On the ways of forming information structures for modeling objects, environments and processes

Although research on three-dimensional virtual environments abounds, little is known about the social and business aspects of virtual worlds. Given the emergence of large-scale social virtual worlds, such as Second Life, and the dramatic growth in sales of virtual goods, it is important to understand the dynamics that govern the purchase of virtual goods in virtual worlds. Employing the stimulus–organism–response (S-O-R) framework, we investigate how technological (interactivity and sociability) and spatial (density and stability) environments in virtual worlds influence the participants’ virtual experiences (telepresence, social presence, and flow), and how experiences subsequently affect their response (intention to purchase virtual goods). The results of our survey of 354 Second Life residents indicate that interactivity, which enhances the interaction with objects, has a significant positive impact on telepresence and flow. Also, sociability, which fosters interactions with participants, is significantly associated with social presence, although no such significant impact was observed on flow. Furthermore, both density and stability are found to significantly influence participants’ virtual experiences; stability helps users to develop strong social bonds, thereby increasing both social presence and flow. However, contrary to our prediction of curvilinear patterns, density is linearly associated with flow and social presence. Interestingly, the results exhibit two opposing effects of density: while it reduces the extent of flow, density increases the amount of social presence. Since social presence is found to increase flow, the net impact of density on flow depends heavily on the relative strength of the associations involving these three constructs. Finally, we find that flow mediates the impacts of technological and spatial environments on intention to purchase virtual products. We conclude the paper with a discussion of the theoretical and practical contributions of our findings.

To apply the algorithms in Internet of Things for physical world objects, the relationship between physical objects is becoming more and more complicated. As we know, social relationship is widely used in human world and social Internet of Things to solve the multiple object problems. Thus, a way via combining social relationship with physical object to solve the problem with a huge number of objects or complicated interactions among objects has been analyzed. This article proposes a new concept of “Physical Objects’ Social Relationship” for describing, managing, and predicting the relationships between physical objects in Internet of Things. The classification method for physical objects’ social relationships is proposed using the spatial-temporal attribute of social relationships. Moreover, the logical expression method for physical objects’ social relationships is discussed.

Employment issues have become increasingly severe in contemporary society, with job seekers' criteria for work environments becoming more complex. However, most studies lack an analysis from the perspective of employment spatial environment. This study employs qualitative research methods such as interviews and thematic analysis, focusing on spatial environment behavior research. By analyzing the behaviors and preferences of key employment groups in China (college graduates, migrant workers, and reemployed laid-off workers) from the perspectives of physical and socio-cultural environments, this study identifies the consistencies and differences in personal viewpoints during job selection and their impact on employment decisions. The findings indicate that college graduates tend to emphasize the macro spatial environment, while migrant workers and reemployed laid-off workers are more concerned with micro spatial environment factors. Additionally, college graduates have higher requirements for the diversity of space types and the distinction between public and private spaces. Furthermore, aside from salary considerations, key employment groups generally place less importance on the socio-cultural environment compared to the physical environment. This study aims to highlight the significance of spatial environment in job selection decisions from the perspective of diverse job seekers, providing insights for policy-making and corporate recruitment strategies. Keywords: Job-seeking populations, Spatial environment behavior, Micro, Macro, Qualitative research, Physical environment, Socio-cultural environment

Metaapproach allows to study information systems, including programming languages and systems, as well as data in different formats, as multilevel developed systems and to construct corresponding converters for them. The paper studies traditional and special programming languages and data representation languages viewed by metaapproach, where languages are divided to classes with internal and external metafunctionality. Examples of code and conversions between languages are shown, some conversion problems and ways of their solving are noted, estimations of efficiency of application of different languages are given, and conclusions on usefulness of discussed languages and of the entire approach for solving typical problems and information presentation are stated.

