not significantly affect the parameters amount of produtive branch, weight of dry plant, the number of pods per plant, the number of filled pods per plant,and weight of dry seed per plot. The interaction between varieties and the ratio of chemical fertilizers and vermicompost did not significantly affected for all parameters. Key words : varieties, chemical fertilizers, vermicompost, soybean ABSTRAK

Effects of vermicomposts on tomato yield and quality and soil fertility in greenhouse under different soil water regimes

Introduction: With regard to increasing population of country, need to high agricultural production is essential. The most suitable method for this issue is high production per area unit. Preparation much food and other environmental resources with conservation of biotic resources for futures will be possible only with optimum exploitation of soil. Among effective factors for the most production balanced addition of fertilizers increases production of crops higher than the others. With attention to this topic, determination of soil fertility degree is essential tobetter use of fertilizers and right exploitation of soils. Using fuzzy logic and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) could be useful in accurate determination of soil fertility degree. Materials and Methods: The study area (at the east of Rasht city) is located between 49° 31' to 49° 45' E longitude and 37° 7' to 37° 27' N latitude in north of Guilan Province, northern Iran, in the southern coast of the Caspian sea. 117 soil samples were derived from0-30 cm depth in the study area. Air-dried soil samples were crushed and passed through a 2mm sieve. Available phosphorus, potassium and organic carbon were determined by sodium bicarbonate, normal ammonium acetate and corrected walkly-black method, respectively. In the first stage, the interpolation of data was done by kriging method in GIS context. Then S-shape membership function was defined for each parameter and prepared fuzzy map. After determination of membership function weight parameters maps were determined using AHP technique and finally soil fertility map was prepared with overlaying of weighted fuzzy maps. Relative variance and correlation coefficient criteria used tocontrol groups separation accuracy in fuzzy fertility map. Results and Discussion: With regard to minimum amounts of parameters looks some lands of study area had fertility difficulty. Therefore, soil fertility map of study area distinct these lands and present soil fertility groups for better management of soil and plant nutrition. Weight of soil parameters was0.54, 0.29 and 0.17 for organic carbon, available phosphor and potassium, respectively. Fuzzy map of study area includes five soil fertility groups as: 22.9% very high fertility, 27.7% high fertility, 35.53% medium fertility, 10.48% low fertility and 3.39% very low fertility. Consequently, a separated map for soil fertility prepared to evaluate soil fertility of study area for rice cultivation. Toinvestigatethe efficiency of fuzzy model and AHP in increasing the accuracy of soil fertility map, soil fertility map with Boolean method prepared as well. Boolean map showed 58.88% fertile and 41.12% unfertile.15 soil samples from different soil fertility groups of study area were derived fromcontrol of maps accuracy. 13 renewed samples of 15 and 9 soil samples have matched with fuzzy and Boolean map, respectively. Comparison of parameters mean in fuzzy map fertility groups showed that parameters mean amounts of very high and high fertility groups are higher than optimum level except potassium that is a few lower than optimum level in high fertility group, therefore, addition of fertilizers in these groups could not be useful to increase rice crop production. Phosphorus parameter amount is lower than the critical level in very low, low and medium fertility groups, then in these groups phosphorus fertilizer should be added to the soil toincreaserice production. The amount of potassium parameter is higher than the critical level and lower than optimum limit in very low, low, medium and high fertility groups, then in these groups addition of potassium fertilizer will results in theincrease of production. Organic carbon amount is lower than optimum level in very low and low fertility groups. With regard to the relation between organic carbon andnitrogen and phosphorus, therefore, the addition of organic carbon fertilizer could compensate deficit of nitrogen and phosphorus in these groups as well. Attention to the presented explanations and comparison of fuzzy and Boolean maps using parameters amounts in renewed sampling points for control of maps accuracy, it is distinct that fuzzy logic could influencetheoptimum using of fertilizers with increasing map efficiency and accuracy. In addition, relative variance and correlation coefficient amounts showed that fuzzy map has separatedquite wellparameters changes. Conclusion: Effective parameters in soil fertility, includingorganic carbon, phosphorus and potassium were used topreparesoil fertility map for rice cultivation. With regard to the minimum amounts of parameters looks some lands of study area had fertility difficulty. Therefore, soil fertility map of study area distinct these lands and presents soil fertility groups tobetter management of soil and plant nutrition. Fuzzy and Boolean methods were used topreparesoil fertility map. Comparison of these two approaches showed that fuzzy method with AHP caused to increase theefficiency and accuracy of fertility map for rice. Separated and distinguish soil fertility groups in fuzzy map help suitable distribution and optimum use of fertilizers for rice production.

