New Compact Microstrip Patch Antennas: Design and Simulation Results

In the present study, the suitability of Ni-Co spinel ferrites as dielectric substrate for microstrip patch antenna has been reconnoitered in X-band frequency range. The scrutinized spinel ferrites with chemical composition Ni 1 . xCoxFe 2 O 4 (x=0.00,0.30,0.60,0.90) were synthesized using Pechini's sol gel method. For the present study, Ansoft Designer SV2 was used to design and analyze the microstrip patch antenna. Simulation of antenna was done at resonant frequency of 10.02 GHz, which makes this research to find application in military and surveillance. Firstly, the antenna dimensions were calculated using resonant frequency and electromagnetic properties of the compositions. The antenna output parameters such as return loss, bandwidth, VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio), Smith Chart and radiation pattern were subsequently analyzed by the simulation Based on the analysis, Ni-Co ferrite Ni 0.l Co 0.9 Fe 2 O 4 has come out to be the best alternative out of the studied compositions for its possible usage as efficient dielectric substrate in microstrip patch antenna in 8.2 – 12.4 GHz frequency range.

Objectives: To design new multiband antennas based on slotted rectangular patch antenna moisture sensor with comparative results to each other. The moisture sensors is compact size, easy design, low cost and have high quality responses which can be applied for determination of soil moisture measurement. A frequency reconfigurable antenna is presented with operating frequency between 2GHz to 5GHz. Methods/Statistical Analysis: A reconfigurable microstrip patch sensor is designed by using a slotted rectangular patch antenna for determination of soil moisture measurement. The length and width of the ground and patch is 30mm and 25mm as well as three slotted on the patch for accuracy. It is designed on FR-4 substrate with a relative dielectric constant 4.4 and thickness 1.6mm which is simulated by CST software as well as gets the magnitude and phase of modified design. Findings: The proposed antenna exhibits multi-frequency behavior. The modified antenna is capable for measuring the moisture between 2GHz to 5GHz. At these frequencies slotted rectangular patch antenna moisture sensor produces return loss 25dBi and capable for measure the moisture in soil with accuracy. When the resonant frequency is decreased with increase the moisture level. It will be designed for measuring the accuracy with a less time as well as triple resonant frequencies. The moisture content can be minimum and maximum at different frequencies and that can be considered for the better implementation of the approach by using the vector network analyzer. Applications/Improvements: In this paper a compact frequency reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna as a moisture sensor is presented with good return loss as well as resonant frequency for measuring the moisture in soil with accuracy as compare with the conventional one.

The Microstrip Patch Antenna’s (MPA’s) find usability in several day to day applications. They hold several advantages like low-profile structure, low fabrication cost, and they support both circular as well as linear polarizations, etc. This paper proposes MPA for Wi-Fi applications where it is used within the 2.4 GHz range of frequencies (IEEE 802.11). Although various antenna designs are currently prevalent to support the existing systems, in-order to overcome the bandwidth limitations, Alpha-Numeric (Alphabets and Numbers) Microstrip Patch Antennas are proposed in this paper. The MPA’s are designed with 2.4 GHz as their resonant frequency. The simulation results based on the essential antenna performance analysis parameters like Return Loss, Gain, Radiated Power and Directivity are discussed. The antenna’s are designed with a thickness of 1.5 mm, height of 70 mm and width of 60 mm, the substrate material of the antenna’s is Flame Retardant 4 (FR4) and its relative permittivity is 4.4. The designs for all the Microstrip Patch Antennas are simulated using Advanced Design System 2009 (ADS) software.

