On periodicity in limit sets

The most fundamental locally compact abelian groups are the following: R. the additive group of real numbers; Z, the additive group of integers; and 11’, the multiplicative group of complex numbers of absolute value I. The group 1I’ is isomorphic, as a topological group, to R/Z; this is the significance of the mapping x 1-1e2(see also the discussion on the algebra F1(‘JI’) in Section 1.1).

This is a report on our work during the last few years on extending the Bieri-Neumann-Strebel-Renz theory of “geometric invariants” of groups to a theory of group actions on non-positively curved (= CAT(0)) spaces. With the exception of Theorem 8, which is proved here, and the related material in §5.3, proofs of all our theorems can be found in our papers [BG I ] (controlled connectivity and openness results), [BG II ] (the geometric invariants) and [BG III ] ( SL 2 actions on the hyperbolic plane). An earlier expository paper [BG 98] is also relevant. The geometric invariants we recall the “geometric” or “Σ-” invariants of groups developed during the 1980's by Bieri, Neumann, Strebel and Renz (abbrev. BNSR); see [BNS 87], [BR 88], [Re 88]. We set things out in a way which leads directly to generalizations which were not anticipated in the original literature. Let G be a group of type F n , n ≥ 1. Let X be a contractible G -CW complex which is either (a) free with cocompact n -skeleton, or (b) properly discontinuous and cocompact. Case (a) exists by the definition of F n ; Case (b) is often useful but can only exist when G has finite virtual cohomological dimension. Controlled connectivity Let χ : G → ℝ be a non-zero character, i.e., a homomorphism to the additive group of real numbers. Reinterpret ℝ as the group of translations, Transl, of the Euclidean line, and thus reinterpret χ as an action of G on by translations.

We prove an arithmetic removal result for all compact abelian groups, generalizing a finitary removal result of Kral’, Serra, and the third author. To this end, we consider infinite measurable hypergraphs that are invariant under certain group actions, and for these hypergraphs we prove a symmetry-preserving removal lemma, which extends a finitary result of the same name by the second author. We deduce our arithmetic removal result by applying this lemma to a specific type of invariant measurable hypergraph. As a direct consequence of our removal result, we obtain the following generalization of Szemeredi’s theorem: for any compact abelian group G, any measurable set \({A \subseteq G}\) with Haar probability \({\mu(A) \geq \alpha > 0}\) satisfies \({\int_{G}\int_{G}1_{A}(x)1_{A}(x+r)...1_{A}(x+(k-1)r)\, {\rm d} \mu(x)\, {\rm d} \mu(r) \geq c}\), where the constant \({c=c(\alpha, k) > 0}\) is valid uniformly for all G. This result is shown to hold more generally for any translationinvariant system of r linear equations given by an integer matrix with coprime \({r \times r}\) minors.

Let Hp(m), 0 < p ^ oo, be the Hardy spaces on a quotient K of the Bohr group. In this paper we completely determine the isometries of Hp{m), p Φ 2, onto itself. Our result is a generalization of a recent work of Muhly who determined the isometries of Hp(m) onto itself under the assumption that the dual group of K is countable, and it may be regarded as a partial answer to a question posed by Muhly. 1* Introduction* Many results have been obtained concerning isometries of Hardy spaces in the theory of uniform algebras. The most fundamental result in this direction is due to de Leeuw, Rudin, and Wermer [2], which states that an automorphism of the classical Hardy space H°°{T) is induced via composition with the unit circle T of a fractional linear transformation of the unit disc onto itself. Their work was carried on independent of Nagasawa [13], who also described the isometries of ίί oo(Tr) onto itself. On the other hand, Arens [1] completely determined the automorphisms of the uniform algebra of analytic functions on a compact abelian group K whose dual group Γ is archimedean ordered (cf. [11]). This result was extended by Muhly [11] to the uniform algebra of analytic functions induced by a flow which has no periodic orbits. Moreover Muhly [12] has recently given, among other things, the following interesting generalization of this result of Arens to the case of isometries of Hardy spaces Hp(m), p Φ 2, on K: Under the assumption that Γ is countable, every isometry of Hp(m), p Φ 2, is induced via composition with an affine map of K such that the adjoint of the additive factor of this map preserves the order of Γ. The purpose of this paper is to remove the assumption on Γ. This result provide a partial positive answer to the following question posed by Muhly in [12; §5]: Is it possible to describe the isometries of ergodic Hardy spaces

We consider a linear control system with an almost periodic matrix of the coefficients. The control has the form of feedback that is linear on the phase variables. It is assumed that the feedback coefficient is almost periodic and its frequency modulus, i. e. the smallest additive group of real numbers, including all the Fourier exponents of this coefficient, is contained in the frequency modulus of the coefficient matrix. The following problem is formulated: choose a control from an admissible set for which the system closed by this control has almost periodic solutions with the frequency spectrum (a set of Fourier exponents) containing a predetermined subset, and the intersection of the frequency modules of solution and the coefficient matrix is trivial. The problem is called as the control problem of the spectrum of irregular oscillations (asynchronous spectrum) with the target set of frequencies. At present, this problem has been studied only in a very special case, when the average value of the almost periodic coefficients matrix of the system is zero. In the case of nontrivial averaging, the question remains open. In the paper, a sufficient condition is obtained under which the control problem of the asynchronous spectrum of linear almost periodic systems with diagonal averaging of the coefficient matrix has no solution.

In his book Transversal Theory (4) Mirsky introduces the problem of finding a necessary and sufficient condition in order that a finite family of sets have a unique independent transversal. The purpose of this note is to give one necessary and sufficient condition. More generally, we give a necessary and sufficient condition in order that a common basis of two rank-finite matroids be unique. We then specialize this result to give an answer to the above question.

We define a category containing the discrete quantum groups (and hence the discrete groups and the duals of compact groups) and the compact quantum groups (and hence the compact groups and the duals of discrete groups). The dual of an object can be defined within the same category and we have a biduality theorem. This theory extends the duality between compact quantum groups and discrete quantum groups (and hence the one between compact abelian groups and discrete abelian groups). The objects in our category are multiplier Hopf algebras, with invertible antipode, admitting invariant functionals (integrals), satisfying some extra condition (to take care of the non-abelianness of the underlying algebras). If we start with a multiplier Hopf ∗-algebra with positive invariant functionals, then also the dual is a multiplier Hopf ∗-algebra with positive invariant functionals. This makes it possible to formulate this duality also within the framework of C∗-algebras.

This paper gives a necessary and sufficient condition in order that a bounded linear mapping from L 1 ( μ ) {L^1}(\mu ) into a Banach space be compact. It is applied to provide a slightly improved form of the Radon-Nikoydm theorem for vector valued measures and to give a sufficient condition in order that the range of a vector valued measure of bounded variation be compact.

We study Pontryagin reflexivity in the class of precompact topological Abelian groups. We find reflexive groups among precompact not pseudocompact and among pseudocompact not compact groups. Making use of Martin's axiom we give an example of a reflexive countably compact not compact Abelian group. We also prove that every pseudocompact Abelian group is a quotient of a reflexive pseudocompact group with respect to a closed reflexive pseudocompact subgroup.

To study outer actions $\alpha$ of a group $G$ on a factor $\mathcal M$ of type $\mathrm{III}_\lambda$, $0&lt;\lambda&lt;1$, we study first the cohomology group of a group with the unitary group of an abelian von Neumann algebra as a coefficient group and establish a technique to reduce the coefficient group to the torus $\mathsf T$ by the Shapiro mechanism based on the groupoid approach. We then show a functorial construction of outer actions of a countable discrete amenable group on an AFD factor of type $\mathrm{III}_\lambda$, sharpening the result in [17, §4]. The periodicity of the flow of weights on a factor $\mathcal M$ of type $\mathrm{III}_\lambda$ allows us to introduce an equivariant commutative square directly related to the discrete core. But this makes it necessary to introduce an enlarged group $\mathrm{Aut}(\mathcal M)_{m}$ relative to the modulus homomorphism $m=\mod\colon \mathrm{Aut}(\mathcal M)\to \mathsf R/T'\mathsf Z$. We then discuss the reduced modified HJR-exact sequence, which allows us to describe the invariant of outer action $\alpha$ in a simpler form than the one for a general AFD factor: for example, the cohomology group $H_{m,s}^{out}(G,N,\mathsf T)$ of modular obstructions is a compact abelian group. Making use of these reductions, we prove the classification result of outer actions of $G$ on an AFD factor $\mathcal M$ of type $\mathrm{III}_{\lambda}$.

Given a compact group G and r ∈ N, let sr(G) denote the least upper bound of real ϵ > 0 such that for every measurable r-coloring of G, there exists a monochrome symmetric subset of measure ≥ ϵ. A subset A ⊆ G is symmetric if there exists g ∈ G such that gA −1 g = A. We give a general picture of asymptotic behaviour of the function sr(G) for compact Abelian groups.

In Pontrjagin's theory of duality for compact abelian groups, the following theorem is known : Let G be a compact abelian group, G* the dual group. Then the topological dimension of G, in the sense of Lebesgue, is equal to the rank of discrete abelian group G*. It was Prof. T. Tannaka who has called my attention to the lack of corresponding theorem in non-commutative case. I intend to give, in this note, a theorem of this kind in the following form: THEOREM A. Let G be an arbitrary compact group, G the aggregate of continuous finite dimensional representstions of G, C[ G ] the algebra over the complex numbers C generated by the coefficients of representations in G, i.e., the representative ring of G in the sense of C. Chevalley^. Then the topological dimension of G, in the sense of Lebesgue, is equal to the transcendental degree of C[G] over C.

A linear control system with an almost periodic matrix of coefficients and control in the form of the feedback linear in phase variables is considered. It is assumed that the feedback coefficient is almost periodic and its frequency module, i. e. the smallest additive group of real numbers, including all the Fourier exponents of this coefficient, is contained in the frequency module of the coefficient matrix. The system under consideration is studied in the case of a triangular average value of the matrix of coefficients. For the described class of systems, the control problem of the asynchronous spectrum with a target set of frequencies is solved. This task is to construct such a control from an admissible set that the system closed by this control has almost periodic solutions, a set of the Fourier exponents of which contains a predetermined subset, and the intersection of the solution frequency modules and the coefficient matrix is trivial. The necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability of this problem are obtained.

The P-DNP Problem for Infinite Abelian Groups

A map of sufficient conditions for the symmetric nonnegative inverse eigenvalue problem