Partial substitution of manure reduces nitrous oxide emission with maintained yield in a winter wheat crop

The present study was laid out in RBD with three replications.Various organic fertilizers viz., farm yard manure (FYM) @ 7.5 t ha -1 , leaf mould compost @ 7.5 t ha -1 , vermicompost (VC) @ 2.5 t ha -1 , humic acid (HA) @ 0.2 per cent (FS), VAM and inorganic fertilizer (RDF 100:50:150 NPK kg ha -1 ) were applied.The growth and yield parameters were studied at different stages of crop growth.The study revealed that the growth characters viz., plant height, at 30 and 45 DAP, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width and days taken for sixth leaf stage were significantly influenced by the application of organic fertilizers T 9 [Vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha -1 + VAM + humic acid @ 0.2 % (FS)] registered the maximum plant height (73.66 cm and 104.84 cm) at 30 and 45 DAP, respectively, number of leaves (5.60), leaf length (50.03 cm), leaf width (8.62 cm) and minimum days taken for sixth leaf stage (37.10) were recorded.Flowering characters like minimum days taken for first spike emergence (44.10), days taken for first flower to open (51.35) and maximum spike length (110.60 cm), rachis length (44.20 cm), number of florets per spike (11.40), flower weight (4.99 g) and the number of marketable spike per plot (50.45) were also recorded in T 9 .The above treatment also recorded longer vase life (12.66days).From the above experiment, it may be judged that, the application of vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha -1 + VAM + humic acid @ 0.2 per cent (FS) enhanced the growth, flowering and yield of gladiolus.

This review discusses the differences between composting and vermicomposting of biodegradable solid waste. Solid waste management is a major challenge worldwide due to the rise in population and industrialization, leading to larger amount of solid wastes being generated. Biological process has been widely recognized in converting solid organic materials into environmental friendly and value added products. Both composting and vermicomposting are regarded as a suitable way to manage organic waste because it not only helps solve the problem of waste disposal but also produces useful bio-amendment agent (organic fertilizer). In general, vermicomposting is a more superior process as compared to composting. This is because vermicomposting has higher organic matter decomposition rate and nutrients contents of final product. Besides, vermicompost produced higher concentration of hormones and enzymes that could stimulate plant growth and discourage plant pathogens. However, recent studies indicated that a successful combination between composting and vermicomposting has been considered as a possible way to obtain a better quality organic fertilizer. The suggestion to combine both systems is based on the premise that composting enables sanitization and elimination of toxic compounds from the solid wastes, while the subsequent or preceded vermicomposting rapidly reduces particle size and increases nutrient availability to the plants.

This research, for lowering the use of chemical fertilizer, was carried out using combinations of biological and chemical fertilizer on bean in Rasht region in 2012 growing season. The experiment was conducted based on randomized complete blocks design with 12 treatments and three replications. Experimental treatments included: control (no fertilizers and no inoculants), chemical fertilizers (nitrogen and phosphorus) and 10 combinations of inoculated biological (Rhizobium, Pseudomonas, and Bacillus) fertilizers together with chemical fertilizers. Results showed that grain yield, biological yield, 100 grain weight, stem diameter, protein content and protein yield were significantly affected (p

The drastic decline of precipitation over the past decade along with overuse of chemical inputs and consequent soil fertility reduction are the most important problems in the approach to agricultural expansion, particularly in urban landscaping. Therefore, an experiment was designed to examine the effects of different irrigation levels (40, 70 and 100 % of field capacity, or FC) and different vermicompost (VC) levels (0, 2.5 and 5 %) on the morphophysiological parameters of Zinnia elegance ‘Dreamland Red’ in a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications. Results indicated a significant reduction in root/shoot ratio, flower diameter, flower longevity, water use efficiency (WUE), photosynthetic pigments and nutrient uptake, along with reduction in the FC, while VC application improved these features. Based on the results, the highest electrolyte leakage and free radicals were observed in the 40 % of FC level without VC treatment, while the highest antiradical property and phenolic compounds were obtained at the same FC level along with 2.5% VC. Moreover, the highest WUE was observed at 2.5% VC with 70% FC, compared to 40% FC with no VC application. The flower diameter and longevity, as the most important indicators of the zinnias’ quality, were significantly affected by the interaction effects of irrigation and organic fertilizers.

