Performance Optimization in Micro Frontend Architectures

Micro frontend architecture represents a transformative approach to building large-scale web applications by extending microservices principles to the frontend layer, enabling independent development, testing, and deployment of discrete application modules. This architectural pattern addresses the critical challenges faced by enterprise organizations managing monolithic frontend applications, including lengthy build times, complex deployment processes, and coordination bottlenecks among multiple development teams. Through comprehensive analysis of real-world implementations across various organizational contexts, this article examines the architectural foundations, implementation strategies, benefits, challenges, and organizational impacts of micro frontend adoption in enterprise environments. The article reveals that while micro frontends deliver significant advantages in team autonomy, scalability across multiple dimensions, technology flexibility, and fault isolation, they simultaneously introduce substantial complexity in system architecture, performance optimization, consistency maintenance, and testing strategies. The successful implementation of micro frontends extends beyond technical considerations to encompass profound organizational transformations, requiring evolution from traditional feature teams to autonomous product teams, establishment of lightweight governance models, adoption of DevOps practices, and cultivation of new cultural values emphasizing modularity and explicit communication. Drawing from experiences in customer relationship management systems, monolithic-to-micro frontend conversions, and comparative analyses between startups and established enterprises, this article provides practical insights and lessons learned to guide organizations considering or currently implementing micro frontend architectures in their enterprise applications.

The emergence of micro frontend architectures has revolutionized the way organizations approach frontend application development, enabling distributed teams to work independently while maintaining system consistency. However, performance optimization in these distributed systems presents unique challenges that differ significantly from traditional monolithic approaches. This study examines performance strategies for micro frontend-based applications through a comprehensive analysis of 30 applications across six key performance metrics. The research reveals significant performance variations across micro frontend implementations, with bundle sizes ranging from 345KB to 550KB and API response times ranging from 155ms to 300ms. Our analysis demonstrates strong correlations between optimization strategies and application performance, particularly highlighting the critical role of lazy loading implementations. Applications achieving lazy loading rates above 50% consistently outperformed those below 40%, with performance score improvements of up to 37 points. The study uses XGBoost regression models to predict key performance metrics, identifying challenges in CPU usage prediction due to overfitting concerns, while achieving exceptional accuracy for bundle size prediction (R² = 0.9647).The performance patterns indicate that successful micro frontend applications require integrated optimization across multiple dimensions, including composition strategies, dependency management, and inter-service communication protocols. The research identifies threshold values for optimal performance, including maintaining bundle sizes below 400KB and implementing aggressive lazy loading strategies. These findings provide actionable insights for development teams working with micro frontend architectures, providing data-driven guidance for architectural decisions and performance strategies in distributed frontend systems.Objective: This study examines performance optimization in micro-frontend-based applications. It analyzes 30 settings across six key metrics, focusing on bundle size, lazy loading, CPU utilization, and response times. The research highlights optimization constraints and a predictive model to guide architectural decisions for scalable, efficient distributed frontends using XGBoost regression.

Universities operate in an environment characterized by rapid change, globalization and other unpredictable complex factors. These institutions play a critical role in the socio-economic development of society. Knowledge has been identified as a strategic resource for private and public organizations to gain competitive advantage. Furthermore, universities are under pressure to respond to the needs of their diverse stakeholders. Hence, it is critical to create a conducive environment to foster Knowledge Sharing beyond functional boundaries in these institutions. However, functional silo mentality has been identified as a major factor that encumbers Knowledge Sharing in organizations, including universities of technology. The purpose of the study was to explore the applicability of the Systems Thinking concept in the context of fostering Knowledge Sharing in Universities of Technology. Previous research investigated this phenomenon from a different perspective, whilst this study provides a University of Technology context. The study adopted a qualitative research methodology underpinned by a constructivism philosophical worldview. Qualitative data was collected from the employees of two universities of technology through semi-structured interviews. Participants in the study were purposively selected. NVivo software was used for data analysis. The study provides theoretical perspectives and practical insights for applying Systems Thinking to foster Knowledge Sharing beyond functional boundaries in organizations and Universities of Technology. Overall, the results of the study indicated that participants were positive that adopting Systems Thinking would be a strategic choice to institutionalize Knowledge Sharing in universities of technology. One of the limitations of this study was that data was collected from only two selected public universities of technology. This provides an opportunity for future research to consider collecting data from more than two universities of technology to investigate this phenomenon.

