Terahertz Microstrip Patch Antennas For The Surveillance Applications

In this demonstrative research work, a high gain reduced ground terahertz (THz) rectangular microstrip patch antenna suitable to be employed for detection of Trinitrotoluene (TNT) explosives have been proposed. The polycarbonate material having dielectric constant (e r ) 2.1 with thickness of 0.7 μm has been proposed to be employed as substrate in the antenna design. In the proposed antenna, the substrate is sandwiched between the patch and ground made up of copper material having thickness 0.05 μm with conductivity of 5.67 × 107S/m2. The proposed antenna has been designed using reduced ground structure to enhance in bandwidth and return losses. The proposed antenna has been designed and simulated using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Studio Suite 2016. The performance of the proposed antenna has been scrutinized in terms of different antenna parameters such as return loss (Su), directivity (dBi), gain (dB), bandwidth (THz), VSWR and Half Power Beam Width (HPBW). It has been analyzed that the proposed antenna has an impedance bandwidth of 0.43065 THz with an operating frequency range of 8.8919 THz-9.3225 THz and resonant frequency (fr) of 9.108 THz. The gain and directivity of the proposed antenna is 7.357 dB and 7.127 dBi at resonant frequency of 9.108 THz. The proposed antenna has impedance of 50.06 ohm making it suitable to be fed by SMA connector of 50ohms impedance. The proposed antenna has return loss (S 11 ) of 69.03 dB at resonant frequency of 9.108 THz. The proposed antenna can be suitably employed for the detection of the Trinitrotoluene (TNT) explosives.

This paper presents comparison of rectangular micro strip patch antenna and E-Shaped micro strip patch antenna operating at 2.45GHz. Two parallel slots are made into the basic rectangular patch design of micro strip antenna which resulted into desired E-shaped patch. The basic design consist of inset feed type and we have used dielectric substrate Fr4 epoxy whereas E-shaped patch consist of coaxial probe and RT Duroid as substrate. Both the designs have been implemented using HFSS software. On comparing the parameters of both the antenna’s design, it was observed that E-shaped patch antenna has enhanced gain and return loss, hence the antenna with enhanced parameters is considered, the better one. Keywords : Rectangular patch antenna, Micro strip patch, E-shaped patch, coaxial feed Cite this Article Priya Sharma, Shreya Ghare, Shruti Jain, Archana Tiwari. Design and Simulation of E-Shape Micro-strip Patch Antenna at 2.45GHz. Journal of Microwave Engineering & Technologies . 2020; 7(1): 17–24p.

Microstrip antennas or patch antennas are popular for their attractive features such as low profile, low weight, low cost, ease of fabrication and integration with RF devices. Micro strip antennas have been found favorable because they are inexpensive to manufacture and compatible with monolithic microwave integrated circuit designs (MMIC). They are usually employed at UHF and higher frequencies because the size of the antenna is directly tied to the wavelength at the resonance frequency. A Microstrip or patch antenna is a narrowband, wide-beam antenna fabricated by etching the antenna element pattern in metal trace bonded to an insulating dielectric substrate with a continuous metal layer bonded to the opposite side of the substrate which forms a ground plane. The most commonly employed microstrip antenna is a rectangular patch. The major disadvantages of Microstrip antennas are lower gain and very narrow bandwidth. Microstrip patch antennas have some drawbacks of low efficiency, narrow bandwidth (3-6%) of the central frequency. Millimeter wave technology being an emerging area is still much undeveloped. As micro strip antennas have found wide variety of application areas, a number of techniques are evolved to improve its limited bandwidth. A good approach to improve the bandwidth is increasing the thickness of substrate supporting the micro strip patch. However problems exist on the ability to effectively feed the patch on a thick substrate and the radiation efficiency can degrade with increasing substrate thickness. A substantial research needs to be done in this area as its applications are numerous. The radiation patterns and S11 performance are used for the analysis of the different configurations. In the present endeavor a rectangular patch antenna is designed on thick substrate and simulated using MATLAB software and configuration on different dielectric susbstrates was used .

