تأثیر کاربرد ورمیکمپوست، محلولپاشی برگی چایکمپوست و اسید هیومیک بر شاخصهای رشد گلرنگ (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر کودهای آلی (اسید هیومیک و عصاره ورمی‌کمپوست) بر خصوصیات رشدی، مورفولوژیکی و فیتوشیمیایی مرزه خوزستانی (Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad.) آزمایشی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی شرکت دارویی خرمان در شهرستان خرم آباد در بهار 1392 به‌ صورت فاکتوریل در قالب بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. تیمارهای مورد بررسی شامل سه غلظت 5، 10و 15 درصد عصاره ورمی‌کمپوست و مقادیر 5/1، 5/2 و 5/3 لیتر در هکتار اسید هیومیک بودند که به صورت محلول‌پاشی مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. فاکتورهای مورد بررسی شامل، ارتفاع بوته، تاج بوته، طول و عرض برگ، عملکرد وزن خشک اندام هوایی، عملکرد وزن خشک برگ، بازده اسانس، عملکرد اسانس، محتوای فنل و فلاونوئید کل بودند. تیمارهای مختلف اسید هیومیک و عصاره ورمی‌کمپوست بر صفات مورفولوژیکی (ارتفاع بوته، تاج بوته، طول و عرض برگ) در طی چهار مرحله نمونه‌برداری قبل از گلدهی تأثیر معنی‌دار نداشتند. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین مقدار وزن خشک اندام هوایی (460 گرم در متر‌مربع)، وزن خشک برگ (33/195 گرم در متر‌مربع) و عملکرد اسانس (38/6 گرم در متر‌مربع) در تیمار 5/3 لیتر در هکتار اسید هیومیک و غلظت 20 درصد عصاره ورمی‌کمپوست به‌دست آمد، که با تیمار شاهد اختلاف معنی‌داری را نشان داد. بیشترین درصد اسانس (43/3 درصد) در تیمار 5/1 لیتر در هکتار اسید هیومیک و غلظت 20 درصد عصاره ورمی‌کمپوست دیده شد. تیمار 5/2 لیتر در هکتار اسید هیومیک و غلظت 5 درصد عصاره ورمی‌کمپوست با (56/46 میکروگرم گالیک اسید در میلی‌گرم عصاره خشک) و تیمار 5/3 لیتر در هکتار اسید هیومیک و غلظت 5 درصد عصاره ورمی‌کمپوست با (13/749 میکروگرم روتین در میلی گرم عصاره خشک) به ترتیب بیشترین تأثیر را بر محتوای فنل و فلاونوئید داشتند. به نظر می‌رسد مصرف مقادیر مناسب از اسید ‌هیومیک و عصاره‌ ورمی‌کمپوست با افزایش مواد آلی خاک، از طریق بهبود فعالیت‌های میکروبی خاک و نیز فراهمی جذب بیشتر عناصر غذایی، سبب افزایش میزان فتوسنتز و ماده خشک گیاهی می‌گردد و در بین تیمار‌های بررسی شده، تیمار 5/3 لیتر در هکتار اسید هیومیک و غلظت 20 درصد عصاره ورمی‌کمپوست به عنوان یکی از بهترین تیمار شناخته شد.