This work explores the potential of connected, digitalized Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) within the framework of Industrie 4.0, analyzing it through distinct process layers: workpiece, assembly, and product. Each layer presents unique timeframes and stakeholder interactions, necessitating varied data infrastructure demands, including a consideration of data security and privacy challenges. The workpiece layer mostly covers the local production setup and is thus directly coupled with the product and process quality as well as maintaining a safe operation. In the assembly layer, ensuring interoperability among diverse stakeholders is crucial, requiring clear definitions of responsibilities and access rights to enhance data exchange. The product layer prioritizes the reliability and trustworthiness of information for informed decision-making, advocating for solutions that guarantee authenticity and verifiability while addressing privacy concerns through techniques like privacy-preserving computing. The paper identifies a critical gap in real-world applications of these concepts in additive manufacturing. It proposes a data-driven quality control approach to enhance process and product quality in arc welding, leveraging digital shadows to create effective interfaces within production networks. This approach has demonstrated potential reductions in welding fume emissions by 12–40%, alongside connected applications that minimize exposure and energy consumption.

This article presents a comprehensive framework for deploying and managing PostgreSQL databases on Kubernetes clusters within data center environments, focusing on achieving serverless-like operations. The article examines the essential components, architectural considerations, and operational strategies required for successful implementation. It addresses key challenges in infrastructure planning, component integration, security implementation, and operational management while highlighting the importance of maintaining high availability and performance optimization. The article explores the intersection of traditional database management with modern container orchestration, providing insights into storage design, networking configuration, and monitoring solutions. Through detailed analysis of deployment workflows and operational best practices, the article demonstrates how organizations can leverage existing data center investments while adopting cloud-native principles. The article encompasses security considerations, scaling strategies, and disaster recovery mechanisms, offering a balanced approach to achieving both operational efficiency and system reliability. Special attention is given to the evolution towards serverless capabilities within on-premises environments, presenting practical solutions for organizations seeking to modernize their database infrastructure while maintaining control over their data and resources.

Cloud Web APIs have become an essential component of modern software development, allowing developers to access and utilize various services and functionalities provided by cloud providers. Java, a widely used programming language, is frequently employed for developing robust and scalable systems. This research paper aims to provide comprehensive recommendations for effectively integrating and utilizing cloud web APIs within Java-backed systems. The paper discusses the benefits of using cloud web APIs, highlights common challenges, and presents best practices and strategies for successful integration. It also covers security considerations, performance optimization, and potential future developments in the field.

The evolution of web development has been significantly influenced by the introduction of HTML5 Web Components, particularly customized built-in elements. This paper explores the transformative impact of these elements on Component-Based Software Engineering (CBSE) and Design Systems. Customized builtin elements, as an integral part of the Web Components standard, offer unparalleled flexibility and functionality, enabling developers to create bespoke HTML elements that encapsulate specific behaviors and styles. This adaptability is pivotal for CBSE, facilitating the modularization of complex applications into more manageable components. This research delves into how customized built-in elements enhance Design Systems, ensuring visual consistency and superior user experience across digital applications. By adapting these elements to align with an application's design language and brand identity, a seamless and visually cohesive interface is achieved. The paper also examines the cross-browser compatibility, performance optimization, and security considerations associated with implementing these elements, emphasizing their critical role in efficient web application integration. Furthermore, the paper highlights the significance of these elements in contemporary web development scenarios, including Internet of Things (IoT) applications, e-commerce platforms, and educational technologies. The interaction of these components with Progressive Web Apps (PWAs) is also explored, showcasing potential improvements in web experiences. In conclusion, the paper underscores the necessity of addressing challenges such as browser standardization and developer tooling to fully realize the potential of HTML5 customized built-in elements. The discussion concludes with an outlook on the future of these elements, projecting their continuing influence in advancing the field of web development.