This paper provides the design of a wideband compact flexible rectangular slotted patch antenna on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and its performance analysis for wearable applications. Rectangular slots on the patch plane and partial ground are included to improve the operational bandwidth (BW) of the antenna. The proposed antenna is designed on a flexible PDMS substrate with relative permittivity of 2.74 and loss tangent of 0.057 and optimized to a small size of 35 × 25 × 2 mm3 using a powerful, 3D electromagnetic simulation software package (Computer Simulation Technology) studio suite to satisfy the needs of lower fifth generation, Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, Wireless Fidelity, and Industrial, Scientific, and Medical band wireless applications. The proposed antenna with a microstrip line feed has two resonant frequencies at 3.5 GHz and 4.85 GHz and it operates over the frequency range of 2.53 GHz to 5.81 GHz. In free space, the antenna provides a large BW of 3.28 GHz, a maximum radiation efficiency of 85.25%, and acceptable return loss, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio, gain, directivity, and radiation characteristics over the operational frequency range. Under the on-body condition, the antenna’s performance analysis, bending analysis, and Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) analysis were also performed on a body phantom model, yielding positive results with SAR values less than the recommended safety limit of 1.6 W/kg. The comparative performance analysis proves the suitability of this antenna for applications in wearable electronics.

In this digital creation of the 5G communication system, high-speed data, and greater bandwidth are the common needs. Hence, a simple structure of inset feed rectangular microstrip patch antenna is presented initially for 5G applications with a resonance frequency of 27 GHz. Later, a rectangular slot is introduced in the proposed microstrip patch antenna. This inclusion of slot results from an additional enhancement in the bandwidth as much as 1.51 GHz and acceptable return loss of -15.28 dB, appreciable VSWR of 1.41, and significant directivity of 8dBi. All the simulations and analyses are done using CST studio software and also compared with similar works. Although fabrication has not been done at this stage, we believe that this simple slotted rectangular patch structure will be a potential candidate for a 5G antenna operating at 27GHz.

In this paper, a novel Evolutionary Computing named Adaptive Genetic Algorithm (AGA) based ANN model is developed for rectangular MPA (Microstrip patch antenna). Considering at-hand and Nextgeneration Ultra wideband application demands, the emphasis has been made on retaining optimal lowcost design with desired cut-off frequency. The proposed method employs multiple sets of theoreticallydriven training instances or patch antenna design parameters which have been processed for normalization and sub-sampling to achieve a justifiable and reliable sample size for further design parameter prediction. Procedurally, the input design parameters were processed for normalization followed by sub-sampling to give rise to a sufficient set of inputs to perform knowledge-driven (designparameter) prediction. Considering limitations of the major at-hand machine learning methods which often undergo local minima and convergence while training, we designed a state-of-art new Adaptive Genetic Algorithm based neuro-computing model (AGA-ANN), which helped to predict the set of optimal design parameters for rectangular microstrip patch antenna. The predicted patch antenna length and width values were later used for verification which achieved the expected frequency. The depth analysis revealed that a rectangular patch antenna with width 14.78 mm, length 11.08mm, feed-line 50 Ω can achieve the cut-off frequency of 8.273 GHz, which can be of great significance for numerous UWB applications.

A microstrip line-fed broadband rectangular microstrip patch antenna is proposed to work in 5G applications in an endeavor to play a significant role in the communication system, which operates at 28 GHz. An initial rectangular microstrip patch antenna has been designed and analysis its performance. The intended operating frequency range has been tuned in using a cutting the slot and edge with a partial ground plane approach (28.00 GHz-29.96 GHz). The inset-fed microstrip patch antenna presented in this paper has a defected ground structure (DGS) and is constructed on a Teflon substrate with a 2.1 dielectric constant. The use of a defected ground slot increases the antenna’s bandwidth and efficiency compare to full ground plane of antenna. With a wide -10dB bandwidth of 1.96 GHz, the developed antenna is projected to function at 28.90 GHz for the 5G application. Its return loss is -39.42dB. Additionally, the antennas have an overall size of 35 x39x1.57 mm3, a wide bandwidth of 1.96 GHz, and strong gain and directivity across the whole operating band. The VSWR value is 1. This proposed antenna produces better outcomes than some of the existing antennas described in a recent scholarly study. First, an antenna is designed, followed by simulation and performance analysis done using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) software. The improvement of the antenna’s parameters and operational bandwidth for 5G applications significantly improved during analysis. It follows that this antenna will probably be adequate for 5G wireless communication systems.

