Performance analysis of microstrip patch antenna for wireless communication systems

Performance analysis of microstrip patch antenna using a four-layered substrate of different materials

The authors investigate microstrip patch antennas with tuning stubs by using a numerically efficient technique which employs a closed-form, spatial domain Green's function in conjunction with the method of moments. The type of configurations investigated is particularly useful for fine tuning the resonant frequency of a microstrip patch antenna, accomplished by changing the length of the tuning stub, and/or its location along the radiating edges of the microstrip patch. In addition, the patch antenna can be designed to radiate a circularly polarized wave by making a judicious choice of the locations of the feed line and the tuning stub.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

This paper had been comparing the performance of the normal patch antenna with single complimentary SRR patch antenna. Four different shapes of single complimentary split ring resonator structure had been incorporated into the microstrip patch antenna - square, circular, triangular, and rhombic. This simulation works had been done in CST Microwave Studio simulation software. The operating frequency of this antenna is 2.40 GHz for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) application. The parameters that considered in these works are return loss, resonant frequency, input impedance, gain, radiation pattern and bandwidth. The focusing parameter is to achieve the best gain performance that obtained from the single complimentary split ring resonator patch antenna. The addition of square SRR onto patch antenna will improve the gain from 6.334 dB to 6.508 dB.

In this paper Microstrip Patch antenna is designed in Ansoft HFSSV13. The designed antennas are double-sided printed microstrip patch antenna. The antenna is designed over the operating frequency is 2.4GHZ using the substrate material as FR4 which has the dielectric constant of 4.4(ε <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</inf> ). The designed antenna can be used for ISM (industrial, scientific and medical) band and WLAN applications. The designed antenna has low profile, low cost, easy fabrication and good isolation. The antenna is designed by using Ansoft HFSSV13 simulation software and designed antenna provides return loss less then −10dB. The parameters such as return loss, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), mutual coupling, gain, radiation pattern has been simulated and analyzed.

A stacked multi-layer substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) microstrip patch antenna with broadband operating bandwidth and low cross-polarization radiation is provided. A complete study on the propagating element bandwidth and cross polarization level is presented to demonstrate the importance of the design. The proposed antenna includes three stacked printed circuit board (PCB) layers, including one layer for the radiating 2 × 2 rectangular patch elements and two SIW PCB layers for the feeding network. There are two common methods for excitation in cavity-backed patch antennas: probe feeding (PF) and aperture coupling (AC). PF can be used to increase the bandwidth of the antenna. Although this method increases the antenna’s bandwidth, it produces a strong cross-polarized field. The AC method can be used to suppress cross-polarized fields in microstrip patch antennas. As microstrip patch antennas are inherently narrowband, the AC method has little effect on their bandwidth. This paper proposes an antenna that is simultaneously fed by AC and PF. As a result of this innovation, the operating bandwidth of the antenna has increased, and cross-polarization has been reduced. Actually, the combination of probe feeding and aperture coupling schemes leads to achieving a broadband operating bandwidth. The arrangement of radiator elements and cavities implements a mirrored excitation technique while maintaining a low cross-polarization level. In both numerical and experimental solutions, a less than −30 dB cross-polarization level has been achieved for all of the main directions. A fractional impedance bandwidth of 29.8% (10.55–14.25 GHz) for < −10-dB is measured for the proposed array. Simulated and measured results illustrate good agreement. Having features like low cost, light weight, compactness, broadband, integration capabilities, and low cross-polarization level makes the designed antenna suitable for remote-sensing and satellite applications.

This paper depicts the analysis of microstrip patch antenna’s performance operated on the concept of multi-band. It shows the observations on the result obtained at certain frequencies by changing the direction of the rings. It affects the outcomes of the designed microstrip patch antenna in terms of reflection coefficient, i.e., S11 parameter and gain. After achieving the report, researchers can easily select the antenna for specific operations such as UWA, UWB or radar-based applications. Principles of metamaterial are used for designing the antenna as it features some novel properties that make the complete procedure unique. The testing of several designed antenna exhibits the change in properties at X-band frequencies. The appropriate consistency between measurement and simulation results proves the significance of developed antenna for attaining the enhanced value of gain at different frequency bands.KeywordsMicrostrip patch antennaMulti-band antennaMetamaterialCSRR

Microstrip patch antenna analysis on a finite size model of the dielectric substrate is proposed and investigated using the method of moments. The surface-patch dipole modes are used to model the arbitrarily shaped microstrip patch while the volume polarisation current theorem with rectangular volume cells is used to model the dielectric. Galerkin's solution is applied except at the edges of the patch. Various copper patches have been tested experimentally. The results of the measurement are in good agreement with the computations.

In this paper two rectangular microstrip patch antennas are proposed and simulated to operating at 2.4 GHz. The antennasare designed on FR-4 substrate with 4.4 dielectric constant, 0.02 loss tangent, and 1.58 mm, 3 mm thickness for Antenna_1 and Antenna_2 respectively. The dimensions of Antenna_2 is adjusted to enhance its bandwidth and gain. The simulations of the proposed antennas are done by using HFSS software. The radiation parameters of two antennassuch as return loss, VSWR, Gain, and Beam width are studied and compared. Also the comparison between the obtained results of proposed antennasand other published antennas are done.

