NINQ: Name-Integrated Query Framework for Named-Data Networking of Things.

The project is about to implement Internet of Things (IoT) technology in Railways. Goal is to constitute a secure IoT system by using Information Centric Networking (ICN) architecture to comprehend the key requirements of IoT system. The proposed system is based on ICN architecture. ICN is the architecture which supports multicast, mobility and security. Mobility is the necessity here in the proposed IoT system in railways. System contains passenger information which should remain secure. Hence, ICN architecture is used as a base for IoT system in railways. The Internet of Things (IoT) based system is for catering passengers' services and requests in long journey railways. The system is to collect requests from passengers from each coach, track the location of crew members within train and allocate them requests from passengers. This allocation of the requests to the crew members takes place depending on the service arrival time, location information and workload factor of crew member. As proposed project is based on ICN architecture, it will use secure device discovery concept to make system more secure.

A Lightweight Forwarding Strategy for Named Data Networking in Low-end IoT

International audience

Content providers (i.e., entities that own or are licensed to sell or distribute content e.g., BBC, Netflix) are looking for more efficient, secure, cheaper, accountable and scalable mechanisms for the delivery of content to end-users. The Information Centric Networking (ICN) paradigm offers solutions to some of these challenges by decoupling a user's trust in content from where it is obtained by enabling the content to self-verify (i.e., the user can establish integrity, trust and provenance in content received from trusted or untrusted infrastructure). However, there are still associated challenges with using ICN architectures related to content feedback and accountability. In this paper, we propose an ICN architecture extension for content feedback and accountability called the Savant framework, which we apply to the Named Data Networking (NDN) architecture.

The Internet Protocol (IP) architecture could not fully satisfy Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) needed efficiency due to their dynamic topology and high mobility. This paper presents a technique to update the software of Electronic Control Units (ECUs) in vehicles using Information Centric Network (ICN) architecture. The proposed technique replaces Flashing Over The Air (FOTA) using IP with FOTA using ICN. The importance of FOTA is illustrated as well as the impact of applying the ICN architecture on VANETs. Through our experiments, we compare between the known FOTA over IP and the newly introduced FOTA technique over ICN.KeywordsFlashing Over The Air (FOTA)Information Centric Networking (ICN)ndnSIMVehicle software updateVehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs).

Disasters are uncertain occasions that can impose a drastic impact on human life and building infrastructures. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) plays a vital role in coping with such situations by enabling and integrating multiple technological resources to develop Disaster Management Systems (DMSs). In this context, a majority of the existing DMSs use networking architectures based upon the Internet Protocol (IP) focusing on location-dependent communications. However, IP-based communications face the limitations of inefficient bandwidth utilization, high processing, data security, and excessive memory intake. To address these issues, Named Data Networking (NDN) has emerged as a promising communication paradigm, which is based on the Information-Centric Networking (ICN) architecture. An NDN is among the self-organizing communication networks that reduces the complexity of networking systems in addition to provide content security. Given this, many NDN-based DMSs have been proposed. The problem with the existing NDN-based DMS is that they use a PULL-based mechanism that ultimately results in higher delay and more energy consumption. In order to cater for time-critical scenarios, emergence-driven network engineering communication and computation models are required. In this paper, a novel DMS is proposed, i.e., Named Data Networking Disaster Management (NDN-DM), where a producer forwards a fire alert message to neighbouring consumers. This makes the nodes converge according to the disaster situation in a more efficient and secure way. Furthermore, we consider a fire scenario in a university campus and mobile nodes in the campus collaborate with each other to manage the fire situation. The proposed framework has been mathematically modeled and formally proved using timed automata-based transition systems and a real-time model checker, respectively. Additionally, the evaluation of the proposed NDM-DM has been performed using NS2. The results prove that the proposed scheme has reduced the end-to-end delay up from 2 % to 10 % and minimized up to 20 % energy consumption, as energy improved from 3 % to 20 % compared with a state-of-the-art NDN-based DMS.

