Pattern-based rewrite and refinement of architectures using graph theory

High Performance Computing have several issues on architecture, resources, computational model and data. The challenge is establishing the mature architecture with scalable resources. The cluster architecture and multicore architecture implement to produce high performance on computation and process. This research works on architecture development and performance analysis. The cluster architecture build on Raspberry Pi, a single board computer, implement MPICH2. Raspberry Pi cluster build on Raspbian Wheezy operating system and test by metrics computation applications. The multicore architecture build on single computer with Core i5 and Core i7 architecture. The research use himeno98 and himeno16Large tools to analysis the processor and memory allocation. The test run on 1000x1000 matrices and benchmarked with OpenMP. The analysis focuses on CPU Time, FLOPS, and score. The result show on cluster architecture have 2576,07 sec in CPU Time, 86,96 MLPOS, and 2,69 score. The result on Core i5 architecture have 55,57 sec in CPU time, 76,30 MLOPS, and 0,92 score. The result in Core i7 architecture have 59,56 sec CPU Time, 1427,61 MLOPS, and 17,23 score. The cluster and multicore architecture results show that computing process are effected by architecture models. High performance computing architecture that has been built on this result can give learn on the development of HPC architecture models, and baseline performance. In the future it will use for determine the delivery architecture model on HPC and can be test by more variation of load.

This research is a part of previous research which succeeded in producing business model architecture planning, the purpose of this research is to develop previous research using business model maturity measurement methods as a proposed business model architecture planning concept. By taking the same case study theme as Tiara Payung Putra (TPP) company. TPP is known as a distributor company in cooperation with Pertamina's (Bulk LPG Filling and Filling Station). TPP's main business activity is to distribute goods in the form of LPG to 76 bases spread across the Balaraja district. The current condition of the business model architecture illustrates the business activities that exist in the TPP. The main problems that occur in the TPP are not integrated the external system with internal business activities in the company, and the lack of IT resource support. For this reason, the Business Process Maturity Model is needed as a benchmark, which can be proposed as a business architecture planning concept. Support for the Enterprise Architecture Planning (EAP) Framework method focuses on the business model architecture domain. The architecture of the business model illustrates how TPP carries out business activities and functions to achieve its objectives. The results of this study produce proposed business model architecture planning concepts in the form of Business Model Maturity Level Measurement, SI / IT architecture concepts, and Business Architecture Planning roadmap, which are beneficial for Tiara Payung Putra (TPP) company for business model architecture planning.

The increasing complexity of energy systems leads to a growing interest in energy management that is actively studied using modelling methods and simulation tools capable to represent the re system’s behavior. In this study, a functional energetic modelling method is proposed to design the control architecture for the management of the energy flow. This method relies on local control loops, a decision manager (DM) and basic equations. When the functional level of abstraction is used to model a complex system, the evaluation of the model accuracy (from an energetic point of view) and the validation of energy management strategies are simplified by fast simulations due to low model complexity. Even if the functional model allows a first-stage validation of the energy allocation within the system, the energy management strategies have to be tested using a more precise model, which is the multi-physical model of the system. The multi-physical modelling level has its own local controllers and global resource manager (GRM) to handle the energy allocation between the different components. The second-stage in the validation is completed by adapting the functional model in order to obtain the high-level controller (i.e. the GRM) for the multi-physical level. The development of the control architecture of the multi-physical model based on the functional model requires two steps: (i) adjusting the functional elements’ parameters and (ii) proposing a method to interconnect the models at both levels of representation (functional and multi-physical levels). The modelling and the parametrization of the functional elements are demonstrated on a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). The GRM design is detailed and the simulation results of the HEV system at multi-physical level are illustrated to validate the system architecture, the component sizing and the energy management strategy. The fuel consumption is evaluated in comparison to the HEV’s design specifications.