به منظور بررسی اثر سیستم های گوناگون تغذیه ای بر عملکرد و اجزاء عملکرد گیاه روغنی آفتابگردان رقم یوروفلور (Helianthus annuus L.) در شرایط تنش رطوبتی، آزمایشی به صورت کرت های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان در سال 93-1392 اجرا شد. تیمارها شامل دو سطح آبیاری بهینه و تنش کم آبیاری (به ترتیب آبیاری پس از 60 و 120 میلی متر تبخیر از تشتک تبخیر کلاس A) به عنوان کرت های اصلی و تیمارهای گوناگون تغذیه گیاهی شامل: 1- عدم کاربرد هر گونه کود شیمیایی و زیستی (شاهد)، 2- کاربرد 100 درصد کود شیمیایی پیشنهاد شده (NPK)، 3- کود آلی ورمی‌کمپوست، 4- کود زیستی فسفونیتروکارا، 5- ورمی‌کمپوست+ فسفونیتروکارا، 6- ورمی‌کمپوست+ 50 درصد کود شیمیایی نیتروژن و فسفر پیشنهاد شده، 7- فسفو نیتروکارا+ 50 درصد کود شیمیایی نیتروژن و فسفر پیشنهاد شده، 8- ورمی‌کمپوست+ فسفونیتروکارا+ 50 درصد کود شیمیایی نیتروژن و فسفر پیشنهاد شده و9 - 50 درصد کود شیمیایی نیتروژن و فسفر پیشنهاد شده به عنوان کرت های فرعی بود. نتایج حاصل از این بررسی نشان داد که تنش کم آبی و تیمارهای تغذیه ای به طور معنی داری تمامی صفات اندازه گیری شده را تحت تأثیر قرار دادند. همچنین اثر متقابل سیستم تغذیه در آبیاری بر صفات وزن طبق، تعداد دانه در طبق، عملکرد دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیک معنی دار بود. بالاترین عملکرد دانه در شرایط آبیاری بهینه با کاربرد کامل کود شیمیایی به دست آمد (591 گرم در مترمربع)، در حالی که در شرایط تنش کم آبی، بیشترین عملکرد (314 گرم در مترمربع) به کاربرد ورمی‌کمپوست به همراه نیمی از کود شیمیایی توصیه شده تعلق داشت. به طور کلی، از مقایسه کودهای بررسی شده چنین به نظر می رسد که کاهش مصرف کودهای شیمیایی و جایگزینی آن با ورمی‌کمپوست می تواند در راستای نیل به کشاورزی پایدار در شرایط تنش رطوبتی، مؤثر واقع شود.

به منظور بررسی اثرات کود‌‌های آلی و شیمیایی بر برخی ویژگی‌های کمی و کیفی چای ترش آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با 10 تیمار و 4 تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زابل انجام شد. تیمار‌ها شامل: (T1) عدم مصرف کود (شاهد)، (T2) 300 کیلوگرم کود نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم در هکتار به نسبت 2:1:1، (T3) 20 تن کود گاوی در هکتار، (T4) 10 تن کمپوست در هکتار، (T5) 5 تن ورمی‌کمپوست در هکتار، (T6) محلول پاشی اسید هیومیک به نسبت 5/1 در هزار، (T7) 50 درصد T2 + T6، (T8) 50 درصد T3 + T6، (T9) 50 درصد T4 +T6 و (T10) 50 درصد T5 + T6 بودند. نتایج نشان داد در اکثر صفات مورد بررسی اختلاف معنی‌داری بین تیمارهای اعمال شده و شاهد وجود داشت، به طوری که بیشترین مقدار ارتفاع و تعداد شاخه‌های جانبی و قطر ساقه در نتیجه کاربرد تیمار کودهای آلی توأم با اسید هیومیک (T8، T9 و T10) حاصل شد. تأثیر کود‌ کمپوست توأم با اسید هیومیک (T9) بر وزن‌تر و خشک کاسبرگ (31/157، 69/22 گرم در بوته)، تعداد میوه در بوته، وزن میوه، تعداد دانه در بوته، و در مورد میزان آنتوسیانین، تأثیر کود گاوی توأم با اسید هیومیک (T8) نسبت به سایر تیمارها بیشتر بود. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که کاربرد کودهای آلی در بهبود عملکرد کمی و کیفی گیاه دارویی چای ترش و همچنین در جهت پایداری تولید و حفظ محیط زیست تأثیر مثبتی داشته و به نظر می‌رسد کودهای آلی جایگزین مناسبی برای کودهای شیمیایی باشند.

