Performance analysis of U-shaped patch configurations for Terahertz applications

In this research, we utilized Ansoft's HFSS v13, which is a Finite Element Method (FEM) based electromagnetic (EM) simulator, to design and analyze two types of patch antennas: a 1x4 circular microstrip patch antenna and a 1x4 hexagonal microstrip patch antenna, operating at 5 GHz. The circular patch antenna was fabricated on a FR4 substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.4dB and a height of 1.6mm. Various antenna characteristics, such as return loss, radiation pattern, directivity, gain, return loss and radiation efficiency, were investigated. The designed 1x4 hexagonal patch antenna and 1x4 circular patch antenna achieved a bandwidth of 3.79% with return loss values well below -30dB. Additionally, a favorable directivity value of 4.5dBi and a gain of 2.7dBi for the 1x4 circular patch antenna and a gain of 3.9dBi for the 1x4 hexagonal patch antenna were obtained. Due to their C-band architecture, these microstrip patch antennas can be employed in various satellite communication applications, such as transponders.

This paper presents comparison of rectangular micro strip patch antenna and E-Shaped micro strip patch antenna operating at 2.45GHz. Two parallel slots are made into the basic rectangular patch design of micro strip antenna which resulted into desired E-shaped patch. The basic design consist of inset feed type and we have used dielectric substrate Fr4 epoxy whereas E-shaped patch consist of coaxial probe and RT Duroid as substrate. Both the designs have been implemented using HFSS software. On comparing the parameters of both the antenna’s design, it was observed that E-shaped patch antenna has enhanced gain and return loss, hence the antenna with enhanced parameters is considered, the better one. Keywords : Rectangular patch antenna, Micro strip patch, E-shaped patch, coaxial feed Cite this Article Priya Sharma, Shreya Ghare, Shruti Jain, Archana Tiwari. Design and Simulation of E-Shape Micro-strip Patch Antenna at 2.45GHz. Journal of Microwave Engineering & Technologies . 2020; 7(1): 17–24p.

In this paper, we have achieved an efficient rectangular patch antenna with optimized parameters by using MATLAB. The proposed antenna is a type of radio antenna with a low profile which is mounted on a flat surface. It consists of a flat rectangular sheet or patch of metal, mounted over a larger sheet of metal called a ground plane. A resonant frequency of 3 GHz is achieved with improved parameters like high return loss, Low VSWR, High directivity & gain, High efficiency. So the proposed antenna can be suitable for the radio astronomy & space research applications.

Since the Federal Communication Committee has announced a range of frequencies from 3.10GHz to 10.60GHz constituting a bandwidth of 7.5GHz, Ultra wideband technology (UWB) is move ahead quickly as a high data rate technology for wireless communication. The effect of combining different geometrical patches derived from a basic rectangular patch antenna for wireless communications, GPS technology, satellite communication and air-craft applications are presented here. The antenna proposed is designed in FR-4 substrate which has 1.6 mm thick and permittivity of 4.4. The size of the substrate is 37.9mm × 47.63mm × 1.6mm. The antennas are simulated with ANSYS HFSS, the 3D electromagnetic (EM) simulation tool for radio frequency and fast electronic components. The impact on return loss and band width as a result of imperfections on patch can be observed from the obtained results. Introducing slots, defects on ground plane, making irregularities on patch shapes causes a wide variation in antenna parameters. It is clear that an increase in band width and reduction in return loss is obtained by combining the different shaped geometrical patches.

A multiband gap-coupled staircase shaped patch antenna using defected ground structure (DGS) is proposed. To achieve multiple frequency bands, and large gain the gap coupled, shorting posts and defected ground structure techniques are used. The design is simulated by means of HFSS v.13 and antenna performance like return loss, VSWR, 3D-gain and radiation pattern are presented. The proposed antenna is resonating at resonant frequency of 3.5 GHz, 4.4GHz, 5.1GHZ, 5.85GHz, 9.15GHz, 11.15 GHz and 14.00GHz. The proposed antenna is more suitable element for WiMAX, long distance radio communication and satellite communication applications.

