Patch Antenna Miniaturization Using CSRR

This paper presents comparison of rectangular micro strip patch antenna and E-Shaped micro strip patch antenna operating at 2.45GHz. Two parallel slots are made into the basic rectangular patch design of micro strip antenna which resulted into desired E-shaped patch. The basic design consist of inset feed type and we have used dielectric substrate Fr4 epoxy whereas E-shaped patch consist of coaxial probe and RT Duroid as substrate. Both the designs have been implemented using HFSS software. On comparing the parameters of both the antenna’s design, it was observed that E-shaped patch antenna has enhanced gain and return loss, hence the antenna with enhanced parameters is considered, the better one. Keywords : Rectangular patch antenna, Micro strip patch, E-shaped patch, coaxial feed Cite this Article Priya Sharma, Shreya Ghare, Shruti Jain, Archana Tiwari. Design and Simulation of E-Shape Micro-strip Patch Antenna at 2.45GHz. Journal of Microwave Engineering & Technologies . 2020; 7(1): 17–24p.

A simple microstrip patch antenna was first used to study and its resonant frequency and bandwidth were observed. Based on the observations a Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) is proposed to improve the bandwidth, antenna gain and return losses of a patch antenna. Fabricated results of the return losses, radiation pattern and antenna gain of this patch antenna are also presented. Through the Fabricated results it has been proven that the microstrip antenna implanted with an FSS structure containing fractal cross elements has been converted into an antenna with good performance along with sufficient bandwidth and higher gain.

The primary objective of this paper is to design a high performance metamaterial antenna and benchmark the performance with a microstrip antenna. A circular microstrip patch antenna is considered for demonstrating the performance of the antenna with and without the metamaterial structures. This paper clearly brings out the advantages of the metamaterial circular patch antenna as compared to the standard circular microstrip antenna. Simulations and measurements are carried out for comparison purpose. The developed metamaterial based patch antenna shows a significant reduction in size by 25% when compared to a circular patch antenna. It has been found that reduction of size in developed metamaterial based antenna does not degrade the directivity performance which is found to be 6.5 dB. Further, the bandwidth of the metamaterial based antenna is found to be same as that of microstrip antenna. RCS simulation has shown reduction in RCS by 9 dBsm.

Metamaterials are assemblies of metallic and/or dielectric materials with properties that are not readily found in naturally existing materials. Hence, metamaterial structures are commonly loaded on/near the patch, embedded in the substrate, loaded/etched from the ground plane or placed as a superstrate layer for enhancing bandwidth and gain, and size miniaturization of conventional patch antennas. The demand for wide bandwidth, high gain, and compact antennas is highly contemplated in recent wireless communication research studies. Despite their lightweight, ease of fabrication, low profile, and simplicity for integration, patch antennas have performance limitations as result of their narrow bandwidth, lower gain, larger size, and lower power handling capacity. To address these problems, metamaterial-based antennas have gained massive interest. There exist inadequate literatures about review of current state of extensive study reports on metamaterial application for patch antenna performance enhancement. Thus, this paper has reviewed and discussed latest research works on metamaterial applications for performance enhancement of planar patch antennas.

In this research, we utilized Ansoft's HFSS v13, which is a Finite Element Method (FEM) based electromagnetic (EM) simulator, to design and analyze two types of patch antennas: a 1x4 circular microstrip patch antenna and a 1x4 hexagonal microstrip patch antenna, operating at 5 GHz. The circular patch antenna was fabricated on a FR4 substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.4dB and a height of 1.6mm. Various antenna characteristics, such as return loss, radiation pattern, directivity, gain, return loss and radiation efficiency, were investigated. The designed 1x4 hexagonal patch antenna and 1x4 circular patch antenna achieved a bandwidth of 3.79% with return loss values well below -30dB. Additionally, a favorable directivity value of 4.5dBi and a gain of 2.7dBi for the 1x4 circular patch antenna and a gain of 3.9dBi for the 1x4 hexagonal patch antenna were obtained. Due to their C-band architecture, these microstrip patch antennas can be employed in various satellite communication applications, such as transponders.