This paper presents the results of a study that investigates the sophistication of the information technology (IT) employed by maquiladoras. The maquiladoras are Mexican manufacturing and assembly plants that have been established by non‐Mexican, primarily US, companies to take advantage of several economic factors that should increase the profitability of these non‐Mexican firms. This research is designed to allow the research team to: (1) develop an understanding of the technologies found in the maquiladoras, and (2) assist in the development of an adequate model of IT architectures employed such that comparisons can be made of the architectures used by manufacturing firms located in the USA, Canada, and Mexico (the signatories of NAFTA, the North American Free Trade Agreement). In general, the results of this survey indicate the use of significantly more sophisticated IT than might otherwise be expected as a result of the general perception that maquiladoras should be organized to capitalize on the relatively low skill levels and wages of the hourly Mexican worker.

Forest stand dynamics models simulate the growth of trees in stands; based on field measurements and system knowledge, they provide a relatively precise representation of forest growth and are well adapted for forest management purposes. Architectural models describe the structure of plants according to ontogenetic development processes; as a support of biomass production and partitioning at organ scale, they simulate individual tree development. The aim of this study was to link a stand dynamics model and an architectural model to simulate stand dynamics, in which the ecological or silvicultural modelling from the stand model and the architecture representation could be integrated, to provide individual tree details at the stand level. Stand-level simulations of Austrian black pine dynamics provided global results on tree growth from the empirical forest growth model PNN, and branching details for individual trees were provided by the functional–structural plant model (FSPM) GreenLab. Individual tree dynamics were computed, and the simulated trees were integrated at the stand level for visualizing two different management scenarios. By combining a stand dynamics model adapted to forest management with an FSPM with detailed tree architecture, it is possible to simulate individual tree structure with consistent dimensions, adapted to ecological and silvicultural modelling for decision support in forest management.

Microservice architectures that use Message-oriented Middleware (MOM) have recently seen considerable evolution regarding extensibility, re-usability and maintainability. Of particular interest are systems that are distributed and deployed with mixed-technologies. On the one hand, such MOM-based microservice systems improve flexibility through their messaging middleware. On the other hand, configuration for the above systems has to quickly adapt to required changes because of the continuous development process. Architecture reconstruction methods from dynamic data can keep architecture documentation and models in synchrony with the implemented architecture for such systems. However, the existing dynamic analysis methods for architecture reconstruction do not support the extraction for MOM-based microservice systems. The main challenge here is to understand and capture the asynchronous sender-receiver communication via the messaging middleware and to reconstruct the architecture model from it. In our work, we provide the ARCHI4MOM approach to automate the architecture extraction process. We instrument the sender-receiver and messaging services, collect run time data, analyse the trace data and construct the model from it. Architects can use the extracted architecture model for system refactoring and analysis of MOM-based systems. Thus, it reduces the cost and time required for manual architecture extraction process. We evaluate the accuracy of the approach by comparing the extracted model components to a manually crafted baseline model for a case study system.KeywordsMOM-based systemReverse EngineeringArchitecture ExtractionPerformance PredictionDynamic Analysis

The paper examines the development of production systems from automated to data analysis-supported process control. In current concepts, process optimization is carried out by data analysis with the help of a decision support system after the production process. Prescriptive automation envisages controlling the process before and autonomously on the basis of a prescriptive analytics model. The development of an IT architecture is identified as an essential part of the overall concept. On the basis of expert interviews and current literature reviews, the question is answered, which requirements an IT architecture for prescriptive automation has to fulfill. These requirements are opposed to solution components with the goal of a modular architectural concept. On basis of the requirements and therefore needed solution components, a reference architecture is identified on the assumption of the data processing resources. The main processing components of this architecture are a combination of edge and cloud computing.

Tree architecture and secondary tropical rain forest development: A case study in Araracuara, Colombian Amazonia

IEEE Standard 1471 identifies sound practices to establish a framework and vocabulary for software architecture concepts.In 2000, the Computer Society approved IEEE Standard 1471, which documents a consensus on good architectural description practices. Five core concepts and relationships provide the foundation for the approved IEEE 1471 version: every system has an architecture, but an architecture is not a system; an architecture and an architecture description are not the same thing; architecture standards, descriptions, and development processes can differ and be developed separately; architecture descriptions are inherently multiviewed; and separating the concept of an object's view from its specification is an effective way to write architecture description standards. IEEE 1471 focuses on both software intensive systems and more general systems, such as information systems, embedded systems, systems-of-systems, product lines, and product families in which software plays a substantial role in development, operation, or evolution.