This letter investigates the performance and requirements of High gain microstrip patch antennas for Sub-6 GHz 5G applications. Here the rectangular patch antenna is gradually modified with 3-different techniques: (i) Edge-cut single rectangular patch antenna (ii) Wheel shape slot loaded on the radiating patches (iii) Staircase-shape two element rectangular patch antenna array. This paper discussed 4 different rectangular microstrip patch antenna (RMPA) designs (Design - 1, 2, 3, 4) for Fifth generation communication system. The aim of the Wheel shape structure is to achieve wide bandwidth and antenna gain; Edge truncation technique helps to improve impedance matching and Staircase-shape structure helps to enhance bandwidth as well as achieves compactness of the antenna. All these antennas are convenient for Sub-6GHz 5G- NR band n79 (4.4 GHz to 5 GHz). All these structures are designed and simulated in ANSYS HFSS 2019 software.

A new low profile and broadband monopolar patch antenna is proposed. Previously, long rectangular patch antennas were proposed that had a compact structure and high gain, but these antennas were designed for broadside radiation. There are some patch antennas that achieve wide bandwidth by employing a thicker substrate. However, its profile may not be low enough for some cases that cover a very low profile space. We propose a low profile patch antenna with wide bandwidth, high gain and monopole like radiation pattern. The proposed antenna has a bandwidth of 9.4% and gain of 7 dBi with monopole like radiation pattern for an infinite ground plane. While for a finite ground plane bandwidth of 12.3% and gain of 5 dBi is obtained.

Left Handed Metamaterial are the artificial material having negative value of refractive index thus following left hand property. Miniaturization is one of the best advantages offered by metamaterial. The paper presents the ideas about the use of metamaterials in innovative antenna designs from an engineering perspective. In the previous work, an eight shaped left handed metamaterial was designed with the help of FR4 substrate having μr = −4 and er = −2 at 1.8 GHz. Present work includes the use of previously designed structure as a base substrate for rectangular microstrip patch antenna for size minimization and characteristics improvement. The traditionally designed antenna resonates at 1.8 GHz with −12 dB return loss with low cost FR4 as a base substrate on the other hand metamaterial loaded layer antenna resonates at 1.8 GHz with −34 dB return loss. By adding left-handed metamaterial return loss has been improved and the effective volume of the rectangular microstrip patch antenna is also shortened by 71% and 47% reduction was applied to the base substrate of the patch antenna. Line feeding technique is used for the excitation of the proposed antenna. The process of designing and simulation is done using CST Microwave Studio 2010 and MATLAB is used for the retrieval of complex dielectric parameters using NRW (Nicholson Ross-weir) approach. The fundamental parameters of the antenna such as return loss, Bandwidth, gain, radiation pattern are obtained and are compared with the traditionally designed antenna.

Partial discharge (PD) phenomenon in high-voltage (HV) apparatus is a warning symptom of insulation degradation that can eventually lead to equipment breakdown. The ultra-high frequency (UHF) or electromagnetic method has been widely adopted to monitor the insulation condition of HV power equipment such as power transformers. To detect PD occurrence on HV power transformers, the UHF method is preferable due to its high immunity to external interferences such as background noise and electromagnetic interferences from telecommunication. The UHF antennas are used in the UHF method to detect the electromagnetic waves emitted by PD events inside the power transformer tank. Many studies about the design of UHF antennas to detect PD on power transformers have been conducted previously. However, these UHF sensors are still facing noise disturbances especially for on-line partial discharge measurement, in presence of high noise levels. To address interference issues affecting the UHF sensor sensitivity, this paper presents a novel UHF PD sensor called rectangular microstrip patch antenna or simply patch antenna. This type of antenna has a simple structure, low cost for fabrication, and ultra-wideband (UWB) frequency enabling it to detect PD signals in a wide frequency range within the UHF range (300MHz-3GHZ). To design, simulate and optimize the UHF antenna, the HFSS software was used. The FR4-epoxy substrate having a thickness of 1.6mm, and a dielectric constant of 4.4 was used to design and simulate this rectangular patch antenna. The perfect electric conductor (PEC) was used on the rectangular patch, feedline, and ground plane of the designed patch antenna. The proposed antenna has a low reflection coefficient, low VSWR < 2, a wide bandwidth, as suitable gain, and directivity enabling this antenna to be a suitable and promising sensor for PD detection on power transformers.

The work is to design a 2x2 circular microstrip patch antenna array resonating at 2.4GHz and it is simulated for Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) applications by using HFSS tool. Circular patch antenna array is designed by depositing circular patches on FR-4 Epoxy substrate and is fed using microstrip feed lines. Fabricated antenna resonates at 2.391GHz. Antenna parameters such as Gain, return loss, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), Directivity, Reflection coefficient and radiation pattern are analyzed. 2x2 circular microstrip patch antenna produces more gain and less return loss compared to 2x2 rectangular microstrip patch antenna. The compact size and higher directivity compared to rectangular array makes it more relatively useful for WSN applications.

