Optimization study of emergency logistics distribution vehicle scheduling based on saving algorithm

The infectious disease COVID-19 has swept across the world in 2020, and it continues to cause massive losses of life and severe economic problems in all countries. Providing emergency supplies such as protective medical equipment and materials required to secure people’s livelihood is thus currently prioritized by governments. Establishing a reliable emergency logistics system is critical in this regard. This paper used the Delphi method to design a formal decision structure to assess emergency logistics system reliability (ELSR) by obtaining a consensus from a panel of experts. Assessing ELSR is a typical multiple-attribute decision making (MADM) problem, and the related MADM methods are usually on the basis of symmetry principles. A hybrid MADM model, called the Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL)-based Analytical Network Process (D-ANP), was developed to identify the critical factors influencing ELSR. An analysis of empirical evidence showed that the emergency logistics command and coordination system and the emergency material supply system play important roles in ELSR, while the emergency logistics transportation and distribution system and the emergency information system are not so important. This conclusion is different from previous research about traditional disaster emergency logistics. Moreover, the cause–effect relationships among the key factors indicated that the system of command and coordination for emergency logistics and the supply system for emergency materials should be improved. Accordingly, effective suggestions for emergency logistics services for epidemic prevention are provided in this paper. The main contributions of this paper are (1) establishing a comprehensive and systematic evaluating index of ELSR for epidemic prevention; (2) employing a kind of structured, namely D-ANP, to identify the critical factors with non-commensurable and conflicting (competing) characteristics; and (3) comparing the differences of reliable criteria between the emergency logistics of epidemic prevention and the traditional disaster emergency logistics.

The increasingly frequent occurrence of major natural disasters can pose a serious threat to national stability and the safety of people's lives, and cause serious economic losses. How to quickly and accurately dispatch emergency materials to all disaster areas across regions in post-disaster has attracted wide attention from the government and academia. In response to the characteristic of high uncertainty in emergency rescue for major natural disasters, and considering differentiated disaster severity levels in different disaster areas, the entropy weight method is used to determine the urgency coefficient of emergency material demand for disaster areas. This study aims to minimize the emergency materials dispatching time and cost, also maximize the dispatching fairness for disaster areas. The triangular fuzzy number method is used to represent the uncertain variables mentioned above, so that a cross-regional emergency materials intelligent dispatching model in major natural disasters (CREMIDM-MND) is constructed. The extremely heavy rainstorm disaster in Henan Province of China in 2021 is selected as a typical case. Based on objective disaster data obtained from official websites, this study applies the constructed model to real disaster case and calculates the results by MATLAB. The ant colony algorithm is further used to optimize the transportation route based on the calculation results of the emergency material dispatching for disaster areas, and finally forms the intelligent emergency materials dispatching scheme that meets the multiple objectives. The research results indicate that compared to the actual situation, CREMIDM-MND can help decision-maker to develop a cross-regional emergency materials intelligent dispatching scheme in time, thereby effectively improving the government's emergency rescue performance in major natural disasters. Moreover, some managerial insights related to cross-regional emergency materials dispatching practice problem in major natural disasters are presented.

In recent years, there have been frequent public health emergencies that have brought great harm to people's lives. Among them, major infectious diseases spread rapidly once they break out. They are characterized by a wide range of infections, rapid spread, high degree of mutation and lasting harm, and difficulty in initial control. Based on this, the focus and research on emergency logistics are gradually carried out. Based on previous literatures on emergency logistics, this paper reviews literatures on three research hotspots of emergency logistics, multi-objective optimization, and vehicle routing of emergency materials, hoping to provide some help for future in-depth studies on emergency logistics.

Purpose - This study, against the backdrop of the city of Wuhan, China, where COVID-19 first appeared, examines the factors that affect the effectiveness and efficiency of emergency logistics through empirical research on relief organizations that support Wuhan, China, during the fight against COVID-19. This study also studies how the government’s control situation affects the effectiveness and efficiency of emergency logistics. Design/Methodology/Approach - We employed a quantitative research method using survey data collected in Wuhan, China. This paper tested five hypotheses which assumes the effect of transportation system, inter-organizational cooperation, emergency logistics center location and demand and inventory management on the emergency logistics performance. In addition, we also examined a moderating role of government control on those hypothesized relationships. Findings - We found that transportation system, inter-organizational cooperation, emergency logistics center location and demand and inventory management affected the emergency logisitcs performance positively, and government control have moderated those reloationships partially. Research Implications - This findings may give meaningful insights on successful management of emergency logistics in Korea.

With the increase of emergency incidents, emergency logistics development is particularly necessary. Based on the analysis of literatures, this paper pointed out the current shortcomings of China's emergency logistics development. Furthermore, It proposed several practical suggestions on how to improve the emergency logistic system of China, which includes that we should improve the emergency response logistics corridors, improve emergency response logistics corridors, build an emergency logistics and distribution systems, emergency logistics operation to enhance capacity, strengthening of emergency material storage system, attach importance to emergency logistics information system, and strengthening the logistics and laws, and strengthening of emergency logistics knowledge popularity and plans for training and so on.