This paper is highly focused on the multiband application of the microstrip patch antenna. In first phase, rectangular microstrip antenna (RMSA) with a rectangular slot cut inside the rectangular patch at an appropriate position is simulated and analyzed. Then, the double (dual) slot had been embedded in the rectangular patch. Comparative analysis between these proposed structures and a simple microstrip patch antenna is done. Parameters as return loss and bandwidth are analyzed using FDTD algorithm in MATLAB. The use of multi slotted concept in rectangular patch antenna makes it flexible in terms of bandwidth control.

This research work presents dual-band rectangular microstrip patch antennas resonating at X, Ku, and K-bands for wireless satellite communications. Three antenna structures with different configuration techniques are positioned on the surface of the patch mounted upon a grounded substrate made of Rogers RT Duroid 5880. The radiation mechanism of the suggested antenna design is studied, compared, and analyzed with its contemporary structures. Their radiation performance is evaluated in terms of reflection coefficient, −10 dB bandwidth, VSWR, input impedance, radiation efficiency, gain and found satisfactory. These structures find their application in wireless satellite communications.

Design of a Low-Cost Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for Sub-6 GHz 5G Applications at 3.5 GHz

Microstrip patch antenna, with its diversification of feed method as well as its integration of feed network and the active circuit, become the printed antenna protagonist. In this thesis, it is carried out of single-feed rectangular microstrip patch antenna design and simulation by software. The reflection coefficient is both less than 25dB in two frequency points, of 1.85 and 2.45GHz , the input resistance is approximately 50 ohms and the reactance is small. It achieves a good match. The amount of the radiation field at the frequency points is approximately 2dB and 4dB, consistent with the small size of the indicator.

Performance enhancement of patch antenna using nanocomposite substrate for modern wireless communication systems

In the advancement of 5G communication systems, the demand for high-speed data transmission and increased bandwidth is growing. To address this, a simplified design of an inset-fed rectangular micro-strip patch antenna is proposed for 5G applications, operating at a resonance frequency of 25.88 GHz. The design is further improved by introducing a rectangular slot in the patch, which enhances performance characteristics. The proposed slotted patch antenna achieves a significant reflection coefficient (S parameter) of −30 dB, an impedance of 80.88 ohms, and a maximum current density of 90.5832 A/m<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">*</sup> as obtained using the Max-solver in the CST Studio Suite. Although physical fabrication is pending, the simulated results suggest that this compact and efficient slotted patch design holds strong potential for future 5G antenna implementations.

A simple microstrip patch antenna consists of metallic patch and ground between a dielectric medium called the substrate. Microstrip patch antennas are widely used in communication, especially in military and civil applications. The printed antennas have played a major role in development of antenna at different frequency. The proposed antenna is done on fr4 (frame sensitive) substrate with dielectric permittivity εo and the thickness 'h' will provide with good omnidirectional radiation pattern. It has a advantages in simple design, Compact in size and easy in fabrication. Design and simulation of patch antenna using HFSS Software. Design of a circular micro-strip patch antenna for 2.4 GHz application and study s-parameter, Gain and field animations.

This paper examines the role of a proper selection of a conducting material in the design of microstrip patch antenna. A microstrip patch antenna has three (3) main parts of ground, substrate and patch. The patch and the ground are made up of a conducting material. In this work, three (3) Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antennae (RMPA) were considered at 3.5 GHz resonant frequency for 5G applications with different conducting materials in order to determine the role of conducting material in designing a microstrip patch antenna. The antennae were designed, modelled and simulated using the same feeding methods, the same dimensions and the same materials with the exception of the conducting material. Copper annealed, iron and aluminium were used for the models of the antennae. It was found that the best conducting material was copper annealed, followed by aluminium then iron. Hence, the performance of a microstrip patch antenna depends on the type of conducting material used in its design among other factors. It is recommended that other conducting materials be explored to determine their role in ensuring effective design of the microstrip patch antenna.