Leucojum aestivum L. contains galanthamine and lycorine, which are two pharmaceutically valuable alkaloids. Vermicompost (VC), an organic waste product created by earthworms enhances soil quality and can improve the medicinal quality of the plant that is crucial to the pharmaceutical industry. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of four different VC concentrations (5 %, 10 %, 25 %, and 50 %) on L. aestivum growth parameters, alkaloid levels (galanthamine and lycorine), total phenol-flavonoid content, free radical scavenging potential, and defense enzyme activities (SOD and CAT) compared to control (no VC). The width, length, and fresh weight of the leaves were improved by 10 % VC treatment. The highest total phenolic content was found in the bulbs and leaves treated with 50 % VC. HPLC-DAD analysis of alkaloids showed that 10 % and 50 % VC treatments contained the most galanthamine in the bulb and leaf extracts, respectively. The application of 25 % VC was the most efficient in terms of lycorine content in both extracts. CAT activity was elevated at 10 %, 25 %, and 50 % VC. Based on the growth performance and galanthamine content of the bulbs and leaves, it can be concluded that a 10 % VC application was the most effective in the cultivation of L. aestivum.

به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر کودهای آلی (اسید هیومیک و عصاره ورمی‌کمپوست) بر خصوصیات رشدی، مورفولوژیکی و فیتوشیمیایی مرزه خوزستانی (Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad.) آزمایشی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی شرکت دارویی خرمان در شهرستان خرم آباد در بهار 1392 به‌ صورت فاکتوریل در قالب بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. تیمارهای مورد بررسی شامل سه غلظت 5، 10و 15 درصد عصاره ورمی‌کمپوست و مقادیر 5/1، 5/2 و 5/3 لیتر در هکتار اسید هیومیک بودند که به صورت محلول‌پاشی مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. فاکتورهای مورد بررسی شامل، ارتفاع بوته، تاج بوته، طول و عرض برگ، عملکرد وزن خشک اندام هوایی، عملکرد وزن خشک برگ، بازده اسانس، عملکرد اسانس، محتوای فنل و فلاونوئید کل بودند. تیمارهای مختلف اسید هیومیک و عصاره ورمی‌کمپوست بر صفات مورفولوژیکی (ارتفاع بوته، تاج بوته، طول و عرض برگ) در طی چهار مرحله نمونه‌برداری قبل از گلدهی تأثیر معنی‌دار نداشتند. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین مقدار وزن خشک اندام هوایی (460 گرم در متر‌مربع)، وزن خشک برگ (33/195 گرم در متر‌مربع) و عملکرد اسانس (38/6 گرم در متر‌مربع) در تیمار 5/3 لیتر در هکتار اسید هیومیک و غلظت 20 درصد عصاره ورمی‌کمپوست به‌دست آمد، که با تیمار شاهد اختلاف معنی‌داری را نشان داد. بیشترین درصد اسانس (43/3 درصد) در تیمار 5/1 لیتر در هکتار اسید هیومیک و غلظت 20 درصد عصاره ورمی‌کمپوست دیده شد. تیمار 5/2 لیتر در هکتار اسید هیومیک و غلظت 5 درصد عصاره ورمی‌کمپوست با (56/46 میکروگرم گالیک اسید در میلی‌گرم عصاره خشک) و تیمار 5/3 لیتر در هکتار اسید هیومیک و غلظت 5 درصد عصاره ورمی‌کمپوست با (13/749 میکروگرم روتین در میلی گرم عصاره خشک) به ترتیب بیشترین تأثیر را بر محتوای فنل و فلاونوئید داشتند. به نظر می‌رسد مصرف مقادیر مناسب از اسید ‌هیومیک و عصاره‌ ورمی‌کمپوست با افزایش مواد آلی خاک، از طریق بهبود فعالیت‌های میکروبی خاک و نیز فراهمی جذب بیشتر عناصر غذایی، سبب افزایش میزان فتوسنتز و ماده خشک گیاهی می‌گردد و در بین تیمار‌های بررسی شده، تیمار 5/3 لیتر در هکتار اسید هیومیک و غلظت 20 درصد عصاره ورمی‌کمپوست به عنوان یکی از بهترین تیمار شناخته شد.