ODA

ODA: a document architecture for open systems

This text presents the results of exploratory research carried out on the concrete use of Internet by a population of researchers. Different investigational modes were put into operation: statistics on the flow of messages in transit at one of the server sites; follow-up on certain discussion-groups; a questionnaire distributed by electronic mail service. Two major lines of research were given particular consideration: the impact of Internet on professional or private social networks; and electronic mail as a specific form of communication. The data treated here bring out the importance of local communications in the exchanges of electronic mail, which links up to the generalization of long-distant exchanges, making Internet an important method for managing relational systems. In addition, the forms of the messages, and the discourse of the actors, tends to support the hypothesis of a specificity of this type of communication which is presented as a hybrid of earlier forms.

In this paper describes the advantages and disadvantages of methods for detecting and protecting against spam messages in electronic mail services, considers the classification of spam messages and the Naive Bayes spam filter used to classify spam messages. The characteristics and effectiveness of spam filters based on machine learning methods are analyzed.

Over the past 20 years electronic mail services have evolved from pioneering in-house facilities to extensively-used national and international networks. Electronic mail is now widely provided by individual companies, commercial mail box services, and internet and associated international research networks. Unfortunately there are currently very limited interconnections between internet and company and commercial services. One of the major objectives of the X.400 international standard is to facilitate such interconnections, and to provide a universal naming scheme. We can look forward to a time when all those failed attempts to send internet mail will be forgotten. With one unique address for each mail user valid worldwide, just type it in and you will be sure your mail will reach its destination. Or will you?

The paper discusses the question whether or not large corporations should actively champion their needs and requirements in the international standards setting process. Taking the electronic mail service as an example, views of company representatives and senior members of relevant standards committees are reported. These statements have been compiled through interviews and questionnaires. To a considerable extent both parties agree that increased user participation cuts both ways. Based on these opinions, some proposals are made how to provide convenient means for input from the user side whilst avoiding the perceived drawbacks of direct committee participation.

This paper presents a status report on the development of standards enabling the interconnection and interworking of text and office systems. These standards are in the Application Layer of the ISO Reference Model for Open Systems Interconnection. The paper also introduces the principles underlying one of these standards known as the Office Document Architecture.

The problem of a model for representing multimedia documents and supporting operations on documents is addressed. Particular attention is given to the concept of type, since multimedia documents do not fit the static schema definition of database models. A syntax directed approach is proposed for the model. Three levels of specification for a multimedia document are discussed. The layout level describes the document presentation. The logical level describes the document internal structure. The conceptual level describes the document semantic composition. The layout structure and the logical structure are compatible with the Office Document Architecture currently undergoing standardization (ISO, ECMA, CCITT).KeywordsStructure TreeLogical StructureWeak TypeDocument TypeMultimedia DocumentThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

This is the second edition of an introduction to the Internet, the international network that includes virtually every major computer site in the world. The Internet is a resource of almost unimaginable wealth. In addition to electronic mail and news services, thousands of public archives, databases, and other special services are available: everything from space flight announcements to ski reports, remote login, and network news, The Whole Internet pays special attention to some new tools for helping you find information - like the World-Wide Web and its multimedia browser, Mosaic. Aimed at researchers, students, or just people who likes electronic mail, this book should help readers to explore what's possible. It also includes a pull-out quick-reference card.

The word ‘telematics’ was used for the first time in France in 1978 by Simon Nora and Alain Minc; it is a contraction of the French words ‘tétécommunications’ and ‘informatique’, and defines a marriage between computers and data transmission networks. This paper describes the five systems which will be implemented to provide telematic services via satellite in Europe during the next few years: EUTELSAT, TELECOM 1, UNISAT, DFS and ITALSAT. The main characteristics of the ‘special service’ transponders are presented, showing that, in Europe, (a) 2 to 5 transponders per satellite will be devoted to the special (telematic) services; (b) 4 satellites out of the 5 use the 12.5–12.75 GHz down‐link band for this purpose (only ITALSAT uses the 20 GHz down‐link for the same purpose), and (c) e.i.r.p.s at 12 GHz are in the range 40–49 dBW.The ground and space segments corresponding to this new service are presented. The main peculiarity of the ground segment is the exclusive use of ‘small’ earth‐stations equipped with fixed antennas and SCPC or 25–60 Mb/s TDMA multiple access equipment. Telematic services include videoconference at 2048 kb/s, voice services, computer‐to‐computer transfer of data, data distribution, remote printing, electronic mail, high‐speed facsimile, offshore voice and data services, digital network overflow, transatlantic digital business etc…Customer bit rates start from 2.4, 4.8, 9.6 and 32 kb/s (for TELECOM 1) up to 2048 kb/s by 64 kb/s steps. Bit error rates are maintained below 10−6 (standard) or 10−10 (higher grade) during 99 per cent of the year using FEC. The five networks for telematics via satellite in Europe are independent. A large efficiency improvement of the different services should be obtained through a future interconnection of the various networks via intersatellite links.