This article describes how the named data networking (NDN) has recently received a lot of attention as a potential information-centric networking (ICN) architecture for the future Internet. The NDN paradigm has a great potential to efficiently address and solve the current seminal IP-based IoT architecture issues and requirements. NDN can be used with different sets of caching algorithms and caching replacement policies. The authors investigate the most suitable combination of these two features to be implemented in an IoT environment. For this purpose, the authors first reviewed the current research and development progress in ICN, then they conduct a qualitative comparative study of the relevant ICN proposals and discuss the suitability of the NDN as a promising architecture for IoT. Finally, they evaluate the performance of NDN in an IoT environment with different caching algorithms and replacement policies. The obtained results show that the consumer-cache caching algorithm used with the Random Replacement (RR) policy significantly improve NDN content validity in an IoT environment.

O Livro de Minicursos do XXXIX Simpósio Brasileiro de Redes de Computadores e Sistemas Distribuídos (SBRC 2021) contém os minicursos selecionados para apresentação na edição do evento realizada online, no período de 16 a 20 de agosto de 2021, na cidade de Uberlândia/MG. O Livro dos Minicursos do SBRC tem sido tradicionalmente utilizado como material de estudo de alta qualidade por alunos de graduação e pós-graduação, bem como por profissionais da área. O principal objetivo dos Minicursos do SBRC é oferecer treinamento e atualização de curto prazo em temas normalmente não cobertos nas estruturas curriculares e que possuem grande interesse entre acadêmicos e profissionais. No livro são abordados temas atuais e de interesse da comunidade, como sistemas de software emergentes, mobilidade e segurança em redes centradas em informação, virtualização de funções de rede na Internet das Coisas (IoT), redes vestíveis e sistemas ciber-humanos e ainda aprendizado federado aplicado à IoT. No primeiro capítulo, intitulado “Emergent Software Systems: Theory and Practice”, os autores apresentam o conceito de Sistemas de Software Emergentes. A abordagem do Software Emergente visa reduzir o esforço inicial para criar soluções autônomas; suporta a criação de sistemas totalmente adaptáveis capazes de aprender autonomamente sobre a estrutura do sistema e seu ambiente operacional sem nenhum conhecimento pré-definido. No segundo capítulo, “Revisitando as ICNs: Mobilidade, Segurança e Aplicações Distribuídas através das Redes de Dados Nomeados”, os autores apresentam uma introdução e revisão dos fundamentos das Information-Centric Networks (ICN) e em seguida a arquitetura Named Data Networking (NDN). Os autores apresentam as principais questões relacionadas à mobilidade, segurança e aplicações distribuídas através por demonstrações e atividades práticas com ambientes previamente configurados. No terceiro capítulo, “Virtualização de Funções de Rede na IoT: Um Panorama do Gerenciamento de Desempenho x Segurança”, trata do uso de Network Function Virtualization (NFV) em IoT do ponto de vista de gerenciamento, desempenho e segurança da rede. O texto apresenta questões e o estado da arte relacionados ao desempenho do uso de NFV na detecção e mitigação de ameaças em redes específicas de IoT. O quarto capítulo, “Das Redes Vestíveis aos Sistemas Ciber-Humanos: Uma Perspectiva na Comunicação e Privacidade dos Dados”, aborda a rápida evolução que vem ocorrendo desde os primórdios das redes vestíveis até a pesquisa de ponta em nanorredes. Essa evolução rápida fundamenta a construção dos sistemas ciberfísicos e ciber-humanos que possuem aplicações em diversas áreas. Os autores descrevem a necessidade de explorar as vulnerabilidades e desafios que essas redes possuem em relação à privacidade dos dados e resiliência de seus serviços e apresentam uma discussão, demonstrando através de exemplos práticos essas fragilidades e um levantamento do estado da arte de propostas acadêmicas para a proteção da privacidade e resiliência de seus serviços. No quinto e último capítulo, “Aprendizado Federado aplicado à Internet das Coisas”, os autores apresentar os principais fundamentos do Aprendizado Federado (Federated Learning – FL) abrangendo as ferramentas e passos necessários para o desenvolvimento de aplicações e serviços voltadas à IoT. Os conceitos abordados incluem uma introdução à Aprendizagem de Máquina (centralizada e distribuída), o estado-da-arte em FL, uma visão geral dos trabalhos existentes, os desafios e as perspectivas futuras para o avanço da área. Os cinco capítulos abordam de forma ampla temas atuais da comunidade, sendo uma obra útil para pesquisadores e profissionais da área de redes de computadores e sistemas distribuídos.