This study presents a multi-objective optimisation model of emergency material allocation with a utility-priority-economy allocation strategy. This strategy is suitable for a multi-depot and multiple affected area emergency logistics system. This proposed allocation strategy comprises three principles, namely utility, priority and economic. First, according to the analysis of the three principles, three objectives were set as the total utility of allocated emergency materials, total satisfaction of emergency requirement and total cost of emergency material allocation. Secondly, the solution procedure for the proposed multi-objective optimisation model was designed on the basis of goal programming. Thirdly, the model and the solution procedure were evaluated with a simulation case from the Wenchuan Earthquake. Results confirm that this model and solution procedure can effectively address emergency material allocation problems with a more reasonable solution.

We are talking about natural disasters, such as flooding, which can be predicted a fewhours before they occur so that evacuation of the population can be organized. Evacuationmeans that people in disaster areas must leave these areas and reach shelters. The article pr esentsan analysis of the decision-making process on evacuation, the main criteria determiningthe decision and the main stages of using fuzzy logic to make a decision on evacuation based onqualitative and quantitative values of the decision-making criteria. These stages include selectionof criteria, determination of qualitative input and output variables, fuzzification of variables,definition of the base of fuzzy rules, construction of fuzzy inference, visualization of resultsand sensitivity analysis. When modeling, the following criteria were taken into account: thepredicted flood level, the level of danger, the vulnerability of the area of the expected flood andthe possibility of safe evacuation. The predicted flood level was based on the parameters of themaximum level and the rate of water rise. The hazard level reflected the physical characteristicsof the flood and its potential impact on the safety of people in the flood area. The vulnerabilityof the area of the expected flood was defined as the inability at the local level to prevent peoplefrom direct contact with flood waters during the event. The possibility of safe evacuation wasdefined as a set of limitations and potential negative aspects that could delay or hinder the successfulevacuation. The description of qualitative variable criteria for making a decision on theneed for evacuation, examples of determining the base of fuzzy rules are presented. The fuzzymodel is implemented using Matlab Fuzzy Logic Toolbox. The procedure of fuzzy inference andinterpretation of the solution and a model of several scenarios and flood situations are described.The method by which a fuzzy model of decision-making on evacuation can be applied incombination with a geoinformation system is considered. The actions related to the need forevacuation for various scenarios and circumstances are presented.

This study examines the psychological adjustment of disaster workers in relation to differences in stress management training, along with factors associated with psychosocial support and collaborative leadership during earthquake emergency response operations in Cianjur, West Java, on November 21, 2022. Using a mixed-methods approach, we recruited Indonesian Red Cross staff and volunteers who were assigned to the disaster response team after the earthquake. Data collection involved 59 disaster workers selected through accidental sampling. We measured the levels of perceived stress, anxiety, and depression, as well as professional quality of life, while also observing psychosocial support and collaborative leadership. Notably, the majority of respondents (79.7%) had never received stress management training for disaster workers before their assignment to the Cianjur earthquake. Untrained disaster workers exhibited higher levels of stress and burnout and lower levels of compassion satisfaction. Significant differences in perceived stress, depression, and burnout were observed between trained and untrained disaster workers regarding stress management. However, no differences were found in other variables (anxiety, secondary traumatic stress, and compassion satisfaction). This research revealed that volunteers who received a briefing generally reported feeling happier, with scores of 2.07 points for overall happiness, 1.82 points for satisfaction in their role as disaster helpers, and 1.86 points for their happiness in being able to assist people in disaster areas. On the other hand, volunteers who maintained intense communication with friends and family were relatively better at controlling stress and maintaining happiness, with a score of 2.27 points for those who stayed in touch with family and 2.06 points for those who interacted intensely with fellow volunteers. These findings emphasize the importance of friends and peer support, as well as family support, for disaster workers in handling double disasters. Overall, the results suggest that the mental health of disaster workers deployed in natural disasters during the Covid-19 pandemic requires further consideration, with stress management training being considered as a preventive program. This research also reveals the importance of the collaborative leadership paradigm in supporting disaster activism. Furthermore, there is a need for further research that delves into the cultural aspects of understanding the mental health of disaster workers.

It is very important to provide material support for people in disaster area in order to save lives and reduce losses. With the development of science and technology and the popularization of 5G network, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV, or drone) will be widely used in urban logistics delivery and emergency rescue. Using trucks as a launch platform for drones, and delivering logistics in a coordinated distribution mode of trucks and drones, which is expected to further improve distribution efficiency. A mixed integer programming model with the shortest total delivery time is established. An artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm embedded with improved mileage-saving (the Clarke-Wright or C-W) algorithm is developed to solve this model. The results show that the established model and the proposed algorithm are effective and can provide guidance for the application of drones in emergency rescue.