Leucojum aestivum L. contains galanthamine and lycorine, which are two pharmaceutically valuable alkaloids. Vermicompost (VC), an organic waste product created by earthworms enhances soil quality and can improve the medicinal quality of the plant that is crucial to the pharmaceutical industry. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of four different VC concentrations (5 %, 10 %, 25 %, and 50 %) on L. aestivum growth parameters, alkaloid levels (galanthamine and lycorine), total phenol-flavonoid content, free radical scavenging potential, and defense enzyme activities (SOD and CAT) compared to control (no VC). The width, length, and fresh weight of the leaves were improved by 10 % VC treatment. The highest total phenolic content was found in the bulbs and leaves treated with 50 % VC. HPLC-DAD analysis of alkaloids showed that 10 % and 50 % VC treatments contained the most galanthamine in the bulb and leaf extracts, respectively. The application of 25 % VC was the most efficient in terms of lycorine content in both extracts. CAT activity was elevated at 10 %, 25 %, and 50 % VC. Based on the growth performance and galanthamine content of the bulbs and leaves, it can be concluded that a 10 % VC application was the most effective in the cultivation of L. aestivum.

'l7Iis research is done to know the influences of the maturity vemUcompost level of mushroom cultivated waste on the growth of se/ada, to know the influences of the combination between soil and vermicompost of mushroom cultivated waste on the growth of selada, to know the influences of interaction between vermicompost maturity level and the combination between soil and vermicompost on the growth of selada and to know what the vermicompost of mushroom cultivated waste can be used as organicfertiliser of seiada cultivation. This research is done to know the response of selada crop planted on dijJerentmaturation vermicompost media. The preparation that must be done before areproduce vermicompost and breeding of selada crop and analise ofvermicompost.The dependent variabel of this research is maturation vermicompostlevel (composted during 1month), half maturity (composted duringtwo months) and mature (composted during 3 months). The combination between soil and compost is 2:1, 3:1 and 4:1. The independent variabel is the growth of Selada that include wet weight (gram), high of crop (em), number of leaf (piece), and dry weight of crop (gram). The data of the research result of crop growth analysed using completly random design factorial. When there is a significant different continued with Duncan Multiple Range Test}. The quality of product examined by test quality of crop vegetable.Based on the research result can be concluded that the maturity vermicompost level of mushroom cultivated waste influences the cropgrowth by using of wet weight, dry weight, number of leaf and high of crop. The maturity vermicompost level give the significant different on all of the independent variable. The maturity level give the best growth. The comparation between soil and vermicompost 2:1; 3: 1; and 4:1; the 3:1 comparation gives the highst value for wet weight and d weight. .Whilefor. the high of crop and the number of leaf tZ c~mpartwn of SOli and vermicompost dont give the significant difJere~t. Ba~ed on that result the best use ofvermicompost is 3:1. There.ls n~t interaction between vermicompost maturity level and the combination between soil and vermicompost on the growth of selada. Based on the result of analise the vermicompost and the response of the growth of selada, so that the vermicompost of mushroom cultivated waste can be used as organicfertiliser ofselada.

The drastic decline of precipitation over the past decade along with overuse of chemical inputs and consequent soil fertility reduction are the most important problems in the approach to agricultural expansion, particularly in urban landscaping. Therefore, an experiment was designed to examine the effects of different irrigation levels (40, 70 and 100 % of field capacity, or FC) and different vermicompost (VC) levels (0, 2.5 and 5 %) on the morphophysiological parameters of Zinnia elegance ‘Dreamland Red’ in a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications. Results indicated a significant reduction in root/shoot ratio, flower diameter, flower longevity, water use efficiency (WUE), photosynthetic pigments and nutrient uptake, along with reduction in the FC, while VC application improved these features. Based on the results, the highest electrolyte leakage and free radicals were observed in the 40 % of FC level without VC treatment, while the highest antiradical property and phenolic compounds were obtained at the same FC level along with 2.5% VC. Moreover, the highest WUE was observed at 2.5% VC with 70% FC, compared to 40% FC with no VC application. The flower diameter and longevity, as the most important indicators of the zinnias’ quality, were significantly affected by the interaction effects of irrigation and organic fertilizers.