The Short Courses Book of 39th Brazilian Symposium on Computer Networks and Distributed Systems (SBRC 2021) contains the short courses selected for presentation in the online edition of the event, from August 16 to 20, 2021, in the city of Uberlândia/MG. The main objective of the SBRC Short Courses is to offer short-term training and updating on topics not typically covered in curricular structures and which are of great interest among academics and professionals. The Book has traditionally been used as high-quality study material by undergraduate and graduate students and professionals in the field. The Short Courses covers current topics of interest to the community, such as emerging software systems; mobility, security in information-centric networks; virtualization of network functions in the Internet of Things (IoT); wearable networks, and cyber-human systems; and federated learning applied to IoT. In the first chapter, entitled “Emergent Software Systems: Theory and Practice,” the authors present the concept of Emerging Software Systems. The Emerging Software approach aims to reduce the initial effort to create standalone solutions; it supports fully adaptable systems capable of autonomously learning about the system structure and its operating environment without any pre-defined knowledge. In the second chapter, “Revisitando as ICNs: Mobilidade, Segurança e Aplicações Distribuídas através das Redes de Dados Nomeados”, the authors present an introduction and review of the fundamentals of Information-Centric Networks (ICN) and then the Named Data Networking (NDN) architecture. The authors present the main issues related to mobility, security, and distributed applications through demonstrations and practical activities with previously configured environments. The third chapter, “Virtualização de Funções de Rede na IoT: Um Panorama do Gerenciamento de Desempenho x Segurança”, deals with the use of Network Function Virtualization (NFV) in IoT from the point of view of network management, performance, and security. The text presents issues and state-of-the-art related to the performance of NFV in the detection and mitigation of threats in specific IoT networks. The fourth chapter, “Das Redes Vestíveis aos Sistemas Ciber-Humanos: Uma Perspectiva na Comunicação e Privacidade dos Dados”, addresses the rapid evolution that has been taking place from the beginnings of wearable networks to cutting-edge research in nanonetworks. This rapid evolution underlies the construction of cyber-physical and cyber-human systems that have applications in several areas. The authors describe the need to explore the vulnerabilities and challenges that these networks have concerning data privacy and the resilience of their services and present a discussion, demonstrating these weaknesses through practical examples and a survey of the state of the art of academic proposals for privacy protection and resiliency of your services. In the fifth and final chapter, “Aprendizado Federado aplicado à Internet das Coisas”, the authors present the main foundations of Federated Learning (FL), covering the tools and steps necessary for the development of IoT applications and services. The concepts covered include an introduction to Machine Learning (centralized and distributed), the state-of-the-art in FL, an overview of current work, challenges, and future perspectives for advancing the field. The five chapters broadly address current community issues, making them practical work for researchers and professionals in computer networks and distributed systems.

Information Centric Networking (ICN) has been proposed as an encouraging remedy for solving complications of traditional IP based architecture. In this work, we present the design and implementation of an ICN framework in Contiki NG OS, a prominent operating system (OS) for constrained IoT devices that have limited computing and communication capabilities. Elementary end-to-end communication paradigms of Named Data Networking (NDN), inspired from ICN concepts and proposed as one of Future Internet Architectures (FIA), is integrated to Contiki NG OS developed for low-power and constrained Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Our results demonstrate the expediency of using the NDN concept for constrained IoT devices in Contiki NG OS.

The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is the network of medical devices, hardware infrastructure, and software applications used to connect the healthcare information technology. Massive traffic growth and user expectations cause challenges in the current exhausting models of IoMT data. To reduce the IoMT traffic, Information Centric Network (ICN) is a suitable technique. ICN uses persistent naming multicast communication that reduces the response time. ICN in IoMT provides a promising feature to reduce the overhead due to the distribution of commonly accessed contents. Some parameters such as energy consumption, communication cost, etc., influence the performance of sensors in the IoMT network. Excessive and unbalanced energy consumption degrades the network performance and lifetime. This article presents a framework called Dynamic Cache Scheme (DCS) that implements energy-efficient cache scheduling in IoMT over ICN to reduce network traffic. The proposed framework establishes a balance between the multi-hop traffic and data item freshness. The technique improves the freshness of data; thus, updated data are provided to the end-users via the effective utilization of caching in IoMT. The proposed framework is tested on important parameters, i.e., cache-hit-ratio, stretch, and content retrieval latency. The results obtained are compared with the state-of-the-art models. Results’ analysis shows that the proposed framework outperforms the compared models in terms of cache-hit-ratio, stretch, and content retrieval latency by 59.42%, 32.66%, and 18.8%, respectively. In the future, it is intended to explore the applicability of DCS in more scenarios and optimize further.

