Paving the Road to the Buy‐Side

Background: International PhD students account for a growing share of U.S. doctoral graduates – over 40% in science and engineering fields as of 2023 [1]– and contribute substantially to research output. Yet they face distinctive structural and psychosocial challenges (e.g. visa restrictions, funding barriers, cultural isolation) that may impact degree completion, well-being, and career outcomes [2,3]. We conducted a systematic review to synthesize recent empirical evidence on how these factors affect international doctoral students’ academic success, mental health, and post-graduation transitions in the U.S. Methods: We systematically searched five databases (Scopus, Web of Science, ERIC, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global) in late 2024 for peer-reviewed English-language studies (2019– 2025) focusing on international PhD students in U.S. universities [4,5] . Keywords combined terms for international/foreign doctoral students, U.S. context, and outcomes (e.g. “mental health,” “academic success,” “immigration policy,” “career transition”). Two reviewers independently screened titles/abstracts and full texts (using Rayyan) following PRISMA guidelines [6,7]. Data on study design, sample, measures, and findings were extracted. Studies were appraised with standard tools (JBI, CASP, MMAT) but not excluded on quality [8,9]. Because of heterogeneity, we performed a convergent synthesis: quantitative results were summarized descriptively (and meta-analyzed when ≥3 comparable studies, e.g. pooled prevalence of depression) [10], and qualitative findings were integrated into thematic categories through iterative coding. Findings: We identified 1,354 unique records, screened 224 full-text articles, and included 48 empirical studies in the final synthesis [7]. The studies spanned diverse disciplines and methods (25 quantitative, 15 qualitative, 8 mixed methods) [11]. Key findings converged on five interconnected domains: mental health (high levels of anxiety, depression, stress, and burnout among international PhD students), career uncertainty (under-preparedness for non-academic careers and visa-related constraints), academic progression (delays in degree completion and attrition linked to funding and mentorship), supervisory relationships (quality of advising critically shapes satisfaction and persistence), and institutional belonging (sense of inclusion in department/community). For example, multiple studies reported that ~20–25% of international doctoral students met clinical thresholds for depression or anxiety [12,13]. Acculturative stress, visa insecurity, and isolation compounded these mental health burdens [13,14], yet utilization of counseling services remained low due to stigma and lack of culturally-adapted care [15] . Career planning was hampered by rigid immigration rules (OPT deadlines, H-1B caps, green-card backlogs) [16]; faculty and departments often provided little industry-oriented career guidance [17]. Stable funding and effective mentorship were major predictors of timely completion [18]. Financial precarity (especially among those ineligibles for fellowships) and unclear program expectations increased time-to-degree and attrition risk [18]. Likewise, many international students experienced misaligned supervision: advisors often focused on productivity without providing emotional or cultural support [19,20]. Students emphasized that clear communication, consistent feedback, and cultural sensitivity were crucial for effective mentoring [19,20] . Finally, a sense of belonging was uneven: students in inclusive, well-structured environments reported higher engagement and persistence [21], while those in opaque, competitive programs felt alienated. Across studies, the combination of poor mentorship, funding insecurity, and immigration stress translated into compounded disadvantages for international PhDs (e.g. supervisors’ neglect fueling both academic delays and psychological distress [22]). Interpretation: International PhD students are a vital but under-served segment of U.S. graduate education. Their experiences underscore that academic success and well-being are shaped not only by individual effort but by intersecting systemic factors – from visa policy and funding eligibility to departmental culture and supervisory practices. Current graduate structures often fail to address these needs. We conclude that universities and policymakers must undertake systemic reforms: for instance, expanding culturally competent mental health services, integrating visa/immigration support into career advising, and training faculty in intercultural mentorship [23]. Departments should adopt transparent norms, peer mentoring, and inclusion programs to foster belonging. Collectively, these evidence-based interventions are not optional extras but strategic imperatives for sustaining the contributions of international doctoral scholars to U.S. research and innovation [24,25].

The Global Financial Crisis and the Shift to Shadow Banking

The wealth of nations: Knowledge as a national resource

There is a high prevalence of role strain experienced among collegiate athletes with increased attention and awareness surrounding its impact on the transition out of sport and into the next phase of their lives. Many colleges and universities throughout the United States have developed career readiness programs focused on mental health, career transitions, and resilience training preparation for life after sport. However, these programs are often delivered in a group format, making it difficult to provide individualized support to student-athletes. This project elaborated on the role occupational therapy serves in both program development and the transition out of sport. This project was two-fold, including a program that matched a student-athlete with a WVU Affiliate that was successful in their field, titled Beyond the Game: Student-Athlete Mentorship and one-on-one career readiness programs to enhance professional social engagement skills in preparation for networking events, titled Preparing Beyond the Game. Beyond the Game: Student-Athlete Mentorship was a pilot study with 15 upperclassman Olympic sport student-athletes and 15 mentors who were recruited from the Summit Society of the Mountaineer Athletic Association. The findings from the mentorship program showed an increase in mentee confidence from pre-test to post-test regarding leadership skills, having someone to turn to for advice, having connections in their field, managing finances, and an increase in perceived preparedness to handle the change to their identify after sport. However, there was a decrease in perceived preparedness to enter the real world after graduation and decreased confidence in networking and applying for jobs. The program results indicate that the student-athletes found value in both programs and perceived that the mentorship program prepared them for transition out of sport and the next phase of their lives.