Bacterial species in the plant-beneficial-environmental branch of Alcaligenes characterize an important part of rhizosphere microbes. The effects of plant growth-promoting Alcaligenes sp. AZ9 (accession #KU494828) on soil status and maize (Zea mays L.) performance were evaluated in single or combined applications with soil amendments, such as biochar (BC) prepared through pyrolysis of maize straw at 300 oC, rock phosphate enriched compost (CM), and humic acid (HA) in two wirehouse experiments under natural environment. Qualitative P solubilization of Alcaligenes sp. AZ9 revealed the appearance of a halo zone up to 19.1 mm in agar medium with P solubilizing index 4.27 and P solubilizing efficiency 327%. Alcaligenes sp. AZ9 showed solubilization of P up to 30.85 µg mL−1 by lowering pH of medium from 7.0 to 5.25. The application of Alcaligenes sp. AZ9 significantly improved soil biological attributes, such as bacterial colony forming unit by 20.5%, soil organic carbon by 10.3%, soil organic matter by 5.1%, and water content of saturated soil by 5.7%. The combined application of Alcaligenes sp. AZ9 with either BC, CM, or HA or with their mixture (BC plus CM plus HA) significantly increased the above biological attributes of soil than the application of Alcaligenes sp. AZ9 alone. Moreover, the integrated application of Alcaligenes sp. AZ9 with BC, CM, and HA significantly improved growth and yield attributes of maize in terms of root length (26%), plant height (39%), shoot fresh biomass (31%), shoot dry biomass (32%), root fresh biomass (30%), root dry biomass (34%), 100-grains weight (26%), stover yield (28%), and grain yield (19%). Similarly, the integrated application of Alcaligenes sp. AZ9 with BC, CM, and HA promoted N, P, and K in maize grain concentration by 12%, 11%, and 11%, respectively, compared with the application of organic amendments without Alcaligenes sp. AZ9. Combined application of Alcaligenes sp. AZ9 with BC, CM, and HA could be an effective strategy to improve plant growth, nutrients uptake, and yield of maize in the context of sustainable agriculture. In future research, the effects of integrated application of Alcaligenes sp. AZ9 with BC, CM, and/or HA should be further evaluated under field conditions.

A field experiment was conducted during the kharif season of 2024 at Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, to evaluate the effects of humic acid (HA) and vermicompost (VC) on the growth, yield and soil nutrient status of Bajra (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.). The trial followed a randomized block design (RBD) with nine treatments and three replications, including combinations of HA (5 and 10 L ha-1) and VC (2 and 4 t ha-1), along with a control. The treatment combining HA at 10 L ha-1 and VC at 4 t ha-1 showed a significantly improvement in plant height (198.4 cm), tiller number (3.2 per plant) and yield-related traits. It produced the highest grain yield (2065.8 kg ha-1) and stover yield (2706.2 kg ha-1). Nutrient uptake was also maximized under this treatment, with nitrogen (67.8 kg ha-1), phosphorus (14.2 kg ha-1) and potassium (66.4 kg ha-1) uptake being highest. Post-harvest soil analysis revealed improved fertility, with increased available N, P, K and organic carbon. These findings suggest that the combined application of HA and VC substantially enhances crop performance and soil health, offering a sustainable approach for Bajra cultivation in Typic Haplustept soils.

This review discusses the differences between composting and vermicomposting of biodegradable solid waste. Solid waste management is a major challenge worldwide due to the rise in population and industrialization, leading to larger amount of solid wastes being generated. Biological process has been widely recognized in converting solid organic materials into environmental friendly and value added products. Both composting and vermicomposting are regarded as a suitable way to manage organic waste because it not only helps solve the problem of waste disposal but also produces useful bio-amendment agent (organic fertilizer). In general, vermicomposting is a more superior process as compared to composting. This is because vermicomposting has higher organic matter decomposition rate and nutrients contents of final product. Besides, vermicompost produced higher concentration of hormones and enzymes that could stimulate plant growth and discourage plant pathogens. However, recent studies indicated that a successful combination between composting and vermicomposting has been considered as a possible way to obtain a better quality organic fertilizer. The suggestion to combine both systems is based on the premise that composting enables sanitization and elimination of toxic compounds from the solid wastes, while the subsequent or preceded vermicomposting rapidly reduces particle size and increases nutrient availability to the plants.