In this chapter, the importance of equipping educators with transformative learning approach to implement sustainability education in higher education settings has been discussed. The chapter talks about sustainability education as a way to achieve sustainable development and transformative learning approach to implement sustainability education effectively in higher education settings. The entry discusses the literature introducing the prominent concepts and ideas for transformative learning approach and establishes the importance of providing educators with the right pedagogy for effective implementation of sustainability education, in higher education settings, using transformative learning approach. In the final section, the authors conceptualized a framework, based on literature review, highlighting the learning experiences and the pedagogies required to bring transformative learning approach to practice in the context of sustainability education in higher education settings.

<title>Abstract</title> This study addresses the key problem of CPU utilization prediction in cloud computing environments and proposes a time series modeling method based on an improved FedFormer. The research first analyzes the complexity of cloud workloads under high concurrency and dynamic fluctuations, and points out the limitations of traditional methods in handling nonlinear, non-stationary, and noisy data with insufficient accuracy and weak robustness. To address this issue, the proposed approach introduces an improved structure that integrates frequency-domain modeling with attention mechanisms. Global periodic patterns are extracted through the fast Fourier transform, while multi-head self-attention captures both local and long-range dependencies, enabling efficient modeling of CPU utilization sequences. A unified feature embedding and prediction framework is constructed, where raw time series data are transformed into high-dimensional representations at the input layer, and nonlinear mappings generate predictions in the output stage, optimized by the mean squared error loss function. In experimental design, the study conducts multidimensional validation, including hyperparameter sensitivity, environment sensitivity, and data sensitivity. The results show that the method maintains stable predictive performance in complex cloud computing scenarios and achieves higher accuracy and robustness than multiple baseline models. The findings enrich the methodological system of deep time series modeling in cloud computing and provide solid technical support for resource scheduling, load balancing, and performance optimization.

This chapter synthesises debates on the conservation and development centred on protected areas (PAs) and tourism. It focuses on issues dealing with theory and practice, policy, institutions and diverse stakeholders. Success in conservation depends on whether PAs are effectively managed and can mitigate threats to fulfil their multiple roles of enhancing biodiversity conservation and promoting community development. Green initiatives are needed to promote sustainable and continue the support of biodiversity conservation and socio-economic development. Though policy instruments have spelt out how to transit from exclusive to inclusive conservation and development approaches, doing this remains unclear given the lack of common systemic practices and understanding of these approaches. Collaboration describes interactions between institutions based on at least some agreed rules or norms, intended to address a common issue.

Over the past decade, JavaScript-based single-page application frameworks, including Meta's React.js, Google's Angular, and Vue.js, have become a popular technology choice for enterprise web application development teams. Increasingly, enterprise teams are architecting applications built upon these frameworks to utilize OAuth 2.0 with Open ID Connect to integrate with commercial Identity as a Service, Identity and Access Management, and Single Sign-On solutions. The security guarantees of OAuth 2.0 depend upon a client's secure handling and management of bearer tokens. Two conditions create significant uncertainty concerning a browser-based application's ability to meet this demand. First, modern browsers lack a storage facility with the necessary characteristics to protect tokens from abuse or exfiltration via cross-site scripting. Second, substantial portions of the codebase in a typical modern enterprise web application comprise third-party code and components sourced via a supply chain that remains a known attack-vector for cross-site scripting vulnerabilities. Presently, the lowest risk approach for integrating OAuth 2.0 with browser-based single-page applications is to employ a dedicated server-side component as the OAuth 2.0 client, allowing tokens to be retrieved through a secure backchannel and stored in a more highly trusted server-side execution environment. A correlation of the user's authenticated session between the server backend and the browser application is maintained using the much more solid, mature, and well-understood HTTP cookie mechanism. Such an architecture is described and referred to as the OAuth 2.0 Backend for Frontend (BFF) Architecture in a draft IETF specification. The draft specification provides a high-level description and depiction of the components and flows involved. This work's primary focus and contribution is a proposed theoretical extension addressing specific aspects of the OAuth 2.0 BFF Architecture described in the draft IETF OAuth 2.0 for Browser-based Apps specification. The proposed extension addresses critical and difficult-to-manage concerns that the draft leaves for implementing teams to handle. This research aims to assist researchers and practitioners in producing secure and robust browser-based OAuth 2.0 implementations with a solid user and developer experience.