Education will aid in the acquisition of information, the development of soft skills, the improvement of work ethics, the development of trust, and the expansion of one's social media network. When you get a degree, you feel like you've made a huge stride forward. Education provides you with knowledge. Meanwhile, once you begin working, your job will assist you in gaining experience and abilities that will benefit you in both your career and your whole life. This chapter will discuss several important problems in Indian higher education as well as management graduates' employability. This research also discusses published studies on career transition in the perspective of gender. Critical problems in Indian higher education include gradation of the taught curriculum, talent exodus, educational quality provided, quota and polarization, faculty mobility, and communication gaps, among others. Most of the time, industry expects management graduates to have fundamental understandings of management skills applied orientation to get the job done, and orientation to execute tasks intelligently. There is widespread discontent among companies when it comes to hiring management graduates or freshers. When it comes to concentrating on newer work, attitude, job preparedness, job behaviours, taking initiative and being successful, embracing rules and protocols, and being adaptable, there are many things that are incorrect. Using the bibliometric approach, it was shown that only 24 nations had conducted research on gender and career-related topics. There have been 24 research articles published in the United States, however no Indian author has written a research paper on the subject in the Scopus database.

Little data exists to examine the stigmatized phenomenon of program mobility within agricultural education. Our research starts the conversation through interviews with eight School-Based Agricultural Education (SBAE) teachers across the United States, using qualitative phenomenology, to provide a unique perspective of retention through migration. We define teacher migration as a program move while choosing to remain in SBAE. Utilizing the theoretical lens of expansive learning through activity systems (Engeström, 2009), we present teacher migration as a means to learn and grow in the craft of teaching within SBAE, particularly among teachers with more than eight years of experience. Although additional efforts are needed to quantify migration within SBAE, and to examine the common narrative, our research reveals program migration to be a relational issue. In our study, participants expressed community, opportunity to learn, and time as functions of support through a career transition. They identified resources and expectations as challenges faced in the migration process. Our research provides a starting place for conversations around teacher migration through a focus on the assets of experience, viewing migration as a means of retention rather than as a function toward attrition.

COVID-19 has been devastating for patients with cancer. In this commentary, we chronicle the pandemic’s downstream impacts on United States hematology/oncology trainees in terms of professional development and career advancement. These include loss of access to clinical electives and protocol workshops, delays in research approval and execution, mentor shortages due to academic burnout, and obstacles with career transitions (most notably the post-fellowship job search). While certain silver linings from the pandemic have undoubtedly emerged, continued progress against COVID-19 will be essential to fully overcome the professional challenges it has created for the future hematology/oncology workforce.

Do Institutional Investors Value the 10b-5 Private Right of Action? Evidence from Investor Trading Behavior Following Morrison v. National Australia Bank Ltd.

Jim Garrison’s article (Garrison 2012, in this issue) critiques current reforms in the United States for fostering a harmful “standardization” in schooling, which threatens to further undermine the country’s democratic heritage and to prepare many students for servitude in an oppressive social order. John Dewey is cited throughout, as befits Professor Garrison’s scholarly background, although the argument consequently often proceeds from authority rather than evidence. It offered as a critical treatise and a broad historical thesis about the genesis and nature of the current reform regime. With respect to the latter, a number of assertions are made about “the new structural feudalism,” with “money managers” occupying positions of control in a globalizing economy. These are strong words, and they invite critical engagement regarding contemporary social, economic, and political conditions and the functions of schooling. One can ask, for instance, just what makes the current situation different from the past, when others made similar remarks. Observations about the commodification of people date at least to Karl Marx, and complaints about “moneyed” interests have resonated loudly in American history (Morris 2006). Indeed, Dewey expressed similar concerns in the 1920s, as Professor Garrison notes. How are today’s circumstances distinctive? The article’s principal object, of course, is standardization, although this too is never carefully defined. All schooling, after all, entails some degree of standardizing, as putting students into classrooms generally means a common curriculum and approach to learning. Factories influenced the early development of schools, and bureaucratic systems of control eventually came to

China has proposed the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), initiating a key turning point in the international finance system. Unfortunately, its design at present is quite problematic, for several reasons: it limits participation by Western countries, effectively locking in China as the undisputed leader; the lack of a Board of Directors in residence; the potential for a conflict of interest if the AIIB will fund projects within China; the potential of China to use AIIB for political purposes; the relationship the AIIB will have with already-existing international financial institutions; and the potential for a weakening of “best practices” in order to compete against the other international finance institutions. For these reasons, it was the right decision for Japan not to join as a charter member in order to negotiate the MOU; nevertheless, Japan should maintain the option of joining the AIIB in order to have leverage over the architecture of the AIIB.

What's New in Hip Replacement.

Monkeypox: Considerations as a New Pandemic Looms

Book Review

The provisions and implementation of BJR in Indonesia and the United States need to be studied because the latest Company Laws of both countries have codified the principles of BJR generated by court practice so far where BJR elements are regulated imitatively in the Company Law and accompanied by an explanation of the concept of the core elements of BJR. The formulation of the problems in writing this journal are 1) How are the regulations governing the application of the business judgment rule in Indonesia and the United States? 2) how is the application of the business judgment rule principle as a legal protection effort against directors in Indonesia and the United States? The research method used in this journal is normative juridical research with qualitative data analysis. The results showed that 1) regulations governing the application of the business judgment rule in Indonesia are regulated in Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning limited liability companies and OJK Regulation Number 33 / PJOK.04 / 2014 related to BJR which provides protection for directors and commissioners in carrying out their duties are sufficient. Meanwhile, regulations governing the application of the business judgment rule in the United States are regulated in the MBCA 2016. 2) The application of the business judgment rule principle as an effort to protect the law against directors in Indonesia can be applied to protect directors from legal liability as long as there are no elements of fraud, conflict of interest, unlawful acts and intentional misconduct as in the case of Decision Number 121 K/Pid.Sus/2020. Meanwhile, the application of the business judgment rule principle as an effort to protect the law against directors in the United States in accordance with the scope of the directors' responsibilities as in the Disney dispute case, Delaware Supreme Court.

Confronting Child Maltreatment in Youth Sports.