In this paper, we present a metamaterial loaded frequency tunable electrically small planar patch antenna. Metamaterial structure has square shaped split ring resonator (SRR) with micro-splits. Frequency tunability is achieved by using RF MEMS switches. By making RF MEMS switches ON/OFF, the reactance of SRR structure changes and thus frequency of antenna is controlled. The patch antenna resonates at 27 GHz. But when the patch antenna is loaded with SRR structure, the loaded antenna is tuned to 9.02GHz, 9.08 GHz and 9.16 GHz by making RF MEMS switches ON/OFF. The resonant frequency of loaded antenna increases because as additional micro-splits are incorporated, series capacitances are introduced in SRR which decreases the overall capacitance of SRR. In all cases the loaded antenna satisfies the condition, Chu limit ka < 1, for an antenna to be electrically small. Also there is no requirement of additional matching networks.

In this paper an innovative microstrip patch antenna is designed to enhance the return loss. This work presents the comparative analysis of the return loss enhancement between the microstrip patch antenna and circular patch antenna. Materials and methods: The return loss of proposed microstrip patch antenna was compared to circular patch antenna in High-frequency structure simulator environment. The sample size estimation is done using the G Power statistical tool with probability of 80% and the total sample size of the research is 20 and consists of two groups i.e for each group 10 samples. From the SPSS analysis the significance is obtained (0.039) which is less than 0.05. Results: The return loss is improved for -40.56 in the proposed innovative microstrip patch antenna in ka-band frequency range compared to circular patch antenna (−12.59 dB). Conclusion: Within the limits of this study, the proposed microstrip patch antenna attained higher return loss in Ka-band. The results are verified using the HFSS modeling.

This paper introduces the design of a new dual polarization rectangular microstrip patch antenna based on metamaterial structures at X-band. The work focuses on two distinct configurations of a microstrip patch antenna utilizing metamaterials. Pairs of spiral ring resonators are loaded into a rectangular patch antenna system in the first design. The second strategy involves inserting a split ring resonator at the end of microstrip feed lines. The utilization of metamaterial structures in the microstrip antenna system compensates for the patch antenna's asymmetric current distribution of the flow, resulting in symmetrical current distribution. The simulation results display an import cross-polarization cross-polarization discrimination (XPD) and good port decoupling. The antenna system has various characteristics, including a basic structure and metamaterial inclusions that take up a small amount of space, making the suggested metamaterial inclusions more beneficial for dual-linear polarized patch antenna construction. These prototypes are suitable to work for polarimetric radars.

A high gain Double Negative (DNG) metamaterial superstrate based Circularly Polarized (CP) microstrip patch antenna for Ka band satellite communication is represented in this article. The rectangular patch antenna is developed with shorting pins along the two orthogonal diagonals. Pairs of shorted pins are placed to generate two different modes for obtaining CP. A simple coaxial probe-feeding is used to excite the patch antenna at Ka band. A 4x4 array of rectangular-shaped slotted ring patches which exhibits the characteristics of negative dielectric permittivity and permeability at Ka band has been used as superstrate. The implementation of this DNG metamaterial-based superstrate enhances the right hand CP gain from 10.2 dB to 12.2 dB, which makes the overall antenna height to be 0.58 times of the free space wavelength (λ0). The proposed design shows minimum axial ratio of 1.42 dB near the magnetic resonance of 28.5 GHz which makes the structure suitable for satellite applications.