Enterprise IT Architecture Greenfield Design Combining IEC 62264 and TOGAF by Example of Battery Manufacturing

In the development process of complex systems, as in modern systems and products of e-mobility in automotive industry, interdisciplinary interaction of the system elements involved is facilitated by the principle of systems engineering. The sub-process of testing, too, reflects the division of the overall system's complexity and has intense dependencies on the overarching process. The use of modern IT architectures, such as platform-based test process management systems bringing along open interfaces in modern technologies, can help meet these challenges in the best possible way. Digitalized use cases requiring data from different tools and processes become possible and interoperability between the different processes is achieved. This article describes how a sophisticated test data and test process management system can adopt to existing and new processes or tools and how it can add considerable value to the overall development process while increasing the product quality at the same time.KeywordsTest Data ManagementTest Process ManagementSystems EngineeringQuality

With the advent of the era of big data, traditional application systems have been unable to meet the actual needs of the development of various industries. Building an application system architecture based on big data has become a top priority for many enterprises and organizations. In this context, based on the previous research, this paper proposes an application system architecture model based on big data and based on the application system design principle. The model is divided into data source layer, data storage layer, data acquisition and processing layer, data analysis layer, and data application layer. After a detailed description of the functions and characteristics of each layer, an application example is given for further analysis, hoping to provide some reference for each industry in building a big data application system architecture.

Software architecture has been a key research area in the software engineering community due to its significant role in creating high-quality software. The trend of developing product lines rather than single products has made the software product line a viable option in the industry. Software product line architecture (SPLA) is regarded as one of the crucial components in the product lines, since all of the resulting products share this common architecture. The increased popularity of software product lines demands a process maturity evaluation methodology. Consequently, this paper presents an architecture process maturity model for software product line engineering to evaluate the current maturity of the product line architecture development process in an organization. Assessment questionnaires and a rating methodology comprise the framework of this model. The objective of the questionnaires is to collect information about the SPLA development process. Thus, in general this work contributes towards the establishment of a comprehensive and unified strategy for the process maturity evaluation of software product line engineering. Furthermore, we conducted two case studies and reported the assessment results, which show the maturity of the architecture development process in two organizations.

Within emerging markets, ensuring the competitiveness of manufacturing companies is crucial to their success. The integration of new business possibilities, such as Product-Service-Systems (PSS) can provide one suitable solution. Especially within the architecture development process, large amounts of interconnected data and data types need to be processed and versioned. This leads to a significant lack of data consistency and continuity along the development process of modular PSS architectures. This lack of consistency and continuity leads to a process being prone to errors, representing a significant negative impact onto the company’s value-added stream. We provide one possible solution to these issues by presenting a PSS architecture modularization approach based upon the modularization methods of the Integrated PKT-Approach. Using concepts of Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) for modelling these architectures, automated and dynamic analyses of the architecture for the iteration and harmonization of the PSS architecture under development are enabled. The at first generically described approach is further detailed in the second part of this contribution by applying it to an industry case study for mobile laser welding systems. As a result, a clear support for the visualization of architecture iteration aspects as well as for the enhancement of data consistency and continuity is given.

Companies today interact in an increasingly competitive environment and seek to leverage the potentials of IT for generating new business models and for changing existing ones. For these business models, companies have to align the respective business and IT architectures. This task can be supported by using enterprise architecture management. In this paper, we first analyze the potentials for integrating enterprise architecture (management) and business model (management). Second, the components of different approaches for describing business models are compared to each other. Third, we present a concept for integrating business models into enterprise architectures. Fourth, we outline an integration of business model management and enterprise architecture management processes.