This report presents an evolutionary cyclic plasticity based transformative approach for fatigue evaluation of safety critical components. This approach is generic which can be used not only for the present generation light water reactor components (which is our focus) but also for advanced reactor components. The approach is based on the fundamental concept of time-evolution of progressive fatigue damage rather than the end-of-life data based conventional S~N curve approaches. Series of fatigue tests on 316 stainless steel uniaxial specimens were conducted under strain-controlled and stress-controlled cyclic loading in two different environment such as in-air at 300 °C and PWR coolant water condition at 300 °C. Material models are developed to capture the uniaxial test data and are subsequently programmed into commercially available ABAQUS code to transform the uniaxial material behavior to multiaxial loading domain. The developed evolutionary cyclic-plasticity approach is verified by both analytical and 3D-FE modeling of uniaxial fatigue test specimens. Results show that the developed material models can capture the time-dependence of material hardening and softening with great accuracy. In addition, results show that the material models not only can capture the material behavior under constant amplitude loading but also can capture the load-sequence effect under variable and random amplitude loading. The ANL developed approach is one of its kind, which shows first in the fatigue research community that fatigue evaluation of a component (in our case verified for laboratory scale fatigue test specimens with great accuracy) can be performed for its entire fatigue life, including the hardening and softening behavior, without using a conventional S~N curve based approach. Additionally results are presented related to fatigue evaluation of real reactor components such as of a pressurized water reactor (PWR) surge line (SL), under upset transient conditions. SLs of PWR experience complex thermal stratification due to the mixing of differential temperature flow from hot leg and pressurizer. A detailed parametric study of thermal stratification in SL is performed through both standalone computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis and fluid-structure-interaction based coupled CFD and heat transfer analysis. Results show that the mass flow rate in SL substantially affects the extent of its thermal stratification. The resulting thermal boundaries conditioned are used as inputs for thermal-mechanical stress analysis and component level fatigue evaluation. Fatigue evaluation of SL pipe under example loading conditions was performed using the above-mentioned evolutionary-plasticity based approach and ASME code (for in-air life) and NUREG-6909 (for PWR environment life) based approaches. Results show that the evolutionary plasticity based approach estimate substantially different life compared to the conventional ASME based approach. To show the entirety of the proposed evolutionary fatigue-modeling framework, this report includes the results presented in semi-annual March report (ANL/LWRS-17/01). Sections 2-5 of March report are directly included as Sections 2-5 in this report, without any significant changes. However, Sections 6-9 of this report present the work performed during March-September of 2017. Whereas, Sections 1 and 10 present the organization of this report and the summary and future work, respectively. This report (ANL/LWRS-17/03 Rev. 1) is a slightly revised version of the earlier published report (ANL/LWRS-17/03). In this revised version, some of the results and associated discussion have been corrected/updated.

Bridging hospitality education and community

Mockup-Driven Development: Providing agile support for Model-Driven Web Engineering

End-users who are nonprogrammers create web applications by using advanced web development tools. However, these tools are not supported by any methodological process which produces that web applications are of low quality. This paper presents an approach to bring web engineering principles to the end-user community. We complement the web engineering method OOWS with tools that allow end-users to develop web applications by: (1) describing web applications in terms of the end-users’ knowledge about the application domain, (2) automatically obtaining a web application prototype by means of the OOWS code generation strategy, and (3) personalizing the web application look and feel by simply selecting a design template. To achieve this, an ontology-based strategy is introduced to support end-users throughout the web application development. We also introduce a strategy that allows us to define domain-independent presentation templates.