Internet is a very powerful tool for information sharing; it provides email, chat, and audio/video talk for communication. All these email are widely used for official and non official communication because it is freely available to users and it also provides file transfer up to some limit. Hence use of Email (Electronic mail) services increasing rapidly due to higher dependency of organizations and individuals. Whenever Emails are sent/received unnecessarily then it is known as spam mail (Unsolicited Bulk Email). Spam Email is major issue for internet community because it causes wastage of resources and also pollutes our environment. Hence spam filtering is essential task. There are many existing techniques and algorithms available which focuses on individual parameters of the malicious content. Many times effectiveness of filtering algorithm gets significantly decreased, whenever spammer attacks on limitations of individual filtering mechanism. In this paper we have introduced an approach which includes advantages of Support Vector Machine and Artificial Immune System. In this approach we are trying to combine various positive properties of these filtering techniques at different level by deploying them in a hybrid approach. We have also discussed shortcomings of traditional spam filtering techniques in comparison of our proposed work.

The University Medical Information Network (UMIN), established in 1989, is a network service organization for national university hospitals in Japan. It has provided various medical information services to medical professionals, including database, electronic mail, and news services. Although its initial network was constructed as a closed network using Nl protocol, it now adopts TCP/IP protocol and is open to other medical professionals via the Internet. The next UMIN network system is planned to be constructed as a secure virtual closed network on the Internet, using cipher technology, and to provide secure information services to national university hospitals via the closed network, and to other medical professionals via the Internet. User friendly interface and flexible system development were made possible by adopting TCP/IP, and the number of users dramatically increased accordingly. However, the database, software design, and human organizations developed in the Nl era have now proven to be ofgreat value, and contribute to todayis flourishing state of the UMIN.

Computer prices and performance have undergone radical changes in the last decade. Prior to 1970, a student's only exercise of his programming expertise was, by default, on the University Behemoth. The early appearance of programmable calculators gave the student a powerful and portable personal tool at an affordable price, at the expense of shortening memory to the point where only short routines could be run or only a few data points could be manipulated. Microcomputers stepped in to fill the need for a moderately powerful computer with a medium sized data base. In some cases, microcomputers can provide a data base comparable to the pre-1970 mainframes with current prices in the d500 to d5000 range. With the number of small computer suppliers in the hundreds, a bewildering array of products is available to the student with personal data processing needs. Most of the widely distributed microcomputer systems are reviewed, as are some of the more common standalone terminals.Microcomputer hardware systems and their software, teleprocessing equipment, electronic mail, and other services currently marketed to the personal computerist are examined from a student user's point of view.

Chapter 9 - Layer 8: The People Layer

Chapter 1 - Networking, Security, and the Firewall

Borrowing the open system interconnection (OSI) model of internet protocol and the 5W theory in communication studies, the links in the international communication of acupuncture-moxibustion can be classified into seven layers: physical layer, data link layer, network layer, transport layer, session layer, presentation layer and application layer, therefore it is built an OSI model of international communication system of acupuncture-moxibustion. It is pointed out that present international communication system of acupuncture-moxibustion is similar to the user datagram protocol (UDP) in internet technology. Evidence-based medicine (EBM) plays a key role to modernize acupuncture- moxibustion theory based upon its clinical effects. According to phenomenon-taking by classified analogy, it is found that the PICO model of EBM agrees pretty well with the "three-way handshakes" mechanism of the internet transmission control protocol (TCP), which is promising to construct an international discourse of acupuncture-moxibustion compatible with western medicine. Thus it will benefit to explore the scientific connotation of acupuncture-moxibustion theory and significantly improve the international prestige of acupuncture-moxibustion.