Response in Growth and Yield of Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) on Giving Vermicompost and Rabbit Urine. The use of chemical fertilizersis an alternative that is often selected farmers to increase the production of shallot. Because of that giving of vermicompost and rabbit urine is expected to replace the role of chemical fertilizers in increasing the growth and production of shallot. This research had been conducted at Farm Resident on street Pasar I number 89 Tanjung Sari, Medan from May until July 2013 using factorial randomized block design with two factor, i.e. dose of vermicompost (0, 15, 30 and 45 g vermicompost/plant) and dose of rabbit urine (0, 125 and 250 cc/l). Parameter observed were plant height, tillers number per clump, leaves number per clump, clove number per sample, wet weight tuber per sample, wet weight tuber per plot, dry weight tuber per sample, and dry weight tuber per plot. The result showed that vermicompost treatment not significantly affected all of parameter observed. Rabbit urine treatment increase plant height, tillers number per clump, clove number per sample, wet weight tuber per sample, wet weight tuber per plot, dry weight tuber per sample, and dry weight tuber per plot. The treatment interaction significantly effected on parameters tillers number per clump and clove number per sample. The best result were showed by vermicompost treatment 15 g/plant and rabbit urine treatment 250 cc/l. Keywords : Vermicompost, rabbit urine, shallot

Two field experiments were carried out during the fall seasons of 2012 and 2013 at the Agriculture Research Farm, El-Kassasien Hort. Res. Station, Ismalia Governorate, Egypt, and storage Lab., Hort. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Zagazig University, to study the effect of seed and soil inoculation (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, soil yeast) as well as foliar application with some natural materials (pigeon manure tea, compost tea, humic acid and effective microorganisms) on growth, photosynthetic pigments, yield and its components as well as chemical constituents of snap bean pods (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cv. Paulista. It aimed also to study the effect of the abovementioned treatments on snap bean pods storability during cold storage at 7 oC and 90-95% RH in different periods, i.e., 7, 14,21 and 28 days. Results show that there were significant increases in vegetative growth characters, photosynthetic pigments, yield and it's components as well as some chemical constituents of pods as aresult of snap bean seeds inoculation with AMF plus application with soil yeast around root zone by using hand sprayer as compared to other treatments. Spraying snap bean plants with pigeon manure tea at 10g/L recorded maximum values of vegetative growth characters, photosynthetic pigments, yield and it's components as well as chemical constituents of pods followed by humic acid at 3cm3/L as compared to the control. The interaction treatment between dual inoculation with AMF and soil yeast and foliar spray with pigeon manure tea gave the highest values of vegetative growth characters, photosynthetic pigments, yield and it's components as well as chemical constituents of pods followed by the interaction treatment between dual inoculation with AMF and soil yeast and foliar spray with humic acid. Generally, quality parameters of snap bean pods during cold storage at 7 oC and 90-95 RH indicate that weight loss was increased, while dry matter, total carbohydrates and crude protein percentage in snap bean pods were decreased as the storage period prolonged up to 28 days from the beginning of storage period. Green pods obtained from plants treating by dual inoculation with AMF and soil yeast and sprayed with pigeon manure tea or humic acid and stored at 7 oC and 90-95 RH for 21 days was the best interaction treatment recorded the lowest values of weight loss and the best values of dry matter, total carbohydrates and crude protein percentage.