Electromagnetic metamaterial is an artificial material that is made up of different types of structural designs on dielectric substrates. In this paper a broad and elite investigation is being carried out by designing and simulating a metamaterial cell comprising a square split ring resonator with a copper wire strip etched on the ground plane to discover its some unusual parameters such as double negativity of cell which are naturally not found in other materials of nature. A course of action of these unit cells in a grouping shapes metamaterial. These metamaterial cells show exceptionally great applications in the design of microstrip patch antennas by improving their characteristics such as bandwidth, return loss, and gain. The proposed microstrip line feed patch antenna is designed at a 3.5 GHz resonance frequency useful for various worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) applications. The ground plane of a substrate of a patch antenna is loaded with a square split-ring resonator, the proposed antenna is fabricated to obtain experimental parameters. A conventional and proposed patch antenna is simulated, fabricated tested analysed, and reported for performance comparison of its parameters.

In this paper, Rectangular Microstrip patch antenna has been designed for different substrate heights and dielectric constants of substrate. This paper proposes a new generation of antenna that applies Meta material properties at ground Plane. The paper analyzes the performance of Micro strip Patch Antenna with and without using the Meta material structure. Effect of bandwidth due to change of substrate height and dielectric constant have been investigated. Finally, bandwidth for each substrate height and dielectric constant is measured for selecting the optimal patch antenna.

We present a novel high-gain patch antenna utilizing composite right-left handed (CRLH) structure and dendritic cell metamaterials. The proposed CRLH antenna, composed of modified Sievenpiper mushroom unit-cells, is based on the positive first-order resonance mode for high gain. In addition, the dendritic cell metamaterials are used to surround the proposed antenna to further increase the antenna directivity and gain due to suppressing the surface waves. The experimental results show that the gain and the directivity of the proposed antenna with CRLH and dendritic cells can be improved by 3.88 dB and 8.82, respectively, in comparison with a conventional patch antenna. Moreover, a 10-dB bandwidth with 9.55% is achieved. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated ones.

Paper highlights two different fractal based rectangular microstrip patch antenna has proposed for multiband operation with low profile. The recommended design of antenna achieved by basic patch antenna using RT/Duroid as substrate of er (2.2)and height of (1.575mm)and two fractal geometries are Sierpinski Carpet and Minkowski has applied on patch antenna and process carried up to three iteration, same process is carried on rectangular microstrip patch antenna using another substrate is FR4 er of (4.4) and height of (1.6mm), the antennas results are VSWR, Return loss and gain is obtained by simulation and results of different substrate are compared, the simulation of proposed antenna is done using HFSS v 15 (high frequency structure simulator). And are able to operate in S and C band.

This paper had been comparing the performance of the normal patch antenna with single complimentary SRR patch antenna. Four different shapes of single complimentary split ring resonator structure had been incorporated into the microstrip patch antenna - square, circular, triangular, and rhombic. This simulation works had been done in CST Microwave Studio simulation software. The operating frequency of this antenna is 2.40 GHz for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) application. The parameters that considered in these works are return loss, resonant frequency, input impedance, gain, radiation pattern and bandwidth. The focusing parameter is to achieve the best gain performance that obtained from the single complimentary split ring resonator patch antenna. The addition of square SRR onto patch antenna will improve the gain from 6.334 dB to 6.508 dB.

In this paper, we have designed various shapes of patch antennas like Rectangular patch antenna, U-shaped, E-shaped and Rectangular shaped vertical slot antenna which is resonated at 0.7THz–0.8THz. The main theme of this paper is to overcome the major disadvantages of basic microstrip patch antenna like narrow bandwidth, high return loss etc. The recent improvements in wireless technology give a big challenge to design a patch antenna which results in wide bandwidth, low loss and better efficiency at terahertz region. The performance of various shapes can be analyzed by different parameters like Return loss, VSWR, Radiation pattern. In this parametric study, we have investigated and found that among all the configurations the Rectangular shaped vertical slot antenna yields better performance and having a return loss of −32db and it resonates at 0.75THZ. Terahertz antennas which find its applications in satellite communications, civil and military applications. The proposed antennas are designed and simulated by using a finite element method based electromagnetic solver, Ansys-High-Frequency Structure Simulator Software(HFSS).