This paper presents a new design of the microstrip patch antenna operated at the terahertz frequencies (700-850 GHz). The conventional microstrip patch antenna dimensions shrink to a few microns when operating at such terahertz frequencies. Thus, the design of the patch and its feeding network will be miniaturized extremely, and their fabrications would be extremely difficult. In this paper, the configuration of the proposed microstrip patch antenna is suited in a way that it can be modeled using multilayers structure. This multilayer structure facilitates the modeling, and considering its fabrication. The proposed microstrip antenna has been designed using three layers. The top layer is used to model the rectangular patch; while the second layer is for the substrate, and the bottom layer is for the ground plane. The physical dimensions of the layers and the fed-line are optimised using the microwave Computer Simulation Technology (CST) simulator in order to enhance the electrical parameters of the antenna such as antenna realised gain, bandwidth, total and radiation efficiencies, and radiation patterns. In addition to that, the impact of the physical dimensions of the rectangular patch on controlling the resonant frequency of the dominant mode (TM01) have been investigated. Keeping the lower and higher propagating modes out of the frequency band of interest is another aspect which has been addressed in this paper. The antenna has been simulated, and its realised gain fluctuates from 6.4 dBi to 9.7 dBi over the operating frequency range (700-850 GHz). Also, it provides extremely large reflection coefficient bandwidth (S11) which it is below -10 dB over the entire operating frequency band. The total efficiency is more than 75 %. Due to its simplicity and providing large bandwidth, the proposed antenna could be of interest in many security and surveillance applications.

One of the important aspects of a microstrip patch antennas is the variety of feeding technique applicable to them. A good impedance matching condition between the line and patch without any additional matching elements depends heavily on feeding techniques used. This work is an effort to model and simulate three different types of microstrip antenna's feeding methods on a rectangular patch. Simulation is done using the circuit model derived from the transmission line model (TLM), and is compared with another simulation set of feeding methods produced using the method of moments (MoM). Both methods are simulated on Microwave Office. This design intends to focus on designing the patch and its respective feeds, simulate it using method-of-moments (MoM), and fabricate it. Radiation measurements are also presented. Designs for each feeding technique achieved the best return loss at the desired frequency range, which is 2.4 GHz. The fabricated hardware produces good return loss and comparable radiative performance with simulation using MoM

A feasibility study of a novel configuration for a super-wide impedance planar antenna is presented based on a 2 × 2 microstrip patch antenna (MPA) using CST Microwave Studio. The antenna comprises a symmetrical arrangement of four-square patches that are interconnected to each other with cross-shaped high impedance microstrip lines. The antenna array is excited through a single feedline connected to one of the patches. The proposed antenna array configuration overcomes the main drawback of conventional MPA with a narrow bandwidth that is typically <5%. The antenna exhibits a super-wide frequency bandwidth from 20 GHz to 120 GHz for S11 < −15 dB, which corresponds to a fractional bandwidth of 142.85%. The antenna’s performance of bandwidth, impedance match, and radiation gain were enhanced by etching slots on the patches. With the inclusion of the slot, the maximum radiation gain and efficiency of the MPA increased to 15.11 dBi and 85.79% at 80 GHz, which showed an improvement of 2.58 dBi and 12.54%, respectively. The dimension of each patch antenna was 4.3 × 5.3 mm2. The results showed that the proposed MPA is useful for various existing and emerging communication systems such as ultra-wideband (UWB) communications, RFID systems, massive multiple-output multiple-input (MIMO) for 5G, and radar systems.

An inverted F-shaped slotted broadband metasurface-based circularly polarized patch antenna for 5G application

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In this paper two rectangular microstrip patch antennas are proposed and simulated to operating at 2.4 GHz. The antennasare designed on FR-4 substrate with 4.4 dielectric constant, 0.02 loss tangent, and 1.58 mm, 3 mm thickness for Antenna_1 and Antenna_2 respectively. The dimensions of Antenna_2 is adjusted to enhance its bandwidth and gain. The simulations of the proposed antennas are done by using HFSS software. The radiation parameters of two antennassuch as return loss, VSWR, Gain, and Beam width are studied and compared. Also the comparison between the obtained results of proposed antennasand other published antennas are done.

The strain sensors based on microstrip patch antennas have shown great potential for structural health monitoring (SHM) in aerospace and civil industries. This paper will introduce a novel method of strain measurement in which the shift in antenna resonant frequency can be utilized to measure strain. The patch antenna sensor with a rectangular patch radiates at two fundamental modes (TM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sub> and TM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">01</sub> ) and their resonant frequencies (f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sub> and f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">01</sub> ) are determined by the corresponding electrical length of the current flow. An applied strain changes the dimensions of the microstrip patch antenna, resulting in the electrical length change, which has different influences on the electricity flow as well. Therefore, the structural strain information can be collected by the change of antenna resonant frequencies. Four categories of proposed sensors with different dimensions were designed and manufactured to measure the strain applied to the cantilever beam, and the experimental results show that there is a strong linear relationship between the resonant frequency shift and the applied strain. Besides, antenna sensors have more sensitivity at higher initial resonant frequencies, which is in good agreement with the theoretical analysis. The investigation can provide a preliminary theoretical basis for the application of this innovative measuring strain technology in the wireless SHM system.