Information Centric Networks (ICN) has emerged as a new Internet paradigm where the users are being provided seamless access to contents rather than the host as in classical approach. For ICN realization, the current Internet requires architectural changes. These changes must be incorporated such that existing applications continue running without any difficulties. In this paper, we introduce a novel ICN architecture, called Overlay Information Centric Networks (O-ICN), which separates the data plane from the control plane activities of the network. Unlike the usual ICN architectures, in our approach naming and routing (control plane) functionalities have been segregated from the caching (data plane) functionality at each ICN router. We introduce a new module called an ICN Manager which is an extended version of Domain Name System (DNS) server and performs name resolution along with routing functionalities for ICN type of requests as well as the normal DNS resolution for non-ICN type of requests. The O-ICN architecture can be deployed incrementally over the current Internet and can operate both as ICN and non-ICN/legacy network simultaneously. This can also be implemented both in Software Defined Networks (SDN) as well as non-SDN networks without much modifications. The proposed architecture provides benefits in terms of simplification of network management, vendor independent solution, better use of network resources in terms of bandwidth and delay, and reduction of deployment/operational cost of the network.

It is a paradigm shift in internet architecture from receiver centric model to the information centric networking (ICN) model to improve the end-users' latency experience. With exponential increment in number of users and data volume, efficient usage of the nodes (caches) and content forwarding methodology are key issues in an ICN architecture. In ICN intra-domain routers have storage capacity and they can act as temporary content provider, therefore it reduces average hop count and correspondingly average delay for content download. In this article, we formulate the content management issues in a cache having finite storage capability and propose an efficient content management policy that metamorphoses a node to a self-sustained cache. We address how content packets are stored in buffer of the cache before processing and how they suffer from several finite propagation delays during the processing in a cache. We simulate our proposition with deploying real-life network environment and calculate user experience metrics like average latency, throughput and good-put. From simulation results we observe that our proposed model outperforms the existing state-of-the-art on-path caching policies.

Information-Centric Networking (ICN) and Software-Defined Networking (SDN) are both new evolving network architectures that are receiving a lot of attention from researchers. ICN is a Future Internet architecture which tries to transform the current Internet architecture from location- and host-centric to content-centric, where obtaining requested data is achieved by the contents’ names regardless of the location of the data. From another angle, SDN is considered a new Internet architecture that moves the control plane management from network devices to a centralized controller. The SDN controller enhances network robustness and improves its scalability, reliability, and flexibility. The integration of ICN and SDN results in massive benefits, where SDN enhances ICN networks’ manageability, controllability, and functionality, and ICN reshapes the SDN design to make it compatible with ICN features and to enhance ICN in terms of network caching, routing, mobility, and security.. In this review paper, a comprehensive survey of the issues and challenges of integrating ICN and SDN is presented. Firstly, ICN’s main characteristics are summarized, and a short comparison between different ICN architectures is completed. Then, the key details of SDN are highlighted. Moreover, the motivation and benefits of merging ICN with SDN are summarized and the state-of-the-art work on merging ICN and SDN is reviewed and classified from several aspects. Finally, several open research issues are highlighted.

The contributions of this paper are twofold. Firstly, we analyze the decision making problem of caching contents by the network players of Information Centric Networking (ICN) from a game theoretic perspective. We also mention a possible content distribution model for ICN. By our proposed game theory, different network players can find the optimality taking into consideration which benefits them with optimum revenue. Secondly, we present a solution for Live Streaming Media broadcast in ICN and analyze the economic part with a decision tree. We believe, our paper clearly shows the economic incentives for major network players which can stand as a motivation to achieve the faster accommodation of ICN architecture. Besides, we identify some standardization issue in ICN architecture and we emphasize on the need for a common standard for content routers (CR) so that as a node in the ICN, CR ensure scalable content delivery as well as its functionalities match with the Internet open standard philosophy.