The present study was laid out in RBD with three replications.Various organic fertilizers viz., farm yard manure (FYM) @ 7.5 t ha -1 , leaf mould compost @ 7.5 t ha -1 , vermicompost (VC) @ 2.5 t ha -1 , humic acid (HA) @ 0.2 per cent (FS), VAM and inorganic fertilizer (RDF 100:50:150 NPK kg ha -1 ) were applied.The growth and yield parameters were studied at different stages of crop growth.The study revealed that the growth characters viz., plant height, at 30 and 45 DAP, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width and days taken for sixth leaf stage were significantly influenced by the application of organic fertilizers T 9 [Vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha -1 + VAM + humic acid @ 0.2 % (FS)] registered the maximum plant height (73.66 cm and 104.84 cm) at 30 and 45 DAP, respectively, number of leaves (5.60), leaf length (50.03 cm), leaf width (8.62 cm) and minimum days taken for sixth leaf stage (37.10) were recorded.Flowering characters like minimum days taken for first spike emergence (44.10), days taken for first flower to open (51.35) and maximum spike length (110.60 cm), rachis length (44.20 cm), number of florets per spike (11.40), flower weight (4.99 g) and the number of marketable spike per plot (50.45) were also recorded in T 9 .The above treatment also recorded longer vase life (12.66days).From the above experiment, it may be judged that, the application of vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha -1 + VAM + humic acid @ 0.2 per cent (FS) enhanced the growth, flowering and yield of gladiolus.

Enrichment of soils with organic amendments could increase the content of available nutrients, improve soil chemical characteristics and increase plant growth. In the current pots experiment, the influences of biochar (BC), humic acid (HA), and compost (CO) on barely growth were investigated under saline conditions. Barely plants grown on a clay loam soil and irrigated with saline water concentration of (EC = 13.8 dS m−1) were amended with BC, HA and CO at a rate of 1 or 3% of soil weight. The results showed that BC, HA and CO treatments had significant effects on the soil salinity, pH, organic matter (SOM), and plant nutrients. The results showed that the high rate application of BC, HA and CO increased the SOM by 14, 75 and 58% respectively, above the control. Consequently, the total chlorophyll as affected by the treatments can be arranged in descending order: BC3 > CO1 > CO3 > HA3 > HA1 > BC1 > C. The high rates of BC, HA and CO increased the dry biomass by 28.0, 21.6 and 39.7% respectively, above the control %, respectively, above the control. The investigated organic amendments increased the nutrients availability and uptake and enhanced the synthesis of chlorophyll in the plant tissues and this may be the reason of increasing the ability of barley to tolerate salinity.

