Object Oriented Vertical Communication in Distributed Industrial Systems

Information technology can either replace human effort and skill or it can complement and enhance it. Computer systems introduced into industry reflect both of these capabilities. In general, the skills replaced by computer systems in industry are mechanical/repetitive skills, although some middle managers are now being by‐passed as large centralised computer systems and networks have made communications between the centre and the periphery more direct and reduced the need for intervening filtering and interpretation. Many computer systems also complement managerial skills by aiding decision making. In the future it is possible that expert systems may replace some managerial skills, but the intuitive and experiential nature of much managerial work makes it unlikely that this replacement will be widespread.

7 - Central site computer facilities

1982 Canadian conference on industrial computer systems

The paper presents the major steps done for migrating the ICT-infrastructure associated to the management and control of an industrial plate extruder line to a RAMI4.0-compliant digitalized industrial system. An MES serves as a core edge where Operational Technology (OT) of the shop floor meets Information Technology (IT) located in the information and management levels of the factory. Responding to a major requirement for guaranteeing connectivity and interoperability between these two levels of the enterprise architecture, the vertical communication is created using a service-oriented MES that takes over the administrative functions from the subordinate OT components, implementing the layers 3 and 4 of the RAMI4.0-based digitalization dimension.

Next month, a new set of guidelines is introduced for validating computer systems in the pharmaceutical industry. The author explains the history and background of the stringent international regulations that apply in this sector.

An adaptive control application in a large thermal combined power plant

A modular computer-controlled fermentation pilot-plant

The energy-intensive industries are the key fields of circular economy construction, but their circular economy index systems are not well discussed. Therefore the general structure of circular economy index system for the energy-intensive industries is designed here, based on the features of industry, social pressure, comprehensive performance and feasibility. The circular economy index system has the advantages of clear levels, compact structure, and being easy to operate, which are illustrated with two cases.

The explosive multiplication of phytoplankton caused by water eutrophication often occur in the intensive shrimp aquaculture. To comprehensively assess the diversity and community structure of phytoplankton in the waters of typical indoor industrial aquaculture system for Litopenaeus vannamei, a combination of high-throughput sequencing and morphological identification methods were used in the present study. A total of 41 genera belong to nine phyla were detected by both methods. Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta and Bacillariophyta were found to be three dominant phyla. The high-throughput sequencing revealed that green algae and cyanobacteria were the most dominant phytoplankton; however, diatoms were the first dominant phytoplankton by using the morphological identification. At the genus level, Picochlorum and Synechococcus were dominant, accounting for 20.94%–97.19% and 0.01%–52.81% of total phytoplankton, revealed by the high-throughput sequencing. Therefore, more attention should be paid to their ecological impacts on the surrounding sea areas or potential toxicity to shrimp. Cyclotella was the most dominant genus revealed by the morphological identification. High-throughput sequencing revealed a high diversity and small-sized phytoplankton which were undetected by microscopy. Both methods provide similar information on the environmental drivers of phytoplankton community. NO3−, NH4+, DIP, DSi, DON and DOP concentrations were the main factors influencing the phytoplankton community structure and diversity.

Improving the industrial safety management system at enterprises with chemically hazardous sites

In many industrial systems, where safety is of the utmost importance, it is necessary that expedient tools for accident analysis are available and employed at the design stage. Such tools must be able to handle large systems in a systematic way and display the factors that are of vital importance for the functionality of the system. The technique of fault tree analysis (FTA) is commonly used to assess the failure probability of such systems. The fault tree represents the failure logic of the system in an inverted tree structure and has the advantage that it provides very good documentation of the way the failure logic was developed. Conventional fault tree quantification requires a number of assumptions regarding the system. One of these is that the basic events in the tree occur independently. This condition is not satisfied when sequential failures are encountered. Employing alternative methods, such as Markov methods, can result in the loss of the documentation that represents the failure logic of the system. The cause-consequence diagram method is a tool that, like fault tree analysis, documents the failure logic but has the extra capability enabling the analysis of systems subject to sequential failures. In addition, the cause-consequence diagram identifies the complete set of system responses to any given initiating event. This paper is concerned with the cause-consequence diagram method and its application to sequentially operating systems. It extends previous work by providing more rigorous guidelines to enable the construction of the diagram and an analysis methodology that can be used when dependencies exist between the events featured in the decision boxes. A new symbol distinguishing between events that exist at a specified point in time and those that occur at that time is introduced to facilitate the analysis.