In this paper, the designing and performance analysis of a reconfigurable double E-shaped microstrip patch antenna is carried out. The antenna is primarily designed for its operation at a particular frequency. However, due to re-configurability obtained by inserting a narrow patch in between the two E patches, the antenna will be seen operating at another frequency as well (dual band). Later, in order to draw significant conclusions; the plots for return loss (S11), voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) and radiation pattern showing the gain will be obtained and then analyzed. In order to make sure that the antenna is working properly at the above mentioned frequencies; the return loss for the optimized reconfigurable E-shaped patch antenna has to be smaller than −10db at these very frequencies. The antenna shows a lot of promise pertaining to wireless and satellite communication applications.

ABSTRACTIn this communication, a corner truncated broadband patch antenna with circular slots is presented. The proposed antenna is fabricated on 14 * 14 * 1.57 mm3 Rogers RT5870 substrate (εr = 2.33 and loss tangent of 0.0012) and a 50‐Ω SMA connector is used for excitation. Bandwidth enhancement has been reported due to cutting of two circular slots and truncating the corners of the square patch, which gives rise to mode splitting phenomenon and better impedance matching. Simulated results show that the impedance bandwidth (S11 &lt; 10 dB) of the proposed antenna is 19% (10.8–13.2 GHz). Measured results are in good agreement with the simulated results. The fractional bandwidth of the proposed antenna has enhanced from 8.5 to 19% as compared to the simple patch antenna, showing an enhancement of 123%. The peak gain of the proposed antenna is 7 dB. The antenna finds application in satellite communication, radar communication, and other alleged wireless communication services. Details and comparison of the proposed antenna with simple patch antenna have been described. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:845–849, 2015

Theoretical analysis and experimental results of the bandwidth of one rectangular patch antenna with macromolecule magnetic substrate are presented in this paper. And the results showed that magnetic property results in wide impedance bandwidth. Experimental study on a new kind of compact stacked quarter wavelength patch antenna is presented also in this paper. The results showed the impedance bandwidth of this kind of patch antenna is double than the one of the common quarter wavelength patch antenna.

In this paper, a novel Evolutionary Computing named Adaptive Genetic Algorithm (AGA) based ANN model is developed for rectangular MPA (Microstrip patch antenna). Considering at-hand and Nextgeneration Ultra wideband application demands, the emphasis has been made on retaining optimal lowcost design with desired cut-off frequency. The proposed method employs multiple sets of theoreticallydriven training instances or patch antenna design parameters which have been processed for normalization and sub-sampling to achieve a justifiable and reliable sample size for further design parameter prediction. Procedurally, the input design parameters were processed for normalization followed by sub-sampling to give rise to a sufficient set of inputs to perform knowledge-driven (designparameter) prediction. Considering limitations of the major at-hand machine learning methods which often undergo local minima and convergence while training, we designed a state-of-art new Adaptive Genetic Algorithm based neuro-computing model (AGA-ANN), which helped to predict the set of optimal design parameters for rectangular microstrip patch antenna. The predicted patch antenna length and width values were later used for verification which achieved the expected frequency. The depth analysis revealed that a rectangular patch antenna with width 14.78 mm, length 11.08mm, feed-line 50 Ω can achieve the cut-off frequency of 8.273 GHz, which can be of great significance for numerous UWB applications.

A simple dual-band antenna design and implementation method is proposed in this work, based on the equivalent media properties inspired by resonant metamaterial elements. The equivalent circuit model of dual-band patch antennas based on a complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) is presented and validated. The dual-band patch antenna is designed etching a CSRR in the patch of a conventional rectangular microstrip patch antenna. The first resonance is governed by the quasi-static resonance of the CSRR while the second resonance is originated by the rectangular patch. The fact of etching a CSRR on a rectangular patch antenna also produces a miniaturization of a conventional patch antenna. The equivalent circuit model proposed in this letter is sound in order to understand the functionality of dual-band patch antennas based on a CSRR. Good agreement between simulation, equivalent circuit model and experimental results is shown and discussed. These results lead the equivalent circuit model to become a simple and straightforward tool for the design of this type of multiband antennas, of low cost and versatile operation for a broad range of wireless communication systems.