A wideband E shaped microstrip patch antenna with reduced ground plane is designed on a substrate of 1.6 mm thickness at resonant frequency of 5.4GHz.The proposed antenna is slotted into an Eshape to enhance its bandwidth. The composite effect of integrating reduced ground structure and by introducing the novel slotted patch, offer a low profile, broadband, high gain, and compact antenna element. The proposed antenna provides very good return loss S 11 characteristics and impedance behavior. The surface current and power plots verify the design of proposed antenna for WLAN applications.

Flash memory chips are playing a critical role in semiconductor devices due to increased popularity of hand held electronic communication devices such as cell phones and PDAs (personal Digital Assistants). Flash memory offers two primary advantages in semiconductor devices. First, it offers flexibility of in-circuit programming capability to reduce the loss from programming errors and to significantly reduce commercialization time to market for new devices. Second, flash memory has a double density memory capability through stacked gate structures which increases the memory capability and thus saves significantly on chip real estate. However, due to stacked gate structures the requirements for manufacturing of flash memory devices are significantly different from traditional memory devices. Stacked gate structures also offer unique challenges to lithographic patterning materials such as Bottom Anti-Reflective Coating (BARC) compositions used to achieve CD control and to minimize standing wave effect in photolithography. To be applicable in flash memory manufacturing a BARC should form a conformal coating on high topography of stacked gate features as well as provide the normal anti-reflection properties for CD control. In this paper we report on a new highly conformal advanced i-line BARC for use in design and manufacture of flash memory devices. Conformal BARCs being significantly thinner in trenches than the planarizing BARCs offer the advantage of reducing BARC overetch and thus minimizing resist thickness loss.

The purpose of this research is to design such microstrip patch antenna which has multiple band of frequencies and has ability to change its operating frequency and main lobe direction electronically using switches. The proposed antenna has dual H-Shape with two switches at the bottom which can operate in four different state of switching, each state of switching has multiple operating frequency band which means a single antenna can cover different wireless applications of GPS, GSM, ISM and many others at the same time. This antenna can be designed for any desired operating frequency by shifting the position of switch which is demonstrated in the analysis section of the paper. All results of S-parameter and radiation pattern of four different state of switches are briefly described in this paper.

This paper describes impact avalanche transit time (IMPATT) diodes fabricated in 0.18-/spl mu/m standard complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology to enable operation at 77 GHz. The lateral IMPATT diodes are integrated with a microstrip patch antenna, modified to provide impedance matching and widen the tuning range. The antenna dimensions and the impedance matching are designed using the high-frequency electromagnetic field solver Sonnet. The output spectrum has no visible spurious components. The transmitted power is -62 dBm at 76 GHz. The measured frequency is within 1.3% of the simulated value. It is hoped that this device will find application in automotive and communication systems.

A Dual Frequency reconfigurable antenna is presented in this paper. Achieving Reconfigurability in the resonant frequency of microstrip patch antenna by introducing slots and structure alteration has been proposed. The proposed designs of rectangular microstrip patch antennas are resonating at 5 and 2.1 GHz(reconfigured) respectively. Modeling of reconfigurable antenna to achieve max size reduction by introducing partial ground concept and patch structure alteration has been used. Modelling of reconfigurable antenna for multiband operation is the one of the major challenges and the solution for this challenge is by introducing the slots over the patch of the antenna. To achieve wider bandwidth for wireless applications changing the structure patch and partial ground plane concept is proposed. Reconfigured antennas are well known for their characteristics like lightweight, low profile, and compact enough to be employed in smart wearable technology as well as portable electronics (such as, watches, smartphones, iPads, PDAs, and laptops), A Finite Element Method (FEM) and numerical Finite Integration Technique (FIT) are used in CST Microwave studio to estimate the antenna scattering and far-field characteristics.