In this paper a slotted microstrip patch antenna has been designed that works for two frequencies 1.42GHz and 2.65GHz. Since a microstrip patch antenna works only on one resonant frequency so converting that into a multiband patch antenna would enhance the bandwidth and also utilizes the multiple frequencies of operation. This multiband slotted patch antenna is fabricated on FR4 lossy dielectric substrate whose dielectric constant is 4.3 and height is 1.6mm. The length and width of patch are taken as 51.16mm and 39.86mm respectively. we cut out the slots so that the patch antenna works at multiple frequencies. Another advantage of presented design is it reduced the size of antenna actually required for 1.42GHz frequency. Simulation and analysis of slotted patch antenna is done by CST software. Simulation and fabrication results show that the presented antenna design characteristics meet with the standard characteristics of antenna.

In order to fulfill the growing demand high-performance low RCS antenna in stealth technology, FSS-based antenna is found to be the better candidate. In view of this, the design and analysis of microstrip patch antennas (MPA) loaded with (i) FSS-based HIS (high-impedance surface) ground plane and (ii) FSS-based superstrate are presented in this book with proper formulations and graphical presentations.

This paper represents relative analysis of performance parameters and cost comparison of different microstrip patch antennas. Rectangular and annular ring patch antennas have been designed considering the resonant frequency of 5.25 GHz. This frequency has been selected as so the proposed annular ring microstrip patch antenna can cover a well portion of few wireless applications like IEEE 802.11a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) (5.125-5.395 GHz) Worldwide interoperability for Microwave Access (Wi-MAX) (5.25-5.85 GHz). The ground plane has been incorporated by fan shaped Electro-Magnetic Band Gap (EBG) to have better radiation patterns. The proposed annular ring patch antenna exhibits bandwidth of 202 MHz, directivity of 7.23 dBi and relatively healthy radiation efficiency of 88.39%. The noteworthy point of this particular design is its comparatively small size of the patch as well as ground plane. The design and simulation have been accomplished using FDTD method based transient solver of CST MWS software.

Microstrip antennas or patch antennas are popular for their attractive features such as low profile, low weight, low cost, ease of fabrication and integration with RF devices. Micro strip antennas have been found favorable because they are inexpensive to manufacture and compatible with monolithic microwave integrated circuit designs (MMIC). They are usually employed at UHF and higher frequencies because the size of the antenna is directly tied to the wavelength at the resonance frequency. A Microstrip or patch antenna is a narrowband, wide-beam antenna fabricated by etching the antenna element pattern in metal trace bonded to an insulating dielectric substrate with a continuous metal layer bonded to the opposite side of the substrate which forms a ground plane. The most commonly employed microstrip antenna is a rectangular patch. The major disadvantages of Microstrip antennas are lower gain and very narrow bandwidth. Microstrip patch antennas have some drawbacks of low efficiency, narrow bandwidth (3-6%) of the central frequency. Millimeter wave technology being an emerging area is still much undeveloped. As micro strip antennas have found wide variety of application areas, a number of techniques are evolved to improve its limited bandwidth. A good approach to improve the bandwidth is increasing the thickness of substrate supporting the micro strip patch. However problems exist on the ability to effectively feed the patch on a thick substrate and the radiation efficiency can degrade with increasing substrate thickness. A substantial research needs to be done in this area as its applications are numerous. The radiation patterns and S11 performance are used for the analysis of the different configurations. In the present endeavor a rectangular patch antenna is designed on thick substrate and simulated using MATLAB software and configuration on different dielectric susbstrates was used .

In this paper an innovative microstrip patch antenna is designed to enhance the return loss. This work presents the comparative analysis of the return loss enhancement between the microstrip patch antenna and circular patch antenna. Materials and methods: The return loss of proposed microstrip patch antenna was compared to circular patch antenna in High-frequency structure simulator environment. The sample size estimation is done using the G Power statistical tool with probability of 80% and the total sample size of the research is 20 and consists of two groups i.e for each group 10 samples. From the SPSS analysis the significance is obtained (0.039) which is less than 0.05. Results: The return loss is improved for -40.56 in the proposed innovative microstrip patch antenna in ka-band frequency range compared to circular patch antenna (−12.59 dB). Conclusion: Within the limits of this study, the proposed microstrip patch antenna attained higher return loss in Ka-band. The results are verified using the HFSS modeling.

A Complementary Electric Field Coupled (CELC) resonator, loaded in the ground plane of a conventional patch antenna to achieve dual band operation is presented here. Two antenna designs have been presented. In the first design, one CELC is etched out from the ground plane of patch antenna which leads to generation of a lower order mode in addition to the conventional patch mode. In order to achieve better impedance bandwidth for the lower order resonant mode two CELC resonators with closely spaced resonant frequencies are etched out from the ground plane of patch antenna in the second design. The proposed antennas can be used in WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) and WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) applications.

Microstrip antennas are widely used in wireless communication, radar, satellite systems, and astronomy applications. Because of their ease of manufacturing, their lightweight, low profile and also their ability to conform to non-planar structures in free space, these structures need tools based on numerical techniques to model and solve some electromagnetic problems like interference and discontinuity. However, the 3D planar discontinuity presents several difficulties related to the volume mesh. Furthermore, the entire volume must be considered, even the smallest details. In this paper, we will develop a formulation based on the hybridization between the reciprocity theorem and the Method of the Generalized Equivalent Circuit (MGEC) to model and analyze a 3D planar discontinuity existing between the excitation source which described by a coaxial cable and a microstrip patch antenna. The values of the current density distribution on either side of the patch antenna and microstrip as well as the relative error value between microstrip patch antenna and excitation source shows the existence of discontinuity.