With the frequent occurrence of all kinds of emergencies, the importance of emergency logistics distribution has become increasingly prominent. This thesis focuses on the field of emergency logistics distribution, aiming to analyze distribution models and methods to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of emergency material distribution. First, the characteristics and needs of emergency logistics distribution are analyzed in depth, including time urgency, uncertainty and multi-targeting. Then, for the two key aspects of cost and benefit, cost components such as transportation cost, warehousing cost, labor cost, loss and damage cost, and benefit indicators such as rescue effect, economic benefit and social benefit are elaborated in detail. It also explains that factors such as material response time, transportation speed, completion rate and accuracy should be considered. Meanwhile, in the cost and benefit analysis, methods such as cost-benefit ratio (CBA), cost-efficiency analysis (CEA) and benefit assessment are illustrated, and finally recommendations covering various aspects are put forward to improve the emergency logistics and distribution system.

In recent years, natural disasters have been raging around the world, among which COVID-19, a public health pandemic, is still spreading all over the world. Emergency material distribution (EMD) in rescue work is facing serious challenges in the term of coordination, efficiency, traceability, identification, credibility, and security, privacy, and transparency. To address the issues, this paper develops a framework based on blockchain technology so that the operation information of EMD can be safely and promptly transmitted to the blockchain system. The scheme could achieve to query, track and record the operation status of emergency material collection, vehicle scheduling, inventory management, relief material allocation and others in real time. By using this framework, a case study on medical rescue materials distribution for COVID-19 is provided to illustrate how blockchain technology and Internet of Things (IoT) technology can be effective. The research provides insights on using the disruptive blockchain technology to effectively coordinate the deployment of emergency supplies, vehicles and personnel, and improve the transparency and credibility of rescue work to minimize the losses caused by disasters.KeywordsBlockchainNatural disastersEmergency materials distributionIoTCOVID-19

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Demand forecast of emergency material is the precondition and foundation of planning emergency material storage strategy. Because of the emergency logistics have the characteristic as follows: sudden, uncertainty, non-conventional, the weak economy, complexity and so on, On the basis of defining the fuzzy condition and fuzzy transfer probability, the paper divides the emergency material demand into five fuzzy conditions: very small demand, small demand, general demand, high demand and very high demand, and proposes a forecast model of emergency material requirement based on fuzzy Markov chain. Finally, the availability of the proposed method was verified by analyzing the numerical example.

Popular Culture Review changing world.My analysis is based on three TV dramas from the late 1990s: To Live a Good Family Life (haohao guo rizi), Holding Hands {quian shou), and Coming and Going {lailai wangwang).1 will first look at the challenges to Chinese families caused by China's economic development.Then, I will briefly outline the storylines of the three TV dramas.Finally, I will explore the moral messages from these dramas. Economic Development and Challenges to the Chinese FamiliesSince the implementation of economic reform and open-door policy in 1979, China has made great progress in strengthening the country's economic capacity and in raising its people's living standards.In the last two decades of the 20'^ century, the average growth rate of China's per capita GDP was 8.4 percent.The total GDP had been doubled twice in twenty years from 1980 to 2000.With the fast economic growth, the quality of people's lives also increased dramatically.According to the statistics carried in China Information Daily, August 30, 2001, Chinese people produced 24.49 billion RMB of wealth a day in 2000, 19.41 billion more than that of 1990, or nearly four times increase in just 10 years.Also, in 2000, people spent 11.82 billion RMB a day, 9.32 billion more than that in 1990.A recent report states that in the five years from 1998 to 2003, China's GDP "has grown by more than 60% and its exports by 140%" (Clissold 1).These economic achievements have brought progress to the country and a happier life to its people.However, serious social problems like bigamy, domestic violence, and divorce co-exist with the economic growth just like the seemingly inevitable twin.They are the side-effects of China's economic development and reform.The first side-effect of China's economic development and reform is the higher divorce rate.Statistics show that the divorce rate in China has increased nearly three-fold over the past two decades.More than 1.2 million Chinese couples divorced in 1999, and among every 1,000 people there are 0.96 broken families ("Can Law" 23).According to the All-China Women's Federation, since 1999, the number of divorces had remained stable at about 1.2 million each year until 2003 when it jumped to 1.33 million, while "the number of Chinese registering for marriage dropped from 8.92 million couples in 1998 to 7.86 million in 2002" (" 1.33 Million" 1).Although the rate of divorce is still very low and the number of broken families is very small in comparison with many other countries such as the United States and Germany, the change is undoubtedly significant.For example, in 2003, the city of Shanghai "had over four couples out of every 1,000 divorced," with its divorce rate "20 times more than 20 years ago" ("Valentine's Day" 1).Many of these divorces are caused by the husbands' infidelity and third-party individuals' (the mistresses') intrusion.A research conducted by the Marriage Service Center of west China's Chongqing Municipality found that out of 280 divorce cases " 198 were caused by one partner having an affair" ("Adultery" 1).As extra-marital affairs have become the top marriage killers, some suspicious wives and husbands start to

Emergency material scheduling optimization model and algorithms: A review