Automation of production processes of enterprise today has enormous scales. The spread of automated control systems of technological processes (ACSTP) and their integration with corporate information systems have led to increase in proportion of successfully implemented malicious impacts on ACSTP. Occurrence of new types of attacks and increase in number of successfully implemented attacks cause the need to form protection systems of industrial systems. Designing protection system of ACSTP is multi-stage process, starting with collection of data on object of protection, its main components, information assets, links with other systems, and identification of relevant information security threats to the system. In this article analysis of structure of typical automated control system of technological process is carried out. The most important components of ACSTP from the point of view of information security are identified. The article defines the need to form project of protection system of ACSTP on the basis of monitoring data of events that occur in ACSTP. Main classes of system events from the point of view of information security are defined. The most typical information security threats for this type of automated systems are considered. Neutralization of groups of threats relevant to ACSTP is carried out by means of forming effective protection system. The typical composition of data protection system of ACSTP is defined. According to results of analysis, the correspondence between security events of ACSTP, current threat groups and typical means of information protection is determined. Choosing the composition of information security tools is complex task that requires a lot of time. To achieve greater efficiency in its solving, it is proposed to use decision support system and system of artificial intelligence. Authors developed functional model of selection of protection system's project using intelligent method of decision support with neural network in it.

With the rapid development of the digital economy, the global economic structure and industrial system have undergone profound changes. The widespread application of digital technology not only greatly improves production efficiency, but also gives birth to new forms of productivity and promotes the formation of new quality productivity. This paper explores how the digital economy promotes the formation of new quality productivity from four aspects: technological innovation, industrial integration, institutional innovation, and social innovation, and deeply analyzes the theoretical basis for the interaction of these factors. Research has found that technological innovation has become the core driving force for the development of the digital economy by improving production efficiency and fostering new industries; Industrial integration breaks through traditional industry boundaries, promotes resource reallocation and value chain reconstruction; Institutional innovation provides development guarantees for the digital economy, promotes social equity, and facilitates the effective application of innovative achievements; Social innovation, on the other hand, enhances the overall productivity of society by changing production and lifestyle. In summary, the digital economy has not only broken through the limitations of traditional productivity models in promoting the formation of new quality productivity, but also provided more efficient, intelligent, and sustainable impetus for global economic development.

Industrial structure systems may have nonlinearity, and are also sometimes exposed to the danger of random excitation. This paper proposes a method to analyze response and reliability design of a complex nonlinear structure system under random excitation. The nonlinear structure system which is subjected to random process is modeled by finite element method. The nonlinear equations are expanded sequentially using the perturbation theory. Then, the perturbed equations are solved in probabilistic methods. Several statistical properties of random process that are of interest in random vibration applications are reviewed in accordance with the nonlinear stochastic problem.

CTSRC(cold-formed thin-walled steel reinforced concrete) structure system is one new type of industrial structure system，which uses the cold-formed thin-walled steel to replace the vertical steel bars in common reinforced concrete shear walls. This paper conducts some study on the shear behavior of walls of high rise civil building. Experiment study on both one low CTSRC and one low RC wall of equivalent reinforcement subjected to low-cycle reversed horizontal load are tested, which includes description of experinment pheonomenon, analysis of loading and failure model, load-displacement hysteresis loop curves, load-displacement skeleton curves and analysis of strain. The experiment results indicate that under the same condition there is no difference between the shear property of CTSRC and RC wall basically on failure mode and shear behavior. At last, this paper provides some suggestions about further research contents of CTSRC structure system.