Introduction Legumes are very important source of protein after cereals. These plants are capable of biological nitrogen fixation and increasing soil fertility as cover crop or including in crop rotation and reducing soil erosion which improve sustainable agriculture. Increasing use of chemical fertilizer which has negative effect on soil structure which cause unbalance on physical and chemical propertied of soil which ultimately reduce nutrient element absorption. Nowadays due to environmental problems use of biological fertilizers are good substitutions. On the other hand biological fertilizer use improve soil fertility. Protein quantity and quality are basic nutritional problem. According to use of more than 85000 tones chemical fertilizers in legume cultivation in Iran. It is necessary to conduct correct and efficient inoculation for each legume crop in the country including bean, which is one of the important crop for human consumption. In most cases biological fertilizers are complementary of chemical fertilizers in a sustainable agriculture. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of interaction effect of mycorrhiza vesicular, Psodomonas bacteria and humic acid on yield and yield components of bean. Material & Methods Mycorrhiza inoculation was prepared in soil science Lab in Tabriz University in sterile sandy loam. Bacterial inoculation Pseudomonas putida prepared in soil biology of Tabriz University. Humic acid extraction was done with method of Kay et al., (2004). For Seed bean Phaseolus vulgaris variety Cos-16 from agronomy and plant breeding department of Tabriz University which is resistant to drought. Soils for this experiment were collected from Khalat Poshan research station from 0 to 25 cm depth and passed through 4mm sieve after sun sterile method. Soil physical and chemical properties were estimated with standard methods. Each pot was filled with three kilogram sterile soil. Seventy gram of mycorrhiza inoculation was spread in 5 cm of top soil and then bacteria inoculation was added to soil just below the seeds. Humic acid extracted from vermicompost and applied to soil in the powder form in three levels, control (H0), 200 mg kg-1(H1), and 400 mg kg-1 (H2). Pots were place in green house at 25C. After treatment application 5 seeds were sown in each pots and pot moisture kept at 0.9 FC. Pots were irrigated with distilled water whenever needed. After 4 months plant roots and shoot properties and plant yield and yield components were estimated. This experiment was conducted in the form of factorial on the base of complete randomize block design in Tarbiat Moalem University of Tabriz. First and second factor were in two levels, control and applied for mycorrhiza (M0 and M1) and bacteria P. putida (S0 and S1) and humic acid in three levels control (H0), 200 mg kg-1 (H1) and 400 mg kg-1 (H2) in three replications. Data analysis was done with MSTATC and SPSS and mean comparison were done with LSD test for significance and figures drown with Excel 2007. Results & Discussion Analysis of variance of data for plant height showed that interaction effects of humic acid and bacteria were significant at 1% level and mycorrhiza was significant at 5% level. Mean comparison of results showed that least plant height mean from interaction of humic acid and bacteria with S0H1 treatment with (28.58 cm) and the highest was (30.35cm) with S1H1 treatment. Analysis of variance showed that main effect of mycorrhiza were significant at 1% level and interaction effect of humic acid and bacteria at 5% level on shoot wet weight of bean. Analysis of variance for main effect of humic acid and mycorrhiza were significant at 1% level for shoot dry weight and main effect of bacteria and interaction effect of bacteria and mycorrhiza were significant at 5% level for shoot dry weight of bean. Analysis of variance showed that main effect of mycorrhiza and humic acid were significant at 1% level and interaction effect of mycorrhiza and humic acid at 5% level on root dry weight. Analysis of variance of Mycorrhiza and bacteria main effect on ratio of root dry weight to shoot were significant at 1% level and main effect of humic acid and interaction effect of humic acid and mycorrhiza were significant at 5% level. Analysis of variance showed that main effect of mycorrhiza and humic acid were significant at 1% level and main effect of bacteria and interaction effect of mycorrhiza and bacteria were significant at 5% level for seed numbers of bean. Analysis of variance showed that main effect of bacteria and mycorrhiza and interaction effect of bacteria and mycorrhiza were significant at 1% level and interaction effect of bacteria and mycorrhiza were significant at 5% level on stem length. Analysis of variance showed that main effect of humic acid and mycorrhiza were significant at 1% level and main effect of bacteria and interaction effect of humic acid and bacteria were significant at 5% level for stem diameter. Analysis of variance showed the main effect of mycorrhiza was significant at 1% level and main effect of humic acid and interaction effect of bacteria and mycorrhiza and interaction effect of bacteria and humic acid and main effect of humic acid were significant at 5% level for the seed yield. Conclusion Analysis of variance of experiment treatments in this research showed that treatment applied had positive effect on agronomic properties of bean and humic acid could have direct and positive effect on plant root and shoot growth.

به‌‌منظور بررسی اثر تنش قلیائیت بر رشد رویشی و برخی ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیک گیاه گلرنگ آزمایشی در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه ولی‌عصر (عج) رفسنجان به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاٌ تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل تنش قلیائیت در هفت سطح (0، 10، 20، 30، 40، 50 و 60‌میلی‌مولار) و دو رقم گلرنگ (صفه و 411) بودند. نتایج نشان‌داد که تنش قلیائیت موجب کاهش طول ساقه و ریشه، وزن خشک اندام هوایی و وزن خشک ریشه گردید در حالی‌که میزان پرولین، قندهای محلول و مالون‌دی‌آلدئید را افزایش داد. هم‌چنین با افزایش تنش قلیائیت پتانسیل عملکرد کوانتوم (Fv/Fm)، کارایی شاخص فتوسنتز (PI)، میزان کلروفیل a، کلروفیل b، کلروفیل کل و پتاسیم کاهش پیدا کرد در حالی‌که میزان کاروتنوئید، سدیم و نسبت سدیم به پتاسیم افزایش یافت. رقم 411 از نظر خصوصیات رویشی، میزان کلروفیل a و کل بر رقم صفه برتری نشان‌داد. هم‌چنین هر دو رقم عکس العمل یکسانی به تنش قلیائیت نشان‌دادند.