Information and argument structures in Sociology research abstracts

Over recent years, the use of Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) for general-purpose computing has become increasingly popular. The main reasons for this development are the attractive performance/price and performance/power ratios of these architectures.However, substantial performance gains from GPUs come at a price: they require extensive programming expertise and, typically, a substantial re-coding effort. Although the programming experience has been significantly improved by existing frameworks like CUDA and OpenCL, it is still a challenge to effectively utilise these devices. Directive-based approaches such as hiCUDA or OpenMP-variants offer further improvements but have not eliminated the need for the expertise on these complex architectures. Similarly, special purpose programming languages such as Microsoft's Accelerator try to lower the barrier further. They provide the programmer with a special form of GPU data structures and operations on them which are then compiled into GPU code.In this paper, we take this trend towards a completely implicit, high-level approach yet another step further. We generate CUDA code from a MATLAB-like high level functional array programming language, Single Assignment C (SaC). To do so, we identify which data structures and operations can be successfully mapped on GPUs and transform existing programs accordingly. This paper presents the first runtime results from our GPU backend and it presents the basic set of GPU-specific program optimisations that turned out to be essential. Despite our high-level program specifications, we show that for a number of benchmarks speedups between a factor of 5 and 50 can be achieved through our parallelising compiler.

Different semantic models for a nondeterministic programming language are defined, analysed, and compared in the formal framework of algebraic specifications of programming languages by abstract types. Four abstract types are given representing choice ("erratic") nondeterminism, backtrack ("demonic") nondeterminism, unbounded ("angelic") nondeterminism and loose nondeterminism. The classes of algebras of these types represent classes of semantic models. A comparison of these classes of semantic models shows the connections and differences between the four different concepts of nondeterminism as found in programming languages.

A declarative approach to procedural modeling of virtual worlds

ABSTRACTDigital map is considered as a cyber world, which maps visual representations (cyber objects) to the physical objects in the real world and allows the user to interact with these physical objects through their cyber representations. However, it typically requires significant programming effort to create a map application. This paper proposes MapTalk, a web-based visual map platform that allows the user to interact with the physical objects through their cyber representations in a visual map. We show how the administrator can add applications to the map without any programming effort. The novel idea in our approach is to utilise the IoT concept. Specifically, we implement the map as an output IoT device and all physical objects to be mosaicked in the map as input IoT devices. We show how to automatically create the device features of IoT devices when the administrator creates applications in the Map web page. We have deployed over 20 services in MapTalk including smart home, smart farm, tracking (bus, person, dog, etc), video monitoring, travel route planning, sensing of CO2, PM2.5, Internet of Things (IoT). temperature, humidity, and so on.Abbreviation: Internet of Things (IoT)

In this paper, we proposed a medical image fusion algorithm based on sparse representation and guided filtering. One of attractive features in the algorithm is that it can preserve the structural information of structural image and color information of functional image. We use a sparse representation in low frequency, initialize the dictionary by using DCT transform, and train the dictionary with each input source image as a training example. It not only ensures time complexity, but also ensures that the low-frequency fusion rules are adaptive. At high frequencies, we use the method of guided filtering to extract structural information from high-frequency images, and use the injection method to fuse high-frequency sub-bands to ensure the validity and richness of structural information. Experimental results show that the proposed fusion algorithm is superior to comparative algorithms in terms of subjective and objective evaluation methods.

The OAMulator is a Web-based resource to support the teaching of instruction set architecture, assembly languages, memory, addressing, high-level programming, and compilation. The tool is based on a simple, virtual CPU architecture, called the One Address Machine. A compiler allows us to take programs written in a special programming language, called OAMPL, and transform them into OAM assembly. An OAM assembler/emulator interprets and executes OAM assembly code produced by the compiler or written directly by students. The OAMulator is targeted at non-CS students who take introductory courses in information technology or information systems. Such students are normally exposed to concepts of computer hardware and software, but it is difficult for them to make the connection between the two. The OAMulator takes the mystery out of CPU architecture by letting students gain confidence with the concepts of compilers and binary execution. The Web-based deployment allows students to work on problems in convenient locations, at their own pace, and with rewarding interaction.

A fogaskerékprofilok problémaköre a technikai fejlődés követelte teljesítménynöveléssel került újra előtérbe. Napjainkban a fogaskerekek nagy része evolvens profillal rendelkezik, mivel ezen fogazatok számos pozitív tulajdonsággal bírnak, melyek közül az egyik legfontosabb az, hogy a tengelytáv változtatása nem módosítja az áttételi arányt. Az alapján a koszinuszos fogaskerékhajtás kisebb csúszási együtthatóval rendelkezik, valamint a terhelés során ébredő érintkezési és hajlítási feszültségei csökkennek az evolvens fogaskerékhez képest. Dolgozatunkban egy koszinuszprofilú lefejtőlécet és az ezzel képzett fogaskerékpár generálását, valamint ennek CAD-környezetben való tanulmányozását végeztük el. A lefejtőléc profilját, valamint a kapcsolódási egyenleteket Mathcad-környezetben számítottuk ki. A szerszámmodelleket Autodesk Inventor-környezetben hoztuk létre. Az így kialakított modelleket AutoCAD-környezetbe illesztve, Autolisp nyelven megírva, egy egyidejű kivonásos-gördüléses programot alkalmaztunk a fogaskerekek léccel történő lefejtésének valósághű szimulációjára. Az így generált fogaskerekeket Audodesk Inventor-környezetbe visszaillesztve, vizsgálatokat végeztünk annak érdekében, hogy a generált fogaskerekek koszinuszprofilját azonos méretű evolvens fogaskerekek profiljával összehasonlítsuk. A közeljövőben szándékunkban áll az így kapott eredményeket hasznosítani, és összehasonlítani az evolvens fogazatú fogaskerekek átviteli képességét a koszinuszfogazatú kerekekkel szemben.

Structural operational semantics is a simple, yet powerful mathematical theory for describing the behaviour of programs in an implementation-independent manner. This book provides a self-contained introduction to structural operational semantics, featuring semantic definitions using big-step and small-step semantics of many standard programming language constructs, including control structures, structured declarations and objects, parameter mechanisms and procedural abstraction, concurrency, nondeterminism and the features of functional programming languages. Along the way, the text introduces and applies the relevant proof techniques, including forms of induction and notions of semantic equivalence (including bisimilarity). Thoroughly class-tested, this book has evolved from lecture notes used by the author over a 10-year period at Aalborg University to teach undergraduate and graduate students. The result is a thorough introduction that makes the subject clear to students and computing professionals without sacrificing its rigour. No experience with any specific programming language is required.

Modern data collection and analysis pipelines often involve a sophisticated mix of applications written in general purpose and specialized programming languages. Many formats commonly used to import and export data between different programs or systems, such as CSV or JSON, are verbose, inefficient, not type-safe, or tied to a specific programming language. Protocol Buffers are a popular method of serializing structured data between applications - while remaining independent of programming languages or operating systems. They offer a unique combination of features, performance, and maturity that seems particularly well suited for data-driven applications and numerical computing. The RProtoBuf package provides a complete interface to Protocol Buffers from the R environment for statistical computing. This paper outlines the general class of data serialization requirements for statistical computing, describes the implementation of the RProtoBuf package, and illustrates its use with example applications in large-scale data collection pipelines and web services.

Adopting the framework of Cognitive Grammar (CG), developed by Langacker (1987), this paper investigated the semantics of the preposition /ʕalaa/ in order to obtain a cognitive semantic analysis of this preposition as it is used in the Taizzi dialect, (TD from now onwards). Typically, /ʕalaa/ is used to encode verticality. That is, it is used to describe a spatial relation between two physical entities where one physical entity is located on/supported by another one. The crucial conundrum of /ʕalaa/ is that it is very appealing to be used in the locative sense in which one physical entity is LOCATED ON another one. However, the analysis of /ʕalaa/ provided justifications of its use in many instances of the TD where this preposition was seemingly exploited to encode non-support-related spatial relations. The data presented in this paper showed that speakers of the TD extend the use of /ʕalaa/ to depict spatial relations other than the ones where the Trajector (TR) is actually located on the Landmark (LM), and spatial relations in which the TR and the LM are horizontally or vertically related to each other. Pedagogically speaking, developing semantic awareness of the use of prepositions is crucial for teaching purposes. This study helps students and learners of a language to reinforce their awareness of concepts like polysemy, idiomaticity, cultural diversity, universality, and language specificity…etc. Furthermore, this study supports Mohammed, Turki (2012) and Mohammed, Turki et al (2012) proposal that the use of prepositions by speakers of the TD to encode spatial or temporal relations depends on how they cognitively characterize